语法辅导之介词和连词.docx

1、语法辅导之介词和连词介词和连词一概念: 介词表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系.介词分简单介词和复合介词。如：across; for; to ;beyond； in 等为_介词，而without；into； inside；within等有两个词构成的介词叫做_介词。像regardless of ; in spite of; on the edge of 等叫做_介词。二.要点精讲1.表示地点位置的介词1) at, in, on, toat (1)表示在小地方; (2)表示“在附近，旁边”in (1)表示 在大地方; (2)表示“在范围之内”。on 表示毗邻，接壤to 表

2、示在范围外，不强调是否接壤He arrived _ the station.He is sitting_ the desk.He arrived _ Shanghai yesterday.Jiangsu lies_ the east of China.Russia lies _ the north of China.Fujian is_ the south of Jiangsu Province.2.表示时间的介词1)in , on，at 在时in表示较长时间，如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般（非特指）的早、中、晚等。如 in the 20th century, in the 1950s

3、, in 1989, in summer, in January, in the morning, in the night, in ones life , in ones thirties等。on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。如on May 1st, on Monday, on New Years Day, on a cold night in January, on a fine morning, on Sunday afternoon等。at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间，或泛指圣诞节，复活节等。 如at 3:20, at this time of year, at the beginnin

4、g of, at the end3.运动方向的介词：across, through 通过，穿过across表示横过,即从物体表面通过，与on有关；through穿过,即从物体内部穿过，与in有关。She swam _ the river.He walked _ the forest.4.表示“在之间”的介词：between, amongbetween指在两个人或两个事物之间；among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。There is a football match _ Class One and Class Two on the playground.The teacher is stan

5、ding among the students.5.表示其他意义的介词1)on ,about 关于on表示这本书，这篇文章或演说是严肃的，或学术性的，可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读；about表示内容较为普通，不那么正式。There will be a lecture_ economics this afternoon.He is writing a book_ cooking.He told me a lot_ his life in the summer vocation.2)by, with, in 表示方法、手段、工具by 以方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具；with 表示用 工具、手段，一

6、般接具体的工具和手段；in 表示用方式，用语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等；He makes a living _ selling newspapers.He broke the window_ a stone.The foreigner spoke to us _ English.3)except, besides 除了except 除之外，不包括在内；besides 除之外，包括在内。_ Mr. Wang, we went to see the film. (王先生没去)_ Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film. (王先生也去了)连词一.概念连词是用来连接

7、词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.二.要点精讲1.表示并列关系的连词：and, bothand, not only but also和neithernor等1)and：和，并且A：基本用法： “and”表示 “和”、“并且”的意思，用来连接对等关系的字和字，片语和片语，句子和句子。I enjoy basketball, football _ table tennis.The weather becomes colder_ colder.B:特别用法：祁使句后连接and，有条件句作用，此时and=if you, youll Go straight on, _ youll see the l

8、ibrary. =if you go straight on, you will see the library.2.表示转折关系的连词有：but, however, yet, still，while等。Mary was a nice girl, _ she had one shortcoming.Tom got up early, _ he failed to catch the train.He was very tired, _ he kept on walking.Your composition is fairly good, _, there is still some room

9、for improvement.Jane is hard working, _ her sister is quite lazy.3.表示选择关系的并列连词有：or, eitheror,whether or等。1)or：或、否则A:基本用法or 表示 “或” 的意思，使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。-Is your friend English _ American? -American.He doesnt like dumplings _ noodles.5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：before, after, when, while, as, till, until, since, a

10、s soon as等。_ they had planted their crops, they took a rest.We have learned six lessons _ he began to teach us._ he gets to Beijing, hell call me.6. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：if(如果), unless(除非，如果不)等。_you dont go soon, youll be late. = _ you go soon, youll be late.7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有 because, as, since等。because“因为

11、”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because，其引导的从句可放在句首或句末；as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强，引导的从句常置于句首；for是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或补充说明，其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。He didnt go to school_ he was ill.As it was raining, we went there by bus.11.引导比较状语从句的从属连词有： asas(与一样),not as/so as(不及，赶不上),和than(比)等。I know you better _ she does.He works _

12、 carefully _ she.I cant run_ fast as you.12.引导名词性从句的从属连词有：that和 if/whether(是否)等。We know_the earth goes around the sun. (宾语从句)I wonder _ he has received my e-mail. (宾语从句) _ hell go there hasnt been decided.(主语从句)注意：在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。Ill go on with the work _ I come back tomorrow.He w

13、ont come_ he isnt invited.三.即学即练10、If Tom Mike asks for their car, tell him to come tomorrow. Aor Band Cwith Dbut11、It was already ten oclock we got to the museum this morning. Athat Bwhen Cif Dfor12、Its a long time we met last. Aso Bafter Csince Dbefore13、That maths problem is difficult nobody can

14、do it. Atooto Bverythat Csothat Dvery but14、Ill give her the message she comes back. Asince Bbefore Cuntil Das soon as Cfor Dwhen2014高考相关题型选练：短文改错; 7。介词的用法（2014大纲卷）The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another, 介词：were hoping to settle something that bothers to us. （2014辽宁卷）介词：and

15、shot their arrows on the bird. （2014陕西卷）介词：Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off. （2014四川卷）介词：If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside. （2014四川卷）介词：and with the help by our father, my sister and I planted some che

16、rry tomatoes（圣女果）in our back garden, （2014新课标I）介词：Therefore , we have more time with after-school activities . （2014新课标II）介词：or sat by the lake listening music . （2014新课标II）介词误用：If we could show concern to others on need, the world would be a better place to live in. （2014浙江卷 ）介词：Then everyone in th

17、e carriage began searching the ticket, which was eventually found under a seat several rows from his owner. （2014浙江卷 ）8。连词（2014大纲卷）The more friends we have, the more we can learn for one another,but the more pleasure we can share together.连词： That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or tre

18、es, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity! （2014陕西卷）连词：If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately. （2014四川卷）连词：Although we allow tomato plants to grow in the same place year after year, but we have never had any disease or insect attack problem. （2014

19、新课标I）连词：A passenger realized he couldnt find his ticket but became quite upset. （2014浙江卷 ）单选：一 （2014安徽卷）25The meaning of the word nice changed a few times it finally came to include the sense pleasant.A. before B. after C. since D. while【答案】A【举一反三】You cant borrow books from the school library _ you

20、get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as答案A二 （2014安徽卷）31What we expect from you is working hard hardly working.A. less than B. rather than C. as well as D. as much as【答案】B三（2014北京卷）21. Some animals carry seeds from one place to another, _ plants can spread to new places.A. so B. or C. fo

21、r D. but【答案】A【举一反三】Someone wants you on the phone. _nobody knows I am here.A. Although B. And C. But D. So 【答案】C四（2014北京卷）23. Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves _ half an hour. A. by B. in C. for D. until【答案】B五（2014北京卷）29._ the forest park is far away, a lot of tourists visit

22、 it every year. A. As B. When C. Even though D. In case【答案】C六（2014大纲卷）29. September 30 is the day _ which you must pay your bill.A. by B. for C. with D. in 【答案】A七（2014福建卷）22. Our club is open to everyone _ age, sex or educational background. A. due to B. except for C. along with D. regardless of【答案】

23、D八（2014湖北卷）30. Check carrots, potatoes, onions and any other vegetables _ and immediately use or throw away any which show signs of rotting.A. in demand B. in store C. on loan D. on sale【答案】B【举一反三】When she first arrived in China, she wondered what the future might have for her, but now all her worri

24、es are gone. A.in need B.in time C.in preparation D.in store答案D九（2014湖南卷）26. You will never gain success you are fully devoted to your work.A. when B. because C. after D. unless【答案】D【举一反三】It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties_ gets more financial support from the E

25、uropean Union.A. if B. unless C. because D. since【答案】B十（2014江苏卷）21. Lessons can be learned to face the future, history cannot be changed.A. though B. as C. since D. unless【答案】A【举一反三】It was a nice meal, _a little expensive. A. though B. whether C. as D. since【答案】A十一（2014江苏卷）24. Tom always goes joggin

26、g in the morning and he usually does push-ups too to stay_.A. in place B. in order C. in shape D. in fashion【答案】C十二（2014江西卷）25. Starting your own business could be a way to achieving financial independence ._, it could just put you in debt.A. In other words B. All in all C. As a result D. On the oth

27、er hand【答案】D【举一反三】I would like a job which pays more, but I enjoy the work Im doing at the moment. A.in other words B.on the other hand C.for one thing D.as a matter of fact 答案B十三（2014江西卷）33. It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life _his great wealth .A. without B. despite C. in D. to 【

28、答案】B十四（2014江西卷）35. It was the middle of the night _ my father woke me up and told me to watch the football game .A. that B. as C. which D. when 【答案】D十五（2014山东卷）2. I dont really like the author,_ I have to admit his books are very exciting. A. although B. unless C. until D. once 【答案】A【举一反三】I dont bel

29、ieve weve met before, I must say you do look familiar.A. therefore B. althoughC. since D. unless【答案】B十六（2014陕西卷）14. The Scottish girl _ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.A. by B. of C. in D. with【答案】D十七（2014陕西卷）24. The young couple, who returned my lost wallet, left _

30、 I could ask for their names.A. while B. before C. after D. since【答案】B【举一反三】You cant borrow books from the school library _ you get your student card.A. before B. if C. while D. as答案A十八（2014四川卷）8. Ill be out for some time. _ anything important happens, call me up immediately.A. In case B. As if C. Even though D. Now that【答案】A 十九（2014天津卷）4._ you sta