考研英语习题及参考答案解析 4.docx

1、考研英语习题及参考答案解析 4考研英语二Directions:MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGI.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthatsnothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1 inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberated,theGI.wasthe2mangrownintohero,thepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3alltheburdens

2、ofbattle,whosleptincoldfoxholes，whowentwithoutthe4offoodandshelter,whostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5anaverageguy,up6thebesttrained,bestequipped,fiercest,mostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisnotmuch.GI.isjustamilitaryabbreviation7Gover

3、nmentIssue,anditwason?allofthearticle8tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9itto?thetop.JoeBlow,JoeMagracaworkingclassname.The?UnitedStateshas10hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joe?hada11careerfightingGerman,Japanese,and?Koreantroops.Heappersasacharacter?,ora12ofamerican?p

4、ersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGI.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle13portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe14sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snowand-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere15orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports16the“wil

5、lie”cartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen17thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the18ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians:coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,20themostimportantpersonintheirlives.1.A

6、performed?Bserved?Crebelled?Dbetrayed2.Aactual?Bcommon?Cspecial?Dnormal3.Abore?Bcased?Cremoved?Dloaded4.Anecessities?Bfacilitice?Ccommodities?Dpropertoes5.Aand?Bnor?Cbut?Dhence6.Afor?Binto?Cform?Dagainst7.Ameaning?Bimplying?Csymbolizing?Dclaiming8.Ahandedout?Bturnover?Cbroughtback?Dpasseddown9.Apush

7、ed?Bgot?Cmade?Dmanaged10.Aever?Bnever?Ceither?Dneither11.Adisguised?Bdisturbed?Cdisputed?Ddistinguished12.Acompany?Bcollection?Ccommunity?Dcolony13.Aemployed?Bappointed?Cinterviewed?Dquestioned14.Aethical?Bmilitary?Cpolitical?Dhuman15.Aruined?Bcommuted?Cpatrolled?Dgained16.Aparalleled?Bcounteracted?

8、Cduplicated?Dcontradicted17.Aneglected?Bavoided?Cemphasized?Dadmired18.Astages?Billusions?Cfragments?Dadvancea19.AWith?BTo?CAmong?DBeyond20.Aonthecontrary?Bbythismeans?Cfromtheoutset?DatthatpointPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.answerthequestionaftereachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyouranswer

9、sonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)Text1Homeworkhasneverbeenterriblypopularwithstudentsandevenmanyparents,butinrecentyearsithasbeenparticularlyscorned.Schooldistrictsacrossthecountry,mostrecentlyLosAngelesUnified,arerevisingtheirthinkingonhiseducationalritual.Unfortunately,L.A.Unifiedhasproducedaninflexiblep

10、olicywhichmandatesthatwiththeexceptionofsomeadvancedcourses,homeworkmaynolongercountformorethan10%ofastudentsacademicgrade.Thisruleismeanttoaddressthedifficultythatstudentsfromimpoverishedorchaotichomesmighthaveincompletingtheirhomework.Butthepolicyisunclearandcontradictory.Certainly,nohomeworkshoul

11、dbeassignedthatstudentscannotdowithoutexpensiveequipment.Butifthedistrictisessentiallygivingapasstostudentswhodonotdotheirhomeworkbecauseofcomplicatedfamilylives,itisgoingriskilyclosetotheimplicationthatstandardsneedtobeloweredforpoorchildren.Districtadministratorssaythathomeworkwillstillbeapatofsch

12、ooling:teachersareallowedtoassignasmuchofitastheywant.Butwithhomeworkcountingfornomorethan10%oftheirgrades,studentscaneasilyskiphalftheirhomeworkandseeveylittledifferenceontheirreportcards.Somestudentsmightdowellonstatetestswithoutcompletingtheirhomework,butwhataboutthestudentswhoperformedwellonthet

13、estsanddidtheirhomework?Itisquitepossiblethatthehomeworkhelped.Yetratherthanempoweringteacherstofindwhatworksbestfortheirstudents,thepolicyimposesaflat,across-the-boardrule.Atthesametime,thepolicyaddressesnoneofthetrulythornyquestionsabouthomework.Ifthedistrictfindshomeworktobeunimportanttoitsstuden

14、tsacademicachievement,itshouldmovetoreduceoreliminatetheassignments,notmakethemcountforalmostnothing.Conversely,ifhomeworkdoesnothingtoensurethatthehomeworkstudentsarenotassigningmorethantheyarewillingtoreviewandcorrect.Thehomeworkrulesshouldbeputonholdwhiletheschoolboard,whichisresponsibleforsettin

15、geducationalpolicy,looksintothematterandconductspublichearings.ItisnottoolateforL.A.Unifiedtodohomeworkright.21.Itisimpliedinparagraph1that?nowadayshomework_.AisreceivingmorecriticismBisnolongeraneducationalritualCisnotrequiredforadvancedcoursesDisgainingmorepreferences22.Atendtohavemoderateexpectat

16、ionsfortheireducationBhaveaskedforadifferenteducationalstandardCmayhaveproblemsfinishingtheirhomeworkDhavevoicedtheircomplaintsabouthomework23.AccordingtoParagraph3,oneproblemwiththepolicyisthatitmay_.AdiscouragestudentsfromdoinghomeworkBresultinstudentsindifferencetotheirreportcardsCunderminetheaut

17、horityofstatetestsDrestrictteacherspowerineducation24.AsmentionedinParagraph4,akeyquestionunansweredabouthomeworkiswhether_.AitshouldbeeliminatedBitcountsmuchinschoolingCitplacesextraburdensonteachersDitisimportantforgrades25.Asuitabletitleforthistextcouldbe_.AWrongInterpretationofanEducationalPolic

18、yBAWelcomedPolicyforPoorStudentsCThornyQuestionsaboutHomeworkDAFaultyApproachtoHomeworkText2Prettyinpink:adultwomendonotrememerbeingsoobsessedwiththecolour,yetitispervasiveinouryounggirlslives.Ttisnotthatpinkisintrinsicallybad,butitissuchatinysliceoftherainbowand,thoughitmaycelebrategirlhoodinoneway

19、,italsorepeatedlyandfirmlyfusesgirlsidentitytoappearance.Thenitpresentsthatconnection,evenamongtwo-year-olds,betweengirlsasnotonlyinnocentbutasevidenceofinnocence.Lookingaround,Idespairedatthesingularlackofimaginationaboutgirlslivesandinterests.Girlsattractiontopinkmayseemunavoidable,somehowencodedi

20、ntheirDNA,butaccordingtoJoPaoletti,anassociateprofessorofAmericanStudies,itisnot.Childrenwerenotcolour-codedatalluntiltheearly20thcentury:intheerabeforedomesticwashingmachinesallbabiesworewhiteasapracticalmatter,sincetheonlywayofgettingclothescleanwastoboilthem.Whatsmore,bothboysandgirlsworewhatwere

21、thoughtofasgender-neutraldresses.Whennurserycolourswereintroduced,pinkwasactuallyconsideredthemoremasculinecolour,apastelversionofred,whichwasassociatedwithstrength.Blue,withitsintimationsoftheVirginMary,constancyandfaithfulness,symbolisedfemininity.Itwasnotuntilthemid-1980s,whenamplifyingageandsexd

22、ifferencesbecameadominantchildrensmarketingstrategy,thatpinkfullycameintoitsown,whenitbegantoseeminherentlyattractivetogirls,partofwhatdefinedthemasfemale,atleastforthefirstfewcriticalyears.Ihadnotrealisedhowprofoundlymarketingtrendsdictatedourperceptionofwhatisnaturaltokins,includingourcorebeliefsa

23、bouttheirpsychologicaldevelopment.Takethetoddler.Iassumedthatphasewassomethingexpertsdevelopedafteryearsofresearchintochildrensbehaviour:wrong.Turnsout,acdordingtoDanielCook,ahistorianofchildhoodconsumerism,itwaspopularisedasamarketingtrickbyclothingmanufacrurersinthe1930s.Tradepublicationscounselle

24、ddepartmentstoresthat,inordertoincreasesales,theyshouldcreatea“thirdsteppingstone”betweeninfantwearandolderkidsclothes.Ttwasonlyafter“toddler”becameacommonshopperstermthatitevolvedintoabroadlyaccepteddevelopmentalstage.Splittingkids,oradults,intoever-tiniercategorieshasprovedasure-firewaytoboostprof

25、its.Andoneoftheeasiestwaystosegmentamarketistomagnifygenderdifferencesorinventthemwheretheydidnotpreviouslyexist.26.Bysayingitis.therainbow(Line3,Para.1),theauthormeanspink_.AshouldnotbethesolerepresentationofgirlhoodBshouldnotbeassociatedwithgirlsinnocenceCcannotexplaingirlslackofimaginationDcannot

26、influencegirlslivesandinterests27.AccordingtoParagraph2,whichofthefollowingistrueofcolours？AColoursareencodedingirlsDNA.BBlueusedtoberegardedasthecolourforgirls.CPinkusedtobeaneutralcolourinsymbolisinggenders.DWhiteispreferedbybabies.28.Theauthorsuggeststhatourperceptionofchildrenspsychologicaldevel

27、opmentwasmuchinfluencedby_.AthemarketingofproductsforchildrenBtheobservationofchildrensnatureCresearchesintochildrensbehaviorDstudiesofchildhoodconsumption29.WemaylearnfromParagraph4thatdepartmentstoreswereadvisedto_.AfocusoninfantwearandolderkidsclothesBattachequalimportancetodifferentgendersCclass

28、ifyconsumersintosmallergroupsDcreatesomecommonshoppersterms30.Itcanbeconcludedthatgirlsattractiontopinkseemstobe_.AclearlyexplainedbytheirinborntendencyBfullyunderstoodbyclothingmanufacturersCmainlyimposedbyprofit-drivenbusinessmenDwellinterpretedbypsychologicalexpertsText?3In2010.afederaljudgeshook

29、Americasbiotechindustrytoitscore.CompanieshadwonpatentsforisolatedDNAfordecades-by2005some20%ofhumangeneswereparented.ButinMarch2010 ajudgeruledthatgeneswereunpatentable.Executiveswereviolentlyagitated.TheBiotechnologyIndustryOrganisation(BIO)，atradegroup，assuredmembersthatthiswasjusta“preliminaryst

30、ep”inalongerbattle.OnJuly29ththeywererelieved，atleasttemporarily.Afederalappealscourtoverturnedthepriordecision，rulingthatMyriadGeneticscouldindeedholbpatentstotwogenssthathelpforecastawomansriskofbreastcancer.ThechiefexecutiveofMyriad，acompanyinUtah，saidtherulingwasablessingtofirmsandpatientsalike.

31、Butascompaniescontinuetheirattemptsatpersonalisedmedicine，thecourtswillremainratherbusy.TheMyriadcaseitselfisprobablynotoverCriticsmakethreemainargumentsagainstgenepatents：ageneisaproductofnature，soitmaynotbepatented；genepatentssuppressinnovationratherthanrewardit；andpatentsmonopoliesrestrictaccesstogenetictestssuchasMyriads.Agrowingnumberseemtoagree.Lastyearafederaltask-forceurgedreformforp