公路边坡支护方法.docx

公路边坡支护方法.docx

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公路边坡支护方法

HighwaySlopeCommonSupportingMethod

Atpresent,ourcountrymountainousareahighwaytoconstructrapiddevelopment.Infirst-classhighwayconstruction,weremassivelydeepcutcuttingandhighembankmentslope,itsprotectionoutstandingissues.Inordertomeetthesafeandreliableandreasonableeconomydualgoals,thehighslopeofdiseaseofthoroughanalysisandcharacteristicsofitsgovernanceengineeringschemediscreetchoiceisveryimportant.

Highwayslopealongtheroadtothedistributionofwide,naturalenvironmentaldamagerange,iftheprotectionatthesametime,canprotecttheenvironmentandcreateanenvironment,theadoptionofappropriategreeningmethodsfor,canmakehighwayhassafe,comfortable,beautiful,inharmonywiththeenvironmentandothercharacteristics,whichwillcreateconsiderableeconomicbenefitandsocialbenefitandecologicalbenefits.

Slopedesignshouldfollowthe"safegreen,waterandsoilconservationandrestorationofnatural,environmentalprotectionway"designprinciple.

Onthehighwayslopeprotection,mustconsiderthefollowingquestions:

（1）theslopestability:

protectembankmentslopesurfacefromtherainswashedout,slowingdowntheinfluenceoftemperatureandtemperaturechanges,topreventanddelaythesurfaceofsoftrockweathering,broken,erodingevolutionprocess,thusprotecttheoverallstabilityofroadbed.

（2）theenvironmentalprotection:

maketheprojectonenvironmenttominimizethedisturbingdegree,andseekartificiallyalkali-silicacoordinatedwiththenaturalenvironment.

（3）comprehensiveeffects:

comprehensiveagainstthelight,preventdazzle,smoke,inductionofdriverlineofsight,improvelandscapeslopegreeningpurpose,givefullplaytothecomprehensivebenefitprotectionproject.

1,Engineeringprotection

1.1plasterandbeatnoodles

1.1.1applicablecondition:

（1）toallsortsofeasyweatheringofsoftrock（suchasshalysands,shale,thousandpiecesofrock,shaleSLATE）slope,whenrockweatheringnotveryseriouswhen;

（2）theslopeprotectionbyitselfmustbestable,buttheslopeshape,gradientandsmoothunrestrained;

（3）theslopeprotection,whichmustbedry,nogroundwaterrockyslope.

1.1.2structuralrequirements:

（1）theplasterplyiscommonly5~7cm,beatsurfacethicknessfor10~15cm,generallyforthicknesssections.

（2）theplasterandbeatsurfaceengineeringperipheralandnotprotectiveslopecohesionplace,shouldstrictlyclosed.Asintheslopetopdocutditch,orGouBianalsotodowithplasterorbeatsurfaceprotection.

（3）onlargesurface,precausionsorevery5~10mshouldsetisadjustableseam.

1.2groutingandtickoffseam

Groutingappliestotherockyhard,noteasyweathering,rockjointsgrowthinside,butthecrackwidthofsmallerrockycuttingslope.

Tickoffseamisapplicabletotherocky,difficulttoweathering,openhardverynotdevelopment,andjointsofdeepseamslargerjointedrockcuttingslope.

1.3soil-cementslopeprotection

1.3.1applicablecondition:

（1）suitableforsiltyandsand,siltyclay,clayetcfillslope.

（2）thevulnerabletofloodinundatedtheroadbedfillslope.

（3）canbeusedinsalinesoilarea.

1.3.2structuralrequirements:

soil-cementrevetmentthicknessfor10~20cm.Generaladmixtureofgeneral8%ofcementconcrete~15%,accordingtothesiteduringtheconstructionoftheadmixturewasconfirmed.

1.4HuMianQiang

1.4.1applicablecondition:

（1）moreforeasyweatheringofmicarocks,LuNischist,1000piecesrockandotherweatheringserioussoftrockformationsandabrokenrocklocation,topreventcontinuetoweathering;

（2）theslopeprotectionbyitselfmustbesubstantial;

（3）HuMianQiang,holeHuMianQianghaveentityHuMianQiang,archcasingHuMianQiangHuMianQiangandribtype.EntityHuMianQiangusedingeneralsoilandrockslope;EmptyHuMianQiangusedforslopeslowincasing1-0.75,holeinthewindowcanbeusedonslopesurface（dry）ordrybuildbylayingbricksorstonesPianShi;HuMianQiangarchforslope,whilethelowerstratarelativelycompleteupperslopeorthosewhoneedprotectionbyindividualweakarea,sloperockslopesteepintactandusedwhenHuMianQiangribtype.

1.4.2structuralrequirements:

1.HuMianQiangentities

（1）highanddecideonwallthickness,usecommonly0.4~0.6m,widthisequaltothegeneralDingKuanaddH/10~H/20;Theheightofthesinglestagecounterfort15musuallylessthanthetotalheight,multilevelwallasusuallylessthan.

（2）alongthewallbodylengthseta2cmevery10mwithintheexpansionjointswithreinforcedasphalthempseampadded.Afterdischargeholesinthesandwithrubbleandmakereversefilterlayertoexcludewalldrainage.

（3）tobuildHuMianQiangago,allthesloperockweatheringlayertofreshclearedtoweatheringquickly,therocky（likemicarocks,LuNischist,etc）slope,cleardugfreshgape,shallbeimmediatelyrepairedafterHuMianQiang.

（4）thesoilsrammingfilltopapplication,lestflowwashout.

2.HuMianQiangcasinghole

HuMianQiangwindowcasingholeholeforsemicirclearch,usuallyhigh2.5~3.5m,width2~3m,radius1~1.5m.itsbase,thickness,expansionjoints,suchasHuMianQiangidenticalwiththeentitywithinhole,accordingtospecificsituationPianShi,electrodeusingdrybuildbylayingbricksorstonesongrass,orface.

3.HuMianQiangarch

Archthanhours（across2~3m）,thearchringcanuse10#cementmortarbuildbylayingbricksorstones,PianShiarchheightdependingonthesloperockundercompleteanddecide,archheight,canbemadelargerspanconcretearchring.

1.5shortcretingorsprayedconcreteprotective

1.5.1applicablecondition:

（1）appliestothelithologyisbad,theintensityisbottom,easyweatheringorhardrockweatheringcrushing,jointsgrowth,itssurfaceweatheringfallingrockslope;

（2）whenrockslopecuttingbyweatheringpeelandjointscausedwidespreadbrokendown,andlocalsmallcollapsed,rockfalls,canuselocalreinforcement,forwideafterspray（shotcrete）.

（3）theupperstratafordecencyisbrokenrockhardandcompletetallcuttingslope;

（4）cannotbearmountainpressure,slopemustisstable.

1.5.2structuralrequirements:

（1）theshotcretingthicknessislessthan1.5~2cm,notthethicknessofsprayedconcretein3~5cmadvisable.

（2）topreventslopesurfacewatererosionalongtheshotcreting（sprayedconcrete,thetopmarginslopelateral）setupasmallcutditch.

（3）cutgrooveslurryembeddedwithinbothsidesstrata.

1.6sprayanchorprotection

1.6.1applicablecondition:

Whoevereasyshortcreting（jetconcrete）protection,whenrocksloperockweatheringbrokenjointsgrowth,seriously,inbrokenrockthickercases,ifcontinuetoweathering,willleadtodropstonesorsmallavalanches,thusaffectingthestabilityoftheslope.Ithashighintensity,goodanti-crackingperformance,canmakecertaindepthwithintheslopewasincreasedthebrokenrockwithin,andcanwithstandasmallamountofbrokenbodyproducesthelateralpressure.

1.6.2structuralrequirements:

（1）topreventslopesurfacewatererosionalongtheshotcreting（sprayedconcrete,thetopmarginslopelateral）setupasmallcutditch.

（2）theanchoragedepthdependingontheslopestrataofbrokendegreeandbreakinglayerthicknessanddecide,use1:

3tocementmortarconsolidation.

（3）notlessthan3cm,spraythicknessofsprayedconcretethicknessnotlessthan5cm.

（4）thetypeofboltanchorrod,aresinmortaranchor,plasticanchorlength,cementanchorandtubeanchor.

（5）thebearingcapacityofmajormeasuresimproveanchorlength,prolonganchoragesecondpressurepulp,adoptendexpandormoreparagraphsexpandheadbolt,repeathigh-pressuregroutingandchangetheforcetransmissioncharacteristicsoftheanchorrodanchorrodshearorpressuretype.Onesecondgroutingandrepeathigh-pressuregroutingismorepracticalandeffective.

1.7soil-nailwall

Soil-nailwallisarelativelynewstructures,itmainlyconsistsof"nail"（i.e.,anchor）,concretepanel（hangnetsshotcrete）,anchorplatecompositions.

1.7.1mechanism

Theanchor（viaregulararrangement"spike"）,panel,anchorplatewillslopecertainlimitssoilinsitureinforcement,formakindofcompositesoilnailingwall-structuredwall,thewallbysoilnailingwallandpressureassume.

1.7.2applicationconditions

Mainlyappliestoweatheringcrushingmoreseriousrockslope,alsocanusedforpowdersoil,gravelandsandysoilslope.Inherittheearthpressuregenerally,itsgreatestadvantageontheexcavationstepbystepdownfromconditionsareclosedontheslopeandtimelyreinforcement,caneffectivelyreduceslopeexcavationairportandbringsforrelease,maketheslopekeepmilestothestabilityoftheoriginalstructure,toavoidthecollapse.

1.7.3structuralrequirements:

（1）theconstructionprocedurefor:

intohole-holecleaning-buymuscle-grouting-spraylayer1finestoneconcrete-packhangingsteelnet-spraylayer2finestoneconcrete;

（2）thefirstlayeroffinestoneconcretethick7~10cmandsecondfinestoneconcretethick8cm.

1.8prestressedanchorbeam

Prestressedanchorbeamisdevelopedinrecentyears,anewtypeofreinforcementmeasures.Structureisdividedintoanchorandanchorbeamtwoparts.

1.8.1mechanism

Putthebrokenlooserockcombinationconnectedintotheoverall,andanchorintherockformationdeepsolidbyprestressanchorlength,withinthescopeoftheweakrock（layers）extrusionclose-grained,improvelevelofpositivepressurebetweenrockandfriction,stopcrackinglooserockdisplacement,soastoachievethepurposeofreinforcedslope.Thiskindofmetho