语法辅导之介词和连词.docx

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语法辅导之介词和连词.docx

语法辅导之介词和连词

介词和连词

一概念:

介词表示它后面的名词或相当于名词的其他结构与句中其他成分的关系.介词分简单介词和复合介词。

如:

across;for;to;beyond;in等为________介词,而without;into;inside;within等有两个词构成的介词叫做________介词。

像regardlessof;inspiteof;ontheedgeof等叫做________介词。

二.要点精讲

1.表示地点位置的介词

1)at,in,on,to

at

(1)表示在小地方;

(2)表示“在……附近,旁边”

in

(1)表示在大地方;

(2)表示“在…范围之内”。

on表示毗邻,接壤

to表示在……范围外,不强调是否接壤

Hearrived_____thestation.

Heissitting_____thedesk.

Hearrived_____Shanghaiyesterday.

Jiangsulies_____theeastofChina.

Russialies_____thenorthofChina.

Fujianis_____thesouthofJiangsuProvince.

2.表示时间的介词

1)in,on,at在……时

in表示较长时间,如世纪、朝代、时代、年、季节、月及一般(非特指)的早、中、晚等。

如inthe20thcentury,inthe1950s,in1989,insummer,inJanuary,inthemorning,inthenight,inone’slife,inone’sthirties等。

on表示具体某一天及其早、中、晚。

如onMay1st,onMonday,onNewYear’sDay,onacoldnightinJanuary,onafinemorning,onSundayafternoon等。

at表示某一时刻或较短暂的时间,或泛指圣诞节,复活节等。

如at3:

20,atthistimeofyear,atthebeginningof,attheend

3.运动方向的介词:

across,through通过,穿过

across表示横过,即从物体表面通过,与on有关;through穿过,即从物体内部穿过,与in有关。

Sheswam_____theriver.

Hewalked_____theforest.

4.表示“在……之间”的介词:

between,among

between指在两个人或两个事物之间;among指在三个或三个以上的人或事物之间。

Thereisafootballmatch________ClassOneandClassTwoontheplayground.

Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.

5.表示其他意义的介词

1)on,about关于

on 表示这本书,这篇文章或演说是严肃的,或学术性的,可供专门研究这一问题的人阅读;about表示内容较为普通,不那么正式。

Therewillbealecture________economicsthisafternoon.

Heiswritingabook________cooking.

Hetoldmealot________hislifeinthesummervocation.

2)by,with,in表示方法、手段、工具

by以……方法、手段或泛指某种交通工具;with表示用…工具、手段,一般接具体的工具和手段;in表示用…方式,用…语言(语调、笔墨、颜色)等;

Hemakesaliving________sellingnewspapers.

Hebrokethewindow________astone.

Theforeignerspoketous________English.

3)except,besides除了

except除……之外,不包括在内;besides除……之外,包括在内。

________Mr.Wang,wewenttoseethefilm.(王先生没去)

________Mr.Wang,wealsowenttoseethefilm.(王先生也去了)

连词

一.概念

连词是用来连接词,短语,从句或句子的词.连词不作成分.

二.要点精讲

1.表示并列关系的连词:

and,both…and…,notonly…butalso…和neither…nor…等

1)and:

和,并且

A:

基本用法:

“and”表示“和”、“并且”的意思,用来连接对等关系的字和字,片语和片语,句子和句子。

Ienjoybasketball,football________tabletennis.

Theweatherbecomescolder________colder.

B:

特别用法:

祁使句后连接and,有条件句作用,此时and=ifyou…,you’ll…

Gostraighton,________you’llseethelibrary.=ifyougostraighton,youwillseethelibrary.

2.表示转折关系的连词有:

but,however,yet,still,while等。

Marywasanicegirl,________shehadoneshortcoming.

Tomgotupearly,________hefailedtocatchthetrain.

Hewasverytired,________hekeptonwalking.

Yourcompositionisfairlygood,________,thereisstillsomeroomforimprovement.

Janeishardworking,________hersisterisquitelazy.

3.表示选择关系的并列连词有:

or,either…or…,whether…or…等。

1)or:

或、否则

A:

基本用法

or表示“或”的意思,使用于两者之中选择一个的时候。

----IsyourfriendEnglish________American?

----American.

Hedoesn’tlikedumplings________noodles.

5.引导时间状语从句的从属连词有:

before,after,when,while,as,till,until,since,assoonas等。

________theyhadplantedtheircrops,theytookarest.

Wehavelearnedsixlessons________hebegantoteachus.

________hegetstoBeijing,he’llcallme.

6.引导条件状语从句的从属连词有:

if(如果),unless(除非,如果……不)等。

________youdon’tgosoon,you’llbelate.=________yougosoon,you’llbelate.

7.引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because,as,since等。

because“因为”语气最强,回答why提问时只能用because,其引导的从句可放在句首或句末;as“由于”、since“既然”语气不如because强,引导的从句常置于句首;for是并列连词,语气最弱,对前面分句加以解释或补充说明,其引导的分句常置于句末且用逗号隔开。

Hedidn’tgotoschool________hewasill.

Asitwasraining,wewenttherebybus.

11.引导比较状语从句的从属连词有:

as…as…(与……一样),notas/so…as…(不及,赶不上),和than(比)等。

Iknowyoubetter________shedoes.

Heworks________carefully________she.

Ican’trun________fastasyou.

12.引导名词性从句的从属连词有:

that和if/whether(是否)等。

Weknow________theearthgoesaroundthesun.(宾语从句)

Iwonder________hehasreceivedmye-mail.(宾语从句)

_______he’llgotherehasn’tbeendecided.(主语从句)

注意:

在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是将来时,从句要用一般现在时。

I’llgoonwiththework________Icomebacktomorrow.

Hewon’tcome________heisn‵tinvited.

三.即学即练

10、IfTomMikeasksfortheircar,tellhimtocometomorrow.

A.orB.andC.withD.but

11、Itwasalreadyteno’clockwegottothemuseumthismorning.

A.thatB.whenC.ifD.for

12、It’salongtimewemetlast.

A.soB.afterC.sinceD.before

13、Thatmathsproblemisdifficultnobodycandoit.

A.too…toB.very…thatC.so…thatD.very…but

14、I’llgiveherthemessageshecomesback.

A.sinceB.before

C.untilD.assoonas

C.forD.when

2014高考相关题型选练:

短文改错;7。

介词的用法

(2014大纲卷)Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnforoneanother,

介词:

we’rehopingtosettlesomethingthatbotherstous.(2014辽宁卷)

介词:

andshottheirarrowsonthebird.(2014陕西卷)

介词:

Today,Iamgoingtotalkwithwhatyoushoulddowhenafirealarmgooff.(2014四川卷)

介词:

Ifyouhearthealarm,standinlineatthedoorandwaityourteachertoleadyououtside.(2014四川卷)

介词:

andwiththehelpbyourfather,mysisterandIplantedsomecherrytomatoes(圣女果)inourbackgarden,(2014新课标I)

介词:

Therefore,wehavemoretimewithafter-schoolactivities.(2014新课标II)

介词:

orsatbythelakelisteningmusic.(2014新课标II)

介词误用:

Ifwecouldshowconcerntoothersonneed,theworldwouldbeabetterplacetolivein.(2014浙江卷)

介词:

Theneveryoneinthecarriagebegansearchingtheticket,whichwaseventuallyfoundunderaseatseveralrowsfromhisowner.(2014浙江卷)

8。

连词

(2014大纲卷)Themorefriendswehave,themorewecanlearnforoneanother,butthemorepleasurewecansharetogether.

连词:

ThatdayIdidn’tlearnmuchaboutanimals,insectsortrees,butIlearntaimpressivelessonaboutgravity!

(2014陕西卷)

连词:

Ifyounoticethatwhensomeoneismissingandhurt,tellyourteacherimmediately.(2014四川卷)

连词:

Althoughweallowtomatoplantstogrowinthesameplaceyearafteryear,butwehaveneverhadanydiseaseorinsectattackproblem.(2014新课标I)

连词:

Apassengerrealizedhecouldn’tfindhisticketbutbecamequiteupset.(2014浙江卷)

单选:

一(2014安徽卷)25.Themeaningoftheword"nice'changedafewtimesitfinallycametoincludethesense"pleasant."

A.beforeB.afterC.sinceD.while【答案】A

【举一反三】Youcan’tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary______yougetyourstudentcard.

A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as〖答案〗A

二(2014安徽卷)31.Whatweexpectfromyouisworkinghardhardlyworking.

A.lessthanB.ratherthanC.aswellasD.asmuchas【答案】B

三(2014北京卷)21.Someanimalscarryseedsfromoneplacetoanother,______plantscanspreadtonewplaces.

A.soB.orC.forD.but【答案】A

【举一反三】—Someonewantsyouonthephone.

—_____nobodyknowsIamhere.

A.AlthoughB.AndC.ButD.So【答案】C

四(2014北京卷)23.Janeisinahurrybecausethetraintotheairportleaves_______halfanhour.

A.byB.inC.forD.until【答案】B

五(2014北京卷)29._______theforestparkisfaraway,alotoftouristsvisititeveryyear.

A.AsB.WhenC.EventhoughD.Incase【答案】C

六(2014大纲卷)29.September30istheday______whichyoumustpayyourbill.

A.byB.forC.withD.in【答案】A

七(2014福建卷)22.Ourclubisopentoeveryone____age,sexoreducationalbackground.

A.duetoB.exceptforC.alongwithD.regardlessof【答案】D

八(2014湖北卷)30.Checkcarrots,potatoes,onionsandanyothervegetables______andimmediatelyuseorthrowawayanywhichshowsignsofrotting.

A.indemandB.instoreC.onloanD.onsale【答案】B

【举一反三】WhenshefirstarrivedinChina,shewonderedwhatthefuturemighthaveforher,butnowallherworriesaregone.

A.inneedB.intimeC.inpreparationD.instore〖答案〗D

九(2014湖南卷)26.Youwillnevergainsuccessyouarefullydevotedtoyourwork.

A.whenB.becauseC.afterD.unless【答案】D

【举一反三】ItishardfortheGreekgovernmenttogetoverthepresentdifficulties_________getsmorefinancialsupportfromtheEuropeanUnion.

A.ifB.unlessC.becauseD.since【答案】B

十(2014江苏卷)21.Lessonscanbelearnedtofacethefuture,historycannotbechanged.

A.thoughB.asC.sinceD.unless【答案】A

【举一反三】Itwasanicemeal,_______alittleexpensive.

A.thoughB.whetherC.asD.since【答案】A

十一(2014江苏卷)24.Tomalwaysgoesjogginginthemorningandheusuallydoespush-upstootostay____.

A.inplaceB.inorderC.inshapeD.infashion【答案】C

十二(2014江西卷)25.Startingyourownbusinesscouldbeawaytoachievingfinancialindependence.___,itcouldjustputyouindebt.

A.InotherwordsB.AllinallC.AsaresultD.Ontheotherhand【答案】D

【举一反三】Iwouldlikeajobwhichpaysmore,butIenjoytheworkI’mdoingatthemoment.A.inotherwordsB.ontheotherhand

C.foronethingD.asamatteroffact〖答案〗B

十三(2014江西卷)33.ItisunbelievablethatMr.Lucasleadsasimplelife__hisgreatwealth.

A.withoutB.despiteC.inD.to【答案】B

十四(2014江西卷)35.Itwasthemiddleofthenight__myfatherwokemeupandtoldmetowatchthefootballgame.

A.thatB.asC.whichD.when【答案】D

十五(2014山东卷)2.Idon’treallyliketheauthor,_______Ihavetoadmithisbooksareveryexciting.

A.althoughB.unlessC.untilD.once【答案】A

【举一反三】Idon'tbelievewe'vemetbefore,Imustsayyoudolookfamiliar.

A.thereforeB.although

C.sinceD.unless【答案】B

十六(2014陕西卷)14.TheScottishgirl________blueeyeswonthefirstprizeintheFifthChineseSpeechContest.

A.byB.ofC.inD.with【答案】D

十七(2014陕西卷)24.Theyoungcouple,whoreturnedmylostwallet,left_______Icouldaskfortheirnames.

A.whileB.beforeC.afterD.since【答案】B

【举一反三】Youcan’tborrowbooksfromtheschoollibrary______yougetyourstudentcard.

A.beforeB.ifC.whileD.as〖答案〗A

十八(2014四川卷)8.I'llbeoutforsometime.______anythingimportanthappens,callmeupimmediately.

A.IncaseB.AsifC.EventhoughD.Nowthat【答案】A

十九(2014天津卷)4._______yousta

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