计算机专业英语复习重点.docx

计算机专业英语复习重点.docx

《计算机专业英语复习重点.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《计算机专业英语复习重点.docx（5页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

计算机专业英语复习重点

1Software,aswementioned,isanothernameforprograms.Programsaretheinstructionsthattellthecomputerhowtoprocessdataintotheformyouwant.Inmostcases,thewordssoftwareandprogramsareinterchangeable.Therearetwomajorkindsofsoftware:

systemsoftwareandapplicationsoftware.Youcanthinkofapplicationsoftwareasthekindofyouuse.Thinkofsystemsoftwareasthekindthecomputeruse.

2systemunit系统单元:

Thesystemunitisacontainerthathousesmostoftheelectriccomponentsthatmakeupacomputersystem.Twoimportantcomponentsofthesystemunitarethemicroprocessorandmemory.Themicroprocessorcontrolsandmanipulatesdatatoproduceinformation.Manytimesthemicroprocessoriscontainedwithinaprotectivecartridge.Memory,alsoknownasprimarystorageorrandomaccessmemory（RAM）,holdsdataandprograminstructionsforprocessingthedata.Italsoholdstheprocessedinformationbeforeitisoutput.Memoryissometimesreferredtoastemporarystoragebecauseitscontendswilltypicallybelostiftheelectricalpowertothecomputerisdisappeared.

3connectivity通讯isthecapabilityofyourmicrocomputertoshareinformationwithothercomputers.Thesinglemostdramaticchangeinconnectivityinthepastfiveyearshasbeenthewidespreaduseofmobileorwirelesscommunicationdevices.Forjustafewofthesedevices,manyexpertspredictthatthesewirelessapplicationsarejustthebeginningofthewirelessrevolution,arevolutionthatisexpectedtodramaticallyaffectthewaywecommunicateandusecomputertechnology.

4searchtools搜索工具:

Thewebcanbeanincredibleresource,providinginformationonnearlyanytopicimaginable.Areyouplanningatrip?

Writinganeconomicspaper?

Lookingforamoviereview?

Tryingtolocatealong-lostfriend?

Informationsourcesrelatedtothesequestions,andmuch,muchmore,areavailableontheweb.

5searchengines搜索引擎arespecializedprogramsthatassistyouinlocatinginformationonthewebandtheInternet.Tofindinformation,yougotoasearchserviceswebsiteanduseitssearchengine.Thissearchengine,likemostothers,providestwodifferentsearchapproaches.

6FTP文件传输协议:

FiletransferprotocolisanInternetstandardfortransferringfiles.ManycomputersontheInternetallowyoutocopyfilestoyourcomputer.Thisiscalleddownloading.YoualsocanuseFTPtocopyfilesfromyourcomputertoanothercomputerontheInternet.Thisiscalleduploading.

7Filters过滤器blockaccesstoselectedsites.TheInternetisaninterestingandmultifacetedarena.Butoneofthosefacetsisadarkandseamyone.Parents,inparticular,areconcernedaboutchildrenroamingunrestrictedacrosstheInternet.Filerprogramsallowparentsaswellasorganizationstoblockoutselectedsitesandsettimelimits.Additionally,theseprogramscanmonitoruseandgeneratereportsdetailingthetotaltimespentontheInternetandthetimespentatindividualwebsites,chatgroups,andnewsgroups.Foralistofsomeofthebest-knownfilters.

8wordprocessors文字处理器createtext-baseddocumentsandareoneofthemostflexibleandwidelyusedsoftwaretools.Alltypeofpeopleandorganizationsusewordprocessorstocreatememos,lettersandfaxes.Organizationscreatenewsletters,manuals,andbrochurestoprovideinformationtotheircustomers.Studentsandresearchersusewordprocessorstocreatereports.Wordprocessorscanevenbeusedtocreatepersonalizedwebpages.

9Spreadsheet电子表格programsorganize,analyze,andgraphnumericdatasuchasbudgetsandfinancialreports.Onceusedexclusivelybyaccountants,spreadsheetsarewidelyusedbynearlyeveryprofession.Marketingprofessionalsanalyzesalestends.Financialanalystsevaluateandgraphstockmarkettrends.Studentsandteachersrecordgradesandcalculategradepointaverages.

10Anintegratedpackage集成包isasingleprogramthatprovidesthefunctionalityofawordprocessor,spreadsheet,databasemanager,andmore.Theprimarydisadvantageofanintegratedpackageisthatthecapabilitiesofeachfunctionarenotasextensiveasintheindividualprograms.Theprimaryadvantagesarecostandsimplicity.Thecostofanintegratedpackageismuchlessthanthecostoftheindividualpowerful,professional-gradeapplicationprogramsdiscussedthusfarinthischapter.Integratedpackagesarepopularwithmanyhomeusersandaresometimesclassifiedaspersonalorhomesoftware.ThemostwidelyusedintegratedpackagesareMicrosoftWorksandAppleWorks.

11Asoftwaresuite软件套件isacollectionofseparateapplicationprogramsbundledtogetherandsoldasagroup.Whiletheapplicationsfunctionexactlythesamewhetherpurchasedinasuiteorseparately,itissignificantlylessexpensivetobuyasuiteofapplicationthantobuyeachapplicationseparately.Therearefourtypesofsuites.

12Desktoppublishingprograms桌面发布程序,orpagelayoutprograms,allowyoutomixtextandgraphicstocreatepublicationsofprofessionalquality.Whilewordprocessorsfocusoncreatingtextandhavetheabilitytocombinetextandgraphics,desktoppublishersfocusonpagedesignandlayoutandprovidegreaterflexibility.Professionalgraphicartistsusedesktoppublishingprogramstocreatedocumentssuchasbrochures,newsletter,newspaper,andtextbooks.

13LINKSANDBUTTONS链接和按钮:

Aninteractivemultimediapresentationistypicallyorganizedasaseriesofrelatedpages.Eachpagepresentsinformationandprovideslinks,orconnectionstorelatedinformation.Theselinkscanbetovideo,sound,graphics,andtextfiles,andtootherpagesandresources.Byclickingspecialareascalledbuttonsonapage,youcanselectone,several,ornoneofthem.Youareincontrol.Youdirecttheflowandcontentofpresentation.

14Webauthoring网页制作:

Youhaveprobablyinteractedwithamultimediapresentationonawebsite.ThereareoverhalfamillioncommercialwebsitesontheInternet,andhundredsmorearebeingaddedeveryday.Corporationsusethewebtoreachnewcustomersandpromotetheirproducts.Manyindividualscreatetheirownpersonalsites,calledWeblogsorblogs,tokeepintouchwithfriendsandfamily.Creatingasiteiscalledwebauthoring.Itbeginswithsitedesignfollowedbycreationofdocumentfilethatdisplaysthewebsite’scontent.

15Systemsoftware:

Operatingsystemscoordinatecomputerresources,provideaninterfacebetweenusersandthecomputer,andrunapplications.Utilitiesperformspecifictasksrelatedtomanagingcomputerresources.Devicedrivearespecializedprogramsthatallowparticularinputoroutputdevicestocommunicatewithrestofthecomputersystem.Languagetranslatorsconverttheprogramminginstructionswrittenbyprogrammersintoalanguagethatcomputersunderstandandprocess.

16FEATURES特点:

Stratingorrestartingacomputeriscalledbootingthesystem.Therearetwowaystobootacomputer:

awarmbootandacoldboot.Awarmbootoccurswhenthecomputerisalreadyonandyourestartitwithoutturningoffthepower.Awarmbootcanbeaccomplishedinseveralways.Forexample,inWindowsXP,arunningcomputercanberestartedbypressingasequenceofkeys.Startingacomputerthathasbeenturnedoffiscalledacoldboot.

17MicrosoftsWindowsisbyfarthemostpopularmicrocomputeroperatingsystemtodaywithover90percentofthemarket.Becauseitsmarketissolarge,moreapplicationprogramsaredevelopedtorununderWindowsthananyotheroperatingsystem.WindowscomesinavarietyofdifferentversionsandisdesignedtorunwithIntel-compatiblemicroprocessorssuchasthePentium

.ForasummaryofMicrosoft’sdesktopoperatingsystems.

18Devicedrivers设备驱动程序:

Everydevice,suchasamouseorprinterthatisconnectedtoacomputersystemhasaspecialprogramassociatedwithit.Thisprogram,calledadevicedriverorsimplyadriver,workswiththeoperatingsystemtoallowcommunicationbetweenthedeviceandtherestofthecomputersystem.Eachtimethecomputerisstarted,theoperatingsystemloadsallofthedevicedriversintomemory.

19Thesystemunit系统单元,alsoknownasthesystemcabinetisacontainerthathousesmostoftheelectroniccomponentsthatmakeupacomputersystem.Allcomputersystemshaveasystemunit.Formicrocomputers,therearefourbasictypes:

Desktopsystemunits,Notebooksystemunits,TabletPCsystemunits,andHandheldcomputersystemunits.

20Thesystemboard系统板isalsoknownasthemotherboard.Thesystemboardisthecommunicationsmediumfortheentirecomputersystem.Everycomponentofthesystemunitconnectstothesystemboard.Itactsasadatapathallowingthevariouscomponentstocommunicatewithoneanother.Externaldevicessuchasthekeyboard,mouse,andmonitorcouldnotcommunicatewiththesystemunitwithoutthesystemboard.

21Stockets套接字provideaconnectionpointforsmallspecializedelectronicpartsoftinycircuitboardsetchedontosquaresofsand-likematerialcalledsilicon.Thesecircuitboardscanbesmallerthanthetipofyourfinger.Aclipisalsocalledasiliconchip,semiconductor,orintegratedcircuit.Chipsaremountedoncarrierpackages.Thesepackageseitherplugdirectlyintosocketsareusedtoconnectthesystemboardtovarietyofdifferenttypesofchips,includingmicroprocessorandmemorychips.

22Microprocessor微处理器:

Inamicrocomputersystem,thecentralprocessingunitorprocessoriscontainedonasinglechipiscalledthemicroprocessor.Themicroprocessoriseithermountedintoacarrierpackagethatplugsintothesystemboardorcontainedwithinacartridgethatplugsintoaspecialslotonthesystemboard.Themicroprocessoristhebrainsofthecomputersystem.Ithastwobasiccomponents:

thecontrolunitandthearithmetic-logicunit.

23RAM随机存取存贮器:

Random-accessmemorychipsholdtheprogramanddatathattheCPUispresentlyprocessing.RAMiscalledtemporaryorvolatilestoragebecauseeverythinginmosttypeso