Reference guideReference Lists.docx

1、Reference guide Reference ListsReference LIST at the end of a piece of workAt the end of a piece of work you must list the references to documents cited in the text (reference list) and those not cited in the text but which make an important contribution to your work (bibliography). These are more c

2、ommonly referred to as References.1. Harvard SystemIn the Harvard System the references are listed in alphabetical order by authors name. If you have cited more than one item by a specific author they should be listed chronologically (earliest first), and by letter (1993a, 1993b) if more than one it

3、em has been published during a specific year.If no author is given the title is used in both the reference list and citation in the textFor place of publication give the city. If the city/town is not well known you may add a country/region/state.Each reference should use the elements and some form o

4、f the punctuation given in the following examples for the different types of published works you have referenced. The are several variations of punctuation in the Harvard reference system. These differences are dependent on the style chosen by the institution in question.BOOKGeneral FormatAuthors su

5、rname, INITIALS. (Year of publication) Title of book (in italics), Edition (if not the first), Publisher, Place of publication. Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleMercer, P.A. & Smith, L.A. (2004) Modern Transportation, 2nd ed., Longman: London.Mercer, P.A. and Smith, L.A. 2004, Modern T

6、ransportation. 2nd ed. Longman, London.Translated bookCocteau, J 1961, Les enfants terribles, trans. R Lehmann, Penguin, London.A CHAPTER IN A BOOKGeneral FormatContributing authors surname, INITIALS. (Year of publication) Title of contribution, Followed by in INITIALS. Surname of author or editor o

7、f publication followed by ed., or eds., Title of book (in italics), Publisher, Place of publication, (optional) page numbers of contribution Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleBantz, C.R. (1995) Social Dimensions of Software Development, In: N.J. Kritz, ed., Transnational Justice, United

8、 States Institute of Peace Press: Washington D.C., pp. 120-122.Bantz, C.R. 1995, Social Dimensions of Software Development, in N.J. Kritz, ed., Transnational Justice, United States Institute of Peace Press: Washington D.C.:120-122. JOURNAL ARTICLEGeneral FormatAuthors Surname, INITIALS. (Year of Pub

9、lication) Title of Article, Journal name (in italics), Volume number, issue number: page numbers of contribution.Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleEvans, A. (1994) Approaches to Intelligent Information Retrieval, Information Processing and Management, 41 (4): 262-301.Evans, A. 1994 Appr

10、oaches to Intelligent Information Retrieval, Information Processing and Management, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 262-301.Accessed from a journal databaseBennett, J. (2003) Environmental values and water policy, Australian Geographical Studies, vol. 41, no. 3, pp.237-250, viewed 8 November 2004, Accessed from

11、 a websiteSprod, T. (1999) Philosophy, young people and well-being, Youth Studies Australia, 18 (2):12-16, viewed 28 October 2004, .Electronic journalKenley, M (2004) The dying town syndrome: a survey of urban development in the Western District of Victoria, Electronic Journal of Australian and New

12、Zealand History, viewed 10 December 2004, .Accessed from a website in a format different to print version-may not give page numbersValentine, D. 2004, Access to higher education: a challenge to social work educators, Journal of Social Work Education, vol. 4, no. 2, viewed 12 December 2004, . NEWSPAP

13、ER ARTICLEGeneral FormatAuthors Surname, INITIALS. (or newspaper name if no author given) (Year of publication) Title of Article, Newspaper name, Day and Month, Page number/s.Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleVelasquez, B. (1998) Mongolia and the West, New York Times, 7 January, p.28.Ca

14、uchi, S. 2004 Worlds green markers on the brink. The Guardian, 16 October, p.10.Author unknownThe Guardian (2004) Worlds green markers on the brink, 16 October, p.10CONFERENCE PAPERGeneral FormatContributing authors Surname, INITIALS. (Year of publication) Title of contribution, followed by In: INIT

15、IALS. Surname (of editor of proceedings (if applicable) followed by ed.), Title of Conference including date and place of conference, Publisher, place of publication, page numbers.Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleSilver, K. (1991)Electronic Mail: The New Way to Communicate, In: D.I. Ra

16、itt, ed., 9th International Online Information Meeting, London, 5-9 December 1990, Learned Information: Oxford, pp. 323-330.Common, M 2001, The role of economics in natural heritage decision making, in Heritage economics: challenges for heritage conservation and sustainable development in the 21st c

17、entury: proceedings of the International Society for Ecological Economics conference, Canberra, 4 July 2000, Australian Heritage Commission, CanberraUNPUBLISHED PAPERSExampleByas, A 2003, Family law: old shadows and new directions, paper presented to the eighth Australian Institute of Family Studies

18、 Conference, Melbourne, 12-14 February.Sinclair, J, Knight, G & Merz, R 1999, Video transect analysis of subtidal habitats in the Dampier Archipelago, Museum of WA. GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONSGeneral FormatName of agency as author (Year of publication) Title of Publication (in italics), Publisher, Place

19、 of Publication, Report Number (where relevant).Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleUNESCO (1993) General Information Programme and UNISIST, UNESCO: Paris (PGI-93/WS/TU).When authors are knownUNESCO (1993) General Information Programme and UNISIST, research report prepared by D. Goodrum &

20、 L. Rennie, UNESCO: Paris (PGI-93/WS/TU).Produced by a consultantCondon, J.R. (2004) Cancer, health services and indigenous Australians, report to the Office for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health, Department of Health and aging, Canberra.STATISTICS General FormatName of agency as author Y

21、ear of publication, title of publication (in italics), catalogue number (if applicable), name of publisher, place of publication, date of viewing, database name, .Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleAustralian Bureau of Statistics 2004, Australian social trends 2004, Cat. No. 4102.0, Aust

22、ralian Bureau of Statistics, Canberra, viewed 10th December 2004, AusStats, .MAPS General FormatOriginators Surname, INITIALS. (may be cartographer, surveyor, compiler, editor, copier, maker, engraver) (Year of publication) Title (in italics), scale (should be given as ratio), Publisher , Place of p

23、ublication.Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleMason, J. (1832) Map of the Countries Lying Between Spain and India, 1:8,000,000, Ordnance Survey Association: London.PHOTOGRAPHSGeneral FormatEvery time you borrow a picture, painting, photograph, diagram, or other image from a source give a

24、 reference entry that links with your in-text citation. Reference the source as normal according to the type.Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.Example (of a book)Peters, J. (1996) Artists of the Twentieth Century, Macmillan: London.ENCYCLOPAEDIA or DICTIONARYGeneral Format Authors Surname, INI

25、TIALS. (Year of publication) Title of entry, in name of dictionary/ encyclopaedia (in italics), Publisher , Place of publication, page numbers.Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.No entry is required in the reference list of you have the name and date of theencyclopaedia or dictionary as an in-t

26、ext reference (i.e. no attributable author)ExampleChilvers, I 1998, Funk art, in The Oxford dictionary of 20th century art, Oxford University Press, Oxford, p. 225.THESESGeneral Format Authors Surname, INITIALS. (Year of publication) Title of Thesis, Award, Name of Institution under whose auspices t

27、he study was taken.Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleByrne, M. (1996) Self-talk and test anxiety, PhD thesis, Monash University, Melbourne.If accessed electronicallyKurtz, T 2003, A psychology of environmentally sustainable behaviour, PhD thesis, Murdoch University, Perth, viewed 11 Oct

28、ober 2004, . WEBSITESGeneral FormatAuthor (person or organisation) Year (site created or revised), Name (and place if applicable) of sponsor of the site, date of viewing of the site (date month year), .Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExampleTherapeutic Goods Administration 2004, Department o

29、f Health and Ageing, Canberra, viewed 13 October 2004, .Website documents General FormatAuthor/editor Year of document (created or revised), title of document (in italics), name of the sponsor of the source, date of viewing (date month year), .ExampleDepartment of Education, Science and Training 200

30、3, The national report on higher education in Australia (2001), Department of Education, Science and Training, Canberra, viewed 13 October 2004, .MEDIA RELEASE ON THE WORLDWIDE WEBGeneral FormatActors surname, INITIALS. (Position) Year, title of release (in italics), media release, date of release (day month), releasing body/agency (including place if applicable), date of viewing (day month year), .Remember, punctuation varies in Harvard.ExamplePirelli, A (Minister for Transport and Regional Services) 2003, CASA a