78个高中重要英语知识点.docx

1、78个高中重要英语知识点 1. it强调句 强调句的基本构成:it is / was +被强调部分+ who/that +剩余部分 原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用it is .that / who. 如原句的谓语动词是过去时态,则用it was.that/who. 强调时间,地点,原因或方式时不要用when, where, how,必须用that. (1)i saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. it was i who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon. (2)when did you s

2、ee him in the street? when was it that you saw him in the street? (3)who did you see in the street yesterday? who was it that you saw in the street yesterday? (4)he didnt go to bed until his mother came back. it was not until his mother came back that he went to bed. (5) i dont know when he will com

3、e back. i dont know when it is that he will come back. (6) it is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him. only when you nearly lose someone, you fully realize how much you value him. (7)it wasnt until his father came back from work that he got down to doing hi

4、s homework. (8) it was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour, i was late again. 2.before. (1).没来得及就 the roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby. 他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来,房顶就塌了. he ran off before i could stop him. to my great disappointment , my favorite singer

5、left the concert before i could have a word with him. (2).过了多久才怎么样,动作进行到什么程度才怎样 they walked about thirty miles to the west before they saw a village. they worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal. three years passed before i knew it. 3.it was +时间段 + before.过了多久才.; i

6、t was not long before 不久就 it will ( not ) be + 时间段 + before 要过多久 ( 不久).才. eg. it was not long before he sensed the danger of the position. it was three years before he came back. it will be half a year before you graduate from this school. 4. no sooner than= hardlywhen一就.,刚刚就 no sooner / hardly +过去完

7、成时,than / when +一般过去时 如果no sooner, hardly位于句首,主句要倒装. he had hardly sat down to have a rest when the door bell rang and in came allan. no sooner had he got off the train than his daughter ran towards him. hardly had we arrived when she started crying to go home. 5. once一旦.,表示时间和条件 once you understand

8、 this rule, you will have no further difficulty. once you have decided to do something, you should do it well. once you enter the chemistry lab, you should follow the teachers instructions. 6. since 自从.以来 since引导的从句不论是延续性或非延续性动词,都表示的是动作或状态的完成或结束. 注意一下句子翻译: since he lived in nanjing, i have not heard

9、 from him. (= since he left nanjing) 自从他离开南京以来,我没有收到过他的信. since she was in yangzhou, she has kept in touch with her former friends. ( since she left yangzhou) 她离开扬州以来,一直同过去的朋友保持着联系. 对比: 1). i have never seen him since he was ill. 他病好后,我就再也没有见到他. 2). i have never seen him since he fell ill. 他生病以后我就再也

10、没有见过他. it is / ( has been ) + 时间段 + since + 过去式 it is / has been two years since his father died. = his father has been dead for two years. = his father died two years ago. 他的父亲去世两年了. it has been 8 years since i graduated from university. = i graduated from university 8 years ago. it is 3 years sinc

11、e he smoked. 他三年不吸烟了.(即,从句动词延续性的,译成否定意义;从句动词非延续性的,译成肯定意义.) it is 3 years since he left school.-他毕业三年了. 7.until直到时候; notuntil直到才 you are to stay here until / till your mother comes back. the meeting was put off until ten oclock. not until we watched the earth day program on tv did we know much about

12、global warning. = we did not know much about global warning until we watched the earth day program. = it was not until we watched the earth day program on tv that we knew much about global warming. not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games. 8.

13、 when引导并列分句, “当时,突然”,强调另一动作的突然发生. one day chuck was on a flight across the pacific ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. chuck survived the crash and landed on a deserted island. i was walking along the river when i heard a drowning boy crying for help. i was about to leave when it began to rain. 对

14、比: a: i was walking along the street when i caught sight of a tailors shop. I was walking along the streets. just at that moment i caught sight of a tailors shop. 9. while = although尽管 while i admit that the problem is difficult, i dont think that it cant be solved. while i admit his good points, i

15、can see his shortcomings. while i was angry with her, i didnt lose my temper. 10. where地点状语 you should put the book where it was. persistent people begin their success where others end in failure. where there is a will, there is a way. where men are greedy, there is never peace. go where you should,

16、 keep on studying. 11. as引导的行为方式状语从句. please do exactly as your doctor says. you must do the exercises just as i show you as it is = as things are照现在的情形看 he promised to study hard, but as it is , he does no better than before. leave the house as it is. id like to buy it as it is. 12. as if ( as thou

17、gh )好像 he looked at me as if i were mad. he was in great trouble, but he acted if / though nothing had happened. although they just met for the first time, they talked as if they had been friends for many years. there many black clouds in the sky. it looks as if it is going to rain. 13. though, alth

18、ough, as “虽然”,引导让步状语从句. although位于句首; though 位于句首或句中;as位于句中= though = that, 它的词序是把句中强调的形容词,副词,动词或名词放在连词前. 注意观察下列句式变化: although / though im young, i already know what career i want to follow. = young as / though / that i am, i already know what career i want to follow. although i respect him very muc

19、h, i can not agree with his idea. = much as / that / though i respect him, i can not agree with his idea. although / though he is a child, he knows a lot of chinese characters. = child as / though / that he is , he knows a lot of chinese characters. although he tried, he couldnt solve the problem. =

20、 try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. although it is raining, i am going out for a walk. = raining as it is, i am going out for a walk. 14. even if = even though即使也;即便也 even if / though i have to sell my house, ill keep my business going. she wont attend such parties even though/ if she is

21、 invited. you are not stupid. even though/ if you were slow in study, you shouldnt give up studies. the boy was badly injured and died at last. even if he had been attended without delay, he couldnt have been saved. 15. whether or不管还是 whether the weather is good or bad, they will set off as they pla

22、nned. whether he drives or takes the train, he will be here on time. any person, whether young or old, has his worth, independent of achievements, bank accounts or looks. 16.疑问词+ ever whatever ,whoever, whichever, whenever, wherever, whoever均引导让步状语从句,相当于no matter 与what, who, which, when, where, how连

23、用. whatever ( = no matter what ) may happen, we shall not lose hope. whoever / no matter who comes, he will be welcome. whenever / no matter when it happened, it was certainly not yesterday. wherever / no matter where he went, he made friends with people. 17. unless除非,如果不 (= ifnot) i shall go tomorr

24、ow unless it rains. shall tom go and play football? not unless he has finished his homework. unless the sun were to rise in the west, i wouldnt break my word. i wont attend his birthday party unless invited (= unless i am invited) 18. as/so long as只要 so /as long as you keep on trying, you will surel

25、y succeed. so/ as long as you stick to your plans for your study, you are sure to make great progress. what are you going to do this afternoon? i will probably go for a walk later on so long as it stays fine. 19. supposing/ suppose (that)假定;假如 suppose/ supposing (that) i dont have a day off, what sh

26、all we do? suppose x equals to y, then you can work out the result. providing/ provided (that) = on condition that 假如, 在条件下 ill lend you the money on condition that you can return it in three months. ill go providing/ provided that my expenses are paid. 20. given (that) = take .into consideration鉴于,

27、考虑到 given the governments record on unemployment, their chances of winning the election look poor. given their interest in children/ given that she is interested in children, i am sure teaching is the right career for her. granted that的确 granted that its a splendid car, but have you seen what it cos

28、ts? 21. in case that万一;以防; in case of + n万一 in case (that) john comes/ should come, please tell him to wait. (in case that 后谓语用一般现在时或should +动词原型) please remind me about it in case i forget / should forget. please take my umbrella in case (that) it rains/ should rain. in case of fire, what should we

29、 do? 22.祈使句(表条件)+ or else/ or / otherwise+主句(表结果).否则,要不然. please call me up before you come, otherwise/ or else/ or we might be out. hurry up, or you will be late. 祈使句(表条件)+ and + 主句(表结果) give him an inch and he will take a mile. be united and cooperate with each other and only in this way can we sa

30、ve our earth. 23. as(so)as和一样 henry is as good a player as peter (is). he worked as fast as a skilled worker (did). we will give you as much help as we can. 24.形容词/副词比较级+than 注意: 形容词和副词的比较级前还可以加一个表示程度的修饰语,常用的修饰语是: (1).a little, a bit, slightly稍微;一些 (2). much, a lot, greatly, a great deal, far, by fa

31、r.得多 (3). still, even, rather 更 (4). any一般用于疑问句,表示 一些”; “稍微” (5). 倍数或数量词. this text is a little (a bit) more difficult than the other. he has made far greater progress this term than he did last term. with the development of society, people in china are a good deal richer than before. he is two years older than = he is older than i by two years. asia is three times larger than europe. =asia is three times as large as europe. =asia is three times the size of europe. 还应注意,当more 作为many, much 的比较级时,其修饰语分别是 (1).many, a few, + more + 可数名词复数 (2)much, a little , a bit, a great de