高考英语二轮专题名词性从句附解析.docx

1、高考英语二轮专题名词性从句附解析名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，也涉及句法结构，是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一。在学习名词性从句时，应注意从以下几个方面入手：一、要熟悉句子的各种成分，尤其是主语、宾语、表语、同位语的特点。二、要掌握引导名词性从句的连接代词、连接副词的分类及用法，以及that，if，whether的用法区别。三、要注意名词性从句中的特殊情况，例如：that的省略，语序问题，时态问题，语气问题。四、要注意疑问连接词what，when，where等引导名词性从句不表示疑问的情况。五、要注意whoever，whichever，whatever，whenev

2、er，wherever等引导从句的用法。特别需要注意的是要掌握it替代从句的用法。名词性从句是高考的热点，对于名词性从句考纲要求掌握以下内容：掌握主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句的基本用法，了解同位语从句的基本用法。要求考生在复习备考中应该掌握名词性从句的基本用法；一些易混引导词的辨析；句子的语序、否定前移；名词性从句和定语从句、状 语从句的辨析等。高考对名词性从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构，而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力，特别是将名词性从句与强调句、定语从句、状语从句等结合起来考查。考点1 主语从句引导主语从句的连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether;连接代

3、词who,whom, whose, what, which, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever；连接副词when,where,why,how等。1.连接词that，whether引导That the college will take in more new students this year is true.今年这所大学将招收更多新生是真的。Whether he can finish his task on time is of great importance.他是否能按时完成任务非常重要。特别提示(1)if不能引导主语从句。(2)形式主语it

4、替代主语从句。常见的it替代主语从句的句式主要有以下几种：AIt+系动词+形容词+that从句。如：It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure很清楚，整个计划注定要失败。BIt+系动词+名词+that从句。如：It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace我们的希望是双方能朝着和平的方向发展。C.It + be + v.ed形式+that从句。如：It is announced that the plan has been successfully

5、 carried out.据宣布计划已经顺利实施。2.连接代词引导What we cant get seems better than what we already have.我们得不到的东西似乎比我们拥有的东西好。Who the letter was from is still unknown这封信是谁寄出的还不清楚。Whichever of you gets here first will get the prize你们当中第一个到达这里的人将获得奖项。3.连接副词引导How acupuncture reduces and relieves pain is unclear针灸是如何减轻和

6、解除疼痛的还不清楚。Why dinosaurs suddenly disappeared still remains a mystery恐龙为什么突然消失了还是个谜。【典例】Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C【解析】题目考查主语从句。helps是谓语，“_ you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句。在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示“任何事情”，因此用whatever引导，故选C。考点2 宾语从句引导宾语从句的

7、连接词主要有三类：连接词that，whether,if等，连接代词what,whose, who, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词when,where,why,how等。1.连接词that,whether,if引导I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help.我认为你应该向老师寻求帮助。I dont know if/whether he still lives here after so many years.我不知道这么多年后他是否还住在这儿。特别提示1.whether/if都意为“是否”。

8、一般情况下，它们可以互换，口语中常用if，但以下情况中，只能用whether。(1)与or not紧接连用时。如：Let me know whether or not you can come请让我知道你是否能来。(2)作介词的宾语从句时。如：We are interested in whether you will attend the meeting我们对你是否参加会议感兴趣。2.连接代词和连接副词引导。连接代词有what，who, whose, whatever, whichever, whoever等，连接副词有when,where,why,how等。如：She asked me wh

9、ose handwriting was the best in class.她问我班上谁的书法最好。Ill just say whatever comes into my mind.我想到什么就说什么。Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began?你知道古代的奥运会是什么时间开始的吗？Ive been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting我一直在考虑如何使我们的报纸更有趣。3宾语从句的语序在宾语从句中要用陈述句语序。如：He asked me when we

10、 could set out the next day他问我第二天什么时候可以出发。Did you find out where she lost her car?你查出她在哪里丢的车了吗?4宾语从句的时态(1)当主语的谓语动词是一般现在时，其宾语从句的时态是任何适当的时态。如：She says(that)she works from Monday to Friday.她说她周一至周五上班。（从句是一般现在时）She says(that)she will leave a message on his desk.她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。（从句是一般将来时）She says(that)she

11、has never been to Mount Emei她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)(2)当主句的谓语动词是一般过去式时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态。如：He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)He said that he was going to take care of the baby.他说他会去照看这个婴儿。（从句时过去将来时）He said that they were having a meeting at that time.他说他们那时正在开会。（从

12、句是过去进行时）（3）当宾语从句是表达客观真理和规律的句子时，其时态仍旧用一般现在时。如：The teacher told us that nothing is difficult if we put our hearts into it。老师告诉我们世上无难事，只怕有心人。He said that light travels much faster than sound他说光比声音传播得快。【典例】We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20, half of _ it used to charg

13、e.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解析】考查宾语从句。half of_it used to charge是$20的同位语，即原来价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语。所以，这里是宾语从句；宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句的宾语，故选C。考点3 表语从句常用连接词that, whether;连接代词who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever;连接副词when,where,how,why引导。1.

14、连接词引导The reason for his absence is that he hasnt been informed.他缺席的原因就是他没接到通知。The question remains whether they will be able to help us问题还是他们能否帮我们。2连接代词和连接副词引导The problem is who will take charge of this shop问题是谁将接管这家店铺。That is when I realized the importance of journalism那时我才意识到新闻工作的重要性。特别提示（1）as/as

15、if/as though引导的表语从句常跟在特定动词的后面，如：seem, appear, look, taste, sound, feel等。如：It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听上去好像有人在敲门。At that time, it seemed as though I couldnt think of the right word.当时我似乎怎么也想不出一个恰当的字眼来。（2）当主句的主语是reason时，表语从句一般由that引导，这种用法常见于句型The reason whyis that.如：The reason why

16、 he came late was that he got up late.他来得晚是因为起床晚了。【典例】The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B. that C. whether D. why【答案】B【解析】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完完全全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is 后跟从句作表语，即表语从句。表语从句不缺少主语，谓语和宾语，因此用that,that只起引导作用，故选B。考点4 同位语从句同位语从句在句子中作某一名词的同位语，一般位于该

17、名词之后，说明该名词的具体内容。这些名词常见的有idea，fact，news，hope，belief，thought，doubt，promise，suggestion，order等。1通常用连词that引导同位语从句，that无词义，也不作句子成分，但不能省略。注意从句用陈述句语序。如：They expressed the hope that we would go and visit Shanghai again他们表示希望我们再去访问上海。I have no idea that she quit her present job.我不知道她辞掉了现在的工作。Given me your pro

18、mise that you will come to our party this evening.你答应我，今天晚上会来参加我们的聚会。2.同位语从句还可以用whether,when,where,why,how等引导，如：The student ask me the question whether the book was worth reading.学生问了我这个问题：这本书是否值得一读。I have no idea why he was excited at that time我不知道当时他激动的原因。【典例】The manager put forward a suggestion _

19、 we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whether B. that C. which D. what【答案】B【解析】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接作用。故选B。一、语法填空1.【2018.全国卷】Im not sure61 is more frightened, me or the female gorilla(大猩猩) that suddenly a

20、ppears out of nowhere.【答案】which【解题思路】考查宾语从句。设空处后出给了范围，在me和the female gorilla间进行选择，可译为“哪一个”，用which。2.【2018.浙江卷11月】It is possible 63 caffeine may cause birth defects in humans, too.【答案】that【解题思路】考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知，该句是一个主从复合句，it为形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。二、单项填空3.【2018.江苏】21. By boat is the only way to get here, w

21、hich is we arrived.A. where B. when C. why D. how【答案】D【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意:我们到达那儿的唯一方式是坐船。根据句子中的by boat可知从句需要方式状语来引导，故选择 D。4.【2018.天津】9.The gold medal will be awarded to _ wins the first place in the bicycle race.A. whomever B.wherever C.whoever D. whatever【答案】C【解题思路】考查宾语从句引导词的辨析。根据句子成分划分可知“_ wins the fi

22、rst place in the bicycle race”为介词to后面的宾语从句，而在宾语从句中缺少指代人的主语成分，故选whoever。whomever不能作从句中的主语，wherever表示“无论哪里”，whatever只能指物，表示“无论什么”。5.【2018.北京】11.Without his support, we wouldnt be_ we are now.A. how B.when C. where D. why【答案】C【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“没有他的支持，我们就不会是我们现在的样子。”how表方式；when表时间；where表地点；why表原因。所以选C。6.

23、【2018.北京】15.This is _ my father has taught me-to always face difficulties and hope for the best.A. how B. which C. that D. what【答案】D【解题思路】考查表语从句。句意为“这就是我的父亲教给我的，面对问题总是要往最好的想。”be动词后面是表语从句，然后根据表语从句做题原则，从句缺少宾语，所以选连接代词what。7.【2017北京】23. Every year, _ makes the most beautiful kite will win a prize in the

24、 Kite Festival.A. whatever B. whoever C. whomever D. whichever【答案】B【解题思路】A. whatever 任何事；B. whoever 任何人；C. whomever 任何人；D. whichever无论哪个。句意：每年，任何一个做出最漂亮的风筝的人将会在风筝节获奖。空格所在部分是主语从句，缺少主语，用连接代词，根据意思可知是人获奖，故排除A和D，因为需要做主语，只能用主格代词who，故选B。8.【2017北京】26. Jane moved aimlessly down the tree-lined street, not kno

25、wing _she was heading.A. why B. where C. how D. when【答案】B【解题思路】句意：Jane漫无目的地走在两旁栽树的街道上，不知道她将去往何方，根据语境可知此处表地点，故选B。9.【2017江苏】26. We choose this hotel because the price for a night here is down to $20,half of _ it used to charge.A. that B. which C. what D. how【答案】C【解题思路】“half of _ it used to charge”是$20

26、的同位语，即原来的价格的一半是现在的$20。另外，of后跟名词或名词短语构成介宾短语，所以，这里是宾语从句。宾语从句中的charge后面缺少宾语，所以用what来引导宾语从句，并充当宾语从句中的宾语。故选C。10.【2017天津】4. She asked me _ _ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadnt.A. when B. where C. whether D. what【答案】C【解题思路】句意：她问我是否已经把书还给图书馆了，我承认我还没有还。根据句意，故选C。11.【2016北京】24

27、. Your support is important to our work. _ you can do helps.A. However B. Whoever C. Whatever D. Wherever【答案】C【解题思路】helps是谓语，“you can do”是主语部分，即主语从句，在主语从句中，do后缺少宾语，表示：“任何事情”，因此whatever引导，故选C。12.【2016北京】29. The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _ one can be entirely free from dust.A. what B.

28、 that C. whether D. why【答案】B【解题思路】句意：雨季最令人愉悦的就是人们可以完全不再受到沙尘的困扰。is后跟从句作表语，即表语从句，表语从句不缺少主语，谓语和宾语，因此用that，that只起引导作用，故选B。13.【2016江苏】21.It is often the case _anything is possible for those who hang on to hope.A. why B. what C.as D. that【答案】D【解题思路】考查主语从句。本句中it是形式主语，真正的主语是连接词that引导的主语从句，连接词that在本句中不充当任何成分

29、，只是一个引导词而已，不能省略。连接副词why要在句中做状语，连接代词what通常在句中做主语、宾语或表语等；as通常不引导名词性从句。句意：对于那些心存希望的人一切皆可能是事实。故D正确。14.【2016天津】11. The manager put forward a suggestion _ we should have an assistant. There is too much work to do.A. whether B. that C. which D. what【答案】B【解题思路】句意：经理提出一个建议，我们应该有个助手。有太多的工作要做。使用同位语从句说明suggestion的内容，而且同位语从句成分和意思都是完整的。用that引导，that不作成分，只是起着连接的作用，故选B。1. 【江苏省五校2019届高三12月联考】That preserved historic village connected to downtown by a highway is _ many office workers spend their