大学体验英语四课后翻译.docx

1、大学体验英语四课后翻译大学体验英语四-课后翻译Unit 11.随着职务的提升，他担负的责任也更大了。(take on)With his promotion, he has taken on greater responsibilities.2.他感到没有必要再一次对约翰承担这样的责任了。(make a commitment)He felt he did not have to make such a commitment to John any more.3.闲暇时玛丽喜欢外出购物，与她相反，露茜却喜欢待在家里看书。(as opposed to)Mary likes to go shoppin

2、g in her spare time, as opposed to Lucy, who prefers to stay at home reading4.说得好听一些，可以说他有抱负，用最糟糕的话来说，他是一个没有良心 (conscience) 且没有资格的权力追求者。(at best, at worst)At best he s ambitious, and at worst a power-seeker without conscience or qualifications.5.我们已尽全力想说服他，但是却毫无进展。(strive, make no headway)We have st

3、riven to the full to convince him, but we have made no headway.1.他似乎只有在打保龄球的时候才感觉到舒服。It seems that the only timehe felt good about himself waswhenhe was bowling.2.饭店员工是不收小费原则的唯一例外。One exception tothe “no-tipping rule” is the hotel staff.3.很多年轻人在理论上知道怎么干，但当付诸实践时，就茫然无措了。Many of these youngsters know t

4、he job in theory but theyre still wet behind the earswhen it comes toputting it into practice.4.今天，在顶级公关运营商中间存在着一种广泛的共识，认为法庭和媒体的对峙不能再继续下去。Today, there is widespread agreementamong top PR operatorsthatthe stand-off between courts and the media can not continue.5.对于每个人来说，有一点是确信的，睡眠不仅是必需 的，而且睡眠有助于我们身心健

5、康。Asfor everyone, one thing is certain,not onlydo we have to sleep,butit is good for your mind and bodyas well.倍数的翻译 (Multiples)常见的倍数的翻译有倍数的增加和倍数的减少。 倍数的增加 1 n times +名词或+ that of ., n times as . as . 或v + n times等可译成“是.的n倍”或“比.增加n1倍”。 e.g. The output of cars this year is about three times as great

6、as that of last year. 今年的汽车产量大约是去年的三倍。 (或：今年的汽车产量比去年多两倍左右。)2 n times +“增加”意义的比较级 + than .可译成“净增加.或.倍”。 e.g. The irrigated area in this prefecture is four times bigger than in 1998. 这个辖区的灌溉面积是1998年的4倍。 3 “增加”意义的动词+ by .可译成“增加了”；“增加”意义的动词+ by a factor of .可译成“增加了n1倍”； 增加意义的动词+ to . 可译成“增加到或倍”或“增加了n1倍”

7、。 e.g. The value of our industrial output this year has increased five times as compared with that of ten years ago. 今年我们的工业产值比10年前增加了四倍。 The rate of inflation has increased by 3%. 通货膨胀率增长了3%。 4 Double, treble, quadruple, n + fold等表示的倍数可译成“是的n倍”或“增加了n1倍”。 e.g. The efficiency of the machine has been

8、more than trebled. 这台机器的效率增加了二倍多 (是过去的三倍多)。 倍数的减少 1 n times as +“减少”意义的原级 + as ., n times + “减少”意义的比较级 + than . , “减少”意义的动词+ n times等， 可译成“比.减少(n1) / n”、“减少了(n1) / n”、“是.1/n”、“减少到1/n”(若n中有小数点，则要换算成不带小数点的分数或百分数)。 e.g. The length of the laser tube was reduced ten times. 激光管的长度缩短到1/10。 (或：激光管的长度缩短了9/10

9、。) This kind of film is twice thinner than ordinary paper, but its quality is quite good. 尽管这种薄膜的厚度只是普通纸张的一半，可是质量却相当好。 2 “减少”意义的动词+ by可译成“减少.”、“减少n1/n”或“减少到1/n”；减少意义的动词+ by a factor of可译成 “减少n1 / n”或“减少到1/n”；减少意义的动词+ to可译成“减少到.”。 e.g. The load resistance is reduced by a factor of 5. 负载阻抗减少到五分之一。 The

10、 company has reduced its work force from more than 15 000 to 10 000. 该公司将其工作人员从15 000多人裁减到10 000人。Unit 21. 宪法规定公民享有言论自由。(provide for)Answer: The Constitution provides for citizens freedom of speech.2. 我们在如何养育孩子的问题上有截然不同的看法，因此常发生争吵。(grow out of; bring up)Answer: Our constant quarrels grew out of the

11、diverse ideas on how to bring up children.3. 我们早在会阅读之前就已经掌握了一些词汇。(long before)Answer: We have learned some words long before we can read.4. 很多中国家长认为孩子越早上学越好。(the more . the more)Answer: Many Chinese parents think that the earlier children go to school, the better.5. 新税法不是要惩罚富人，而是要给穷人以公平和机会。(rather)A

12、nswer: The new tax law is not to punish the rich. Rather it is to bring justice and opportunity to the poor1.要得到任何类似的关于你申请状态的准确信息都是极不寻常的。Answer: It is extremely unusual to get anything resembling accurate information about the status of your application.2.法律面前人人平等是被认为理所当然的。Answer: It is taken for gr

13、anted that everyone is equal before the law.3.在美国餐馆吃饭、住宾馆、乘出租车时如何付小费是非常复杂的。Answer: There is nothing more complicated than that about Americans tipping, eating in restaurants, living in hotels or taking a taxi.4.你一定见过那些被称为鹰的大鸟是如何在地面或者大树之上捕获猎物的。Answer: You must have seen these large birds called eagle

14、s, feasting on their prey, either on the ground, or high up on tree tops.5.专家们毫不怀疑，这些药物将在加强我国应对艾滋病毒和艾滋病方面大有帮助。Answer: Experts have no doubt that these drugs will go a long way in further strengthening our national response to HIV and AIDS.数量词的翻译 (Numbers)数词的翻译英汉两种语言表示数量的方法时有不同，翻译中不仅需要仔细推敲如何表达，有时还需要进

15、行换算。例如： 1. ten thousand: 万 one hundred thousand: 十万one hundred million: 亿 one billion: 十亿 ten billion: 百亿； 2. hundreds of: 数百 thousands of: 成千上万 tens of thousands of: 千千万万 millions of: 数百万；千百万 millions of millions of: 亿万与此相类似的还有一些表示数量的名词： decades: 几十 (年) scores: 好几十；大量 dozens: 数打，数十 。 量词的翻译1. 度量衡单位词

16、的翻译：直接将量词译为对应的汉语。例如： ton: 吨 gram: 克 foot: 英尺 inch: 英寸2.普通名词作量词则应按语境来译，必须符合汉语的表达习惯。例如： a piece of news: 一则消息 a colony of ants: 一窝蚂蚁 a cake of soap: 一块肥皂3. 翻译时增加量词。例如： a chair: 一把椅子 a horse: 一匹马 a tree: 一棵树 A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。Unit 31. 你应该及时掐掉凋谢的花朵。(pluck off)Answ

17、er: You should pluck off the dead fl owers in time.2. 我认为你所说的实在算不上一个答案。(qualify as)Answer: I dont think what you said really qualifi es as an answer.3. 我们的喊声在寂静的大街上回荡。(echo)Answer: Our shouts echoed through the silent streets.4. 毫无疑问，他的成绩提高了，他又重新燃起了对学习的兴趣。(revive)Answer: There is no doubt that his g

18、rades have improved and his interest in learning has revived.5. 史密斯夫妇已经向离婚法院正式申请离婚。(file for)Answer: The Smiths have fi led for divorce in the divorce court.1.这自然是一种完全可笑的幻想。我根本不想当什么大(tycoon)，也根本看不起大款。 Answer: It is of course a ridiculous fancy. Being a tycoon is the last thing I imagine and also a t

19、hing I utterly despise.2.研究人员说，在家里承受压力的孩子会在课堂上捅娄子，这会损害全班学生的学习能力。Answer: The researchers say that children under stress at home can cause problems in the classroom, which ultimately hurts all the students ability to learn.3. 医学杂志上的一份研究报告回应了金融危机会带来医疗灾难的警告，说有迹象表明，心理健康问题和自杀行为急剧增加。Answer: A study in the

20、medical journal echoes the warning of an impending health catastrophe brought about by the financial crisis, saying there are signs of a sharp rise in mental health problems and suicide.4.当学生为了获得一个超过他们应得成绩的更好分数而作弊时，他们其实就在学习养成欺骗和不诚实的生活习惯。Answer: When pupils are practicing cheating for the purpose of

21、obtaining better school marks than they deserve, they are surely training themselves for lives of deceit and dishonesty.5.如果没有交通规则，人们如何在公路上开小轿车、大巴或其他交通工具？Answer: Would people be able to drive a car, a bus and any other vehicle on the roadway if there were no traffic regulations?否定句的翻译 (Negatives)The

22、 use of negatives in English is very flexible and delicate. The following tips will help you to handle the translation.1 否定成分的转移 The object did not move because I pushed on it. 这物体不是因为我推了才移动的。（原文否定谓语，译文否定状语。）2 形式否定 Nobody could be too foolish this day. 在这天，你怎么出洋相都不过分。3 双重否定 Without substance, there

23、could be no force. 没有物质就没有重力。（译成双重否定） She is not a little interested in computer games. 她对计算机游戏有浓厚兴趣。（译成肯定句）4 部分否定 Everything is not straightened out. 并非每一个问题都弄清楚了。5 强调否定 The outcome of the experiment was not half bad. 实验结果相当好。6 含蓄否定 The report lacks detail. 报告不够详尽。（否定包含在英语动词中）Unit 41. 我爷爷虽然70岁了，但他的

24、爱好广泛，从下国际象棋到爬山，多种多样。(range from . to)Answer: My grandfathers interests range from playing chess to climbing mountains although he is 70 years old.2. 真奇怪，汤姆的奶奶都80岁了还玩玩具娃娃。(surprisingly)Answer: Surprisingly, Toms grandmother plays with dolls at the age of 80.3. 他大公无私的精神和天赋使他适合担当大多数学生梦想得到的那项工作。(qualify

25、 for)Answer: His selflessness and talent qualify him for the job most students dream to get.4. 你如何解释他的那个怪梦？(interpretation)Answer: What interpretation would you put on his odd / strange dream?5. 我们老板刚买的新轿车一小时能行驶200公里。(be capable of)Answer: The brand-new car our boss has just bought is capable of mak

26、ing 200 kilometers an hour.1.正义不但必须要伸张，而且要让人看到正义得到了伸张。Answer: Justice must not only be done, but it must be seen to be done.2.发展的主要障碍是国家欠下的巨额外债。Answer: The main impediment to development is the countrys huge foreign debt.3.政治家夸夸其谈，但经常是言不由衷。Answer: Politicians say a lot but often failing to tell us w

27、hat they really mean.4.不要抱怨生活对你不公，因为生活根本就不知道你是谁。Answer: Dont complain that life is unfair to you because life simply does not know who you are.5.多元化产品的范围由一般电子组件至大型安装机器。Answer: Diversified products range from electronics components to assembly machinery.定语从句的翻译 (Relative Clauses)常见的定语从句翻译方法有两种：合译法和分译

28、法。1 合译法：把定语从句译成汉语的“的”字结构，放在被修饰词的前面，从而把英语的主句和定语从句合译成一个汉语单句。1) This is the scientist who just returned from the North Pole.这是刚从北极归来的科学家。2) The sun, which had hidden in the cloud all day, now came out in its entire splendor. 整天躲在云层里的太阳，现在又光芒四射地露面了。3) Without rubber there would be no such automobiles as

29、 we have today.如果没有橡胶，就不会有今天这样的汽车。2 分译法：将定语从句与主句分开，译成并列分句。1) I knew that Mary would tell the story to her mother, who would probably tell it to John.我知道玛丽准会把这件事告诉她的妈妈，她妈妈多半又会把这事说给约翰听。2) They worked out a new method by which production has now been rapidly increased.他们找到了一种新方法，采用该方法之后产量已迅速提高。3) Machi

30、ne tools have various uses, one of which is to make holes in metal.机床有各种用途，其中之一是给金属钻孔。Unit 51. 产品广告中的说明必须符合产品的实际质量。(conform to)Answer: The explanation in the advertisement of the product must conform to its actual quality.2. 新的见解有望为我们探索应对这种情况的新方法铺平道路。(pave the way for)Answer: New insights will hopef

31、ully pave the way for us to explore new ways of treating this condition.3. 谚语来源于生活，是一个民族的语言和文化的浓缩和体现。(derive from)Answer: Proverbs, which derive from life, are the condensation and embodiment of the language and culture of a nation.4. 这段情感关系一直困扰着她，而且不见尽头。(haunt)Answer: The emotional relationship has been haunting her with no end in sight.5. 应当承认，很难判定这件独特商品的合适价格。(discern)Answer: Admittedly,