公路边坡支护方法.docx

1、公路边坡支护方法Highway Slope Common Supporting MethodAt present, our country mountainous area highway to construct rapid development. In first-class highway construction, were massively deep cut cutting and high embankment slope, its protection outstanding issues. In order to meet the safe and reliable and

2、 reasonable economy dual goals, the high slope of disease of thorough analysis and characteristics of its governance engineering scheme discreet choice is very important. Highway slope along the road to the distribution of wide, natural environmental damage range, if the protection at the same time,

3、 can protect the environment and create an environment, the adoption of appropriate greening methods for, can make highway has safe, comfortable, beautiful, in harmony with the environment and other characteristics, which will create considerable economic benefit and social benefit and ecological be

4、nefits. Slope design should follow the safe green, water and soil conservation and restoration of natural, environmental protection way design principle. On the highway slope protection, must consider the following questions: (1) the slope stability: protect embankment slope surface from the rains w

5、ashed out, slowing down the influence of temperature and temperature changes, to prevent and delay the surface of soft rock weathering, broken, eroding evolution process, thus protect the overall stability of roadbed. (2) the environmental protection: make the project on environment to minimize the

6、disturbing degree, and seek artificially alkali-silica coordinated with the natural environment. (3) comprehensive effects: comprehensive against the light, prevent dazzle, smoke, induction of driver line of sight, improve landscape slope greening purpose, give full play to the comprehensive benefit

7、 protection project. 1, Engineering protection 1.1 plaster and beat noodles 1.1.1 applicable condition: (1) to all sorts of easy weathering of soft rock (such as shaly sands, shale, thousand pieces of rock, shale SLATE) slope, when rock weathering not very serious when; (2) the slope protection by i

8、tself must be stable, but the slope shape, gradient and smooth unrestrained; (3) the slope protection, which must be dry, no groundwater rocky slope. 1.1.2 structural requirements: (1) the plaster ply is commonly 5 7cm, beat surface thickness for 10 15cm, generally for thickness sections. (2) the pl

9、aster and beat surface engineering peripheral and not protective slope cohesion place, should strictly closed. As in the slope top do cut ditch, or GouBian also to do with plaster or beat surface protection. (3) on large surface, precausions or every 5 10m should set is adjustable seam. 1.2 grouting

10、 and tick off seam Grouting applies to the rocky hard, not easy weathering, rock joints growth inside, but the crack width of smaller rocky cutting slope. Tick off seam is applicable to the rocky, difficult to weathering, open hard very not development, and joints of deep seams larger jointed rock c

11、utting slope. 1.3 soil-cement slope protection 1.3.1 applicable condition: (1) suitable for silty and sand, silty clay, clay etc fill slope. (2) the vulnerable to flood inundated the roadbed fill slope. (3) can be used in saline soil area. 1.3.2 structural requirements: soil-cement revetment thickne

12、ss for 10 20cm. General admixture of general 8% of cement concrete 15%, according to the site during the construction of the admixture was confirmed. 1.4 HuMianQiang 1.4.1 applicable condition: (1) more for easy weathering of mica rocks, LuNi schist, 1000 pieces rock and other weathering serious sof

13、t rock formations and a broken rock location, to prevent continue to weathering; (2) the slope protection by itself must be substantial; (3) HuMianQiang, hole HuMianQiang have entity HuMianQiang, arch casing HuMianQiang HuMianQiang and rib type. Entity HuMianQiang used in general soil and rock slope

14、; Empty HuMianQiang used for slope slow in casing 1-0. 75, hole in the window can be used on slope surface (dry) or dry build by laying bricks or stones PianShi; HuMianQiang arch for slope, while the lower strata relatively complete upper slope or those who need protection by individual weak area, s

15、lope rock slope steep intact and used when HuMianQiang rib type. 1.4.2 structural requirements: 1. HuMianQiang entities (1) high and decide on wall thickness, use commonly 0.4 0.6 m, width is equal to the general DingKuan add H / 10 H / 20; The height of the single stage counterfort 15m usually less

16、 than the total height, multilevel wall as usually less than. (2) along the wall body length set a 2cm every 10m within the expansion joints with reinforced asphalt hemp seam padded. After discharge holes in the sand with rubble and make reverse filter layer to exclude wall drainage. (3) to build Hu

17、MianQiang ago, all the slope rock weathering layer to fresh cleared to weathering quickly, the rocky (like mica rocks, LuNi schist, etc) slope, clear dug fresh gape, shall be immediately repaired after HuMianQiang. (4) the soils ramming fill top application, lest flow washout. 2. HuMianQiang casing

18、hole HuMianQiang window casing hole hole for semicircle arch, usually high 2.5 3.5 m, width 2 3m, radius 1 1.5 m. its base, thickness, expansion joints, such as HuMianQiang identical with the entity within hole, according to specific situation PianShi, electrode using dry build by laying bricks or s

19、tones on grass, or face. 3. HuMianQiang arch Arch than hours (across 2 3m), the arch ring can use 10 # cement mortar build by laying bricks or stones, PianShi arch height depending on the slope rock under complete and decide, arch height, can be made larger span concrete arch ring. 1.5 shortcreting

20、or sprayed concrete protective 1.5.1 applicable condition: (1) applies to the lithology is bad, the intensity is bottom, easy weathering or hard rock weathering crushing, joints growth, its surface weathering falling rock slope; (2) when rock slope cutting by weathering peel and joints caused widesp

21、read broken down, and local small collapsed, rockfalls, can use local reinforcement, for wide after spray (shotcrete). (3) the upper strata for decency is broken rock hard and complete tall cutting slope; (4) cannot bear mountain pressure, slope must is stable. 1.5.2 structural requirements: (1) the

22、 shotcreting thickness is less than 1.5 2cm, not the thickness of sprayed concrete in 3 5cm advisable. (2) to prevent slope surface water erosion along the shotcreting (sprayed concrete, the top margin slope lateral) set up a small cut ditch. (3) cut groove slurry embedded within both sides strata.

23、1.6 spray anchor protection 1.6.1 applicable condition: Whoever easy shortcreting (jet concrete) protection, when rock slope rock weathering broken joints growth, seriously, in broken rock thicker cases, if continue to weathering, will lead to drop stones or small avalanches, thus affecting the stab

24、ility of the slope. It has high intensity, good anti-cracking performance, can make certain depth within the slope was increased the broken rock within, and can withstand a small amount of broken body produces the lateral pressure. 1.6.2 structural requirements: (1) to prevent slope surface water er

25、osion along the shotcreting (sprayed concrete, the top margin slope lateral) set up a small cut ditch. (2) the anchorage depth depending on the slope strata of broken degree and breaking layer thickness and decide, use 1:3 to cement mortar consolidation. (3) not less than 3cm, spray thickness of spr

26、ayed concrete thickness not less than 5cm. (4) the type of bolt anchor rod, a resin mortar anchor, plastic anchor length, cement anchor and tube anchor. (5) the bearing capacity of major measures improve anchor length, prolong anchorage second pressure pulp, adopt end expand or more paragraphs expan

27、d head bolt, repeat high-pressure grouting and change the force transmission characteristics of the anchor rod anchor rod shear or pressure type. One second grouting and repeat high-pressure grouting is more practical and effective. 1.7 soil-nail wall Soil-nail wall is a relatively new structures, i

28、t mainly consists of nail (i.e., anchor), concrete panel (hang nets shotcrete), anchor plate compositions. 1.7.1 mechanism The anchor (via regular arrangement spike), panel, anchor plate will slope certain limits soil in situ reinforcement, form a kind of composite soil nailing wall - structured wal

29、l, the wall by soil nailing wall and pressure assume. 1.7.2 application conditions Mainly applies to weathering crushing more serious rock slope, also can used for powder soil, gravel and sandy soil slope. Inherit the earth pressure generally, its greatest advantage on the excavation step by step do

30、wn from conditions are closed on the slope and timely reinforcement, can effectively reduce slope excavation airport and brings for release, make the slope keep miles to the stability of the original structure, to avoid the collapse. 1.7.3 structural requirements: (1) the construction procedure for:

31、 into hole - hole cleaning - buy muscle - grouting - spray layer 1 fine stone concrete - pack hanging steel net - spray layer 2 fine stone concrete; (2) the first layer of fine stone concrete thick 7 10cm and second fine stone concrete thick 8cm. 1.8 prestressed anchor beam Prestressed anchor beam i

32、s developed in recent years, a new type of reinforcement measures. Structure is divided into anchor and anchor beam two parts. 1.8.1 mechanism Put the broken loose rock combination connected into the overall, and anchor in the rock formation deep solid by prestress anchor length, within the scope of the weak rock (layers) extrusion close-grained, improve level of positive pressure between rock and friction, stop cracking loose rock displacement, so as to achieve the purpose of reinforced slope. This kind of metho