78个高中重要英语知识点.docx

78个高中重要英语知识点.docx

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78个高中重要英语知识点

1.it强调句强调句的基本构成:

itis/was+被强调部分+who/that+剩余部分

原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用itis….that/who….

如原句的谓语动词是过去时态,则用itwas….that/who….

强调时间,地点,原因或方式时不要用when,where,how,必须用that.

（1）isawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.

—itwasiwhosawhiminthestreetyesterdayafternoon.

（2）whendidyouseehiminthestreet?

—whenwasitthatyousawhiminthestreet?

（3）whodidyouseeinthestreetyesterday?

—whowasitthatyousawinthestreetyesterday?

（4）hedidn’tgotobeduntilhismothercameback.

—itwasnotuntilhismothercamebackthathewenttobed.

（5）idon’tknowwhenhewillcomeback.

—idon’tknowwhenitisthathewillcomeback.

（6）itisonlywhenyounearlylosesomeonethatyoufullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.

—onlywhenyounearlylosesomeone,youfullyrealizehowmuchyouvaluehim.

（7）itwasn’tuntilhisfathercamebackfromworkthathegotdowntodoinghishomework.

（8）itwasbecausethetrafficwasveryheavyduringtherushhour,iwaslateagain.

2.….before….

（1）.没来得及…就…

therooffellbeforehehadtimetodashintotheroomtosavehisbaby.

他还没有来得及冲进房间把孩子就出来,房顶就塌了.

heranoffbeforeicouldstophim.

tomygreatdisappointment,myfavoritesingerlefttheconcertbeforeicouldhaveawordwithhim.

（2）.过了多久才怎么样,动作进行到什么程度才怎样

theywalkedaboutthirtymilestothewestbeforetheysawavillage.

theyworkeddayandnightaboutthreedaysbeforeeverythingreturnedtonormal.

threeyearspassedbeforeiknewit.

3.itwas+时间段+before….过了多久才….;itwasnotlongbefore…不久就…

itwill（not）be+时间段+before…要过多久（不久）…..才…..

eg.itwasnotlongbeforehesensedthedangeroftheposition.

itwasthreeyearsbeforehecameback.

itwillbehalfayearbeforeyougraduatefromthisschool.

4.nosooner…than…=hardly…when…一…就….,刚刚…就…nosooner/hardly+过去完成时,than/when+一般过去时

如果nosooner,hardly位于句首,主句要倒装.

hehadhardlysatdowntohavearestwhenthedoorbellrangandincameallan.

nosoonerhadhegotoffthetrainthanhisdaughterrantowardshim.

hardlyhadwearrivedwhenshestartedcryingtogohome.

5.once一旦….,表示时间和条件onceyouunderstandthisrule,youwillhavenofurtherdifficulty.

onceyouhavedecidedtodosomething,youshoulddoitwell.

onceyouenterthechemistrylab,youshouldfollowtheteacher’sinstructions.

6.since…自从….以来since引导的从句不论是延续性或非延续性动词,都表示的是动作或状态的完成或结束.

注意一下句子翻译:

sincehelivedinnanjing,ihavenotheardfromhim.（=sinceheleftnanjing…）

自从他离开南京以来,我没有收到过他的信.

sinceshewasinyangzhou,shehaskeptintouchwithherformerfriends.（sincesheleftyangzhou…）

她离开扬州以来,一直同过去的朋友保持着联系.

对比:

1）.ihaveneverseenhimsincehewasill.

他病好后,我就再也没有见到他.

2）.ihaveneverseenhimsincehefellill.

他生病以后我就再也没有见过他.

itis/（hasbeen）+时间段+since+过去式

itis/hasbeentwoyearssincehisfatherdied.

=hisfatherhasbeendeadfortwoyears.=hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago.

他的父亲去世两年了.

ithasbeen8yearssinceigraduatedfromuniversity.

=igraduatedfromuniversity8yearsago.

itis3yearssincehesmoked.他三年不吸烟了.（即,从句动词延续性的,译成否定意义;从句动词非延续性的,译成肯定意义.）

itis3yearssinceheleftschool.-----他毕业三年了.

7….until…直到…时候;not…until…直到…才…youaretostayhereuntil/tillyourmothercomesback.

themeetingwasputoffuntilteno’clock.

notuntilwewatchedtheearthdayprogramontvdidweknowmuchaboutglobalwarning.

=wedidnotknowmuchaboutglobalwarninguntilwewatchedtheearthdayprogram.

=itwasnotuntilwewatchedtheearthdayprogramontvthatweknewmuchaboutglobalwarming.

notuntilhefailedintheexamdidherealizethathehadwastedmuchtimeplayingcomputergames.

8.…when…引导并列分句,“当时,突然”,强调另一动作的突然发生.onedaychuckwasonaflightacrossthepacificoceanwhensuddenlyhisplanecrashed.chucksurvivedthecrashandlandedonadesertedisland.

iwaswalkingalongtheriverwheniheardadrowningboycryingforhelp.

iwasabouttoleavewhenitbegantorain.

对比:

a:

iwaswalkingalongthestreetwhenicaughtsightofatailor’sshop.

Iwaswalkingalongthestreets.justatthatmomenticaughtsightofatailor’sshop.

9.while=although尽管whileiadmitthattheproblemisdifficult,idon’tthinkthatitcan’tbesolved.

whileiadmithisgoodpoints,icanseehisshortcomings.

whileiwasangrywithher,ididn’tlosemytemper.

10.where地点状语youshouldputthebookwhereitwas.

persistentpeoplebegintheirsuccesswhereothersendinfailure.

wherethereisawill,thereisaway.

wheremenaregreedy,thereisneverpeace.

gowhereyoushould,keeponstudying.

11.as引导的行为方式状语从句.pleasedoexactlyasyourdoctorsays.

youmustdotheexercisesjustasishowyou

asitis=asthingsare照现在的情形看

hepromisedtostudyhard,butasitis,hedoesnobetterthanbefore.

leavethehouseasitis.i’dliketobuyitasitis.

12.asif（asthough）好像helookedatmeasifiweremad.

hewasingreattrouble,butheactedif/thoughnothinghadhappened.

althoughtheyjustmetforthefirsttime,theytalkedasiftheyhadbeenfriendsformanyyears.

theremanyblackcloudsinthesky.itlooksasifitisgoingtorain.

13.though,although,as“虽然”,引导让步状语从句.although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though=that,它的词序是把句中强调的形容词,副词,动词或名词放在连词前.注意观察下列句式变化:

although/thoughi’myoung,ialreadyknowwhatcareeriwanttofollow.

=youngas/though/thatiam,ialreadyknowwhatcareeriwanttofollow.

althoughirespecthimverymuch,icannotagreewithhisidea.

=muchas/that/thoughirespecthim,icannotagreewithhisidea.

although/thoughheisachild,heknowsalotofchinesecharacters.

=childas/though/thatheis,heknowsalotofchinesecharacters.

althoughhetried,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.

=tryashemight,hecouldn’tsolvetheproblem.

althoughitisraining,iamgoingoutforawalk.

=rainingasitis,iamgoingoutforawalk.

14.evenif=eventhough即使…也…;即便…也…evenif/thoughihavetosellmyhouse,i’llkeepmybusinessgoing.

shewon’tattendsuchpartieseventhough/ifsheisinvited.

youarenotstupid.eventhough/ifyouwereslowinstudy,youshouldn’tgiveupstudies.

theboywasbadlyinjuredanddiedatlast.evenifhehadbeenattendedwithoutdelay,hecouldn’thavebeensaved.

15.whether…or…不管…还是…whethertheweatherisgoodorbad,theywillsetoffastheyplanned.

whetherhedrivesortakesthetrain,hewillbehereontime.

anyperson,whetheryoungorold,hashisworth,independentofachievements,bankaccountsorlooks.

16.疑问词+everwhatever,whoever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whoever均引导让步状语从句,相当于nomatter与what,who,which,when,where,how连用.

whatever（=nomatterwhat）mayhappen,weshallnotlosehope.

whoever/nomatterwhocomes,hewillbewelcome.

whenever/nomatterwhenithappened,itwascertainlynotyesterday.

wherever/nomatterwherehewent,hemadefriendswithpeople.

17.unless除非,如果不（=if…not）ishallgotomorrowunlessitrains.

—shalltomgoandplayfootball?

—notunlesshehasfinishedhishomework.

unlessthesunweretoriseinthewest,iwouldn’tbreakmyword.

iwon’tattendhisbirthdaypartyunlessinvited（=unlessiaminvited）

18.as/solongas只要so/aslongasyoukeepontrying,youwillsurelysucceed.

so/aslongasyousticktoyourplansforyourstudy,youaresuretomakegreatprogress.

—whatareyougoingtodothisafternoon?

—iwillprobablygoforawalklateronsolongasitstaysfine.

19.supposing/suppose（that）假定;假如suppose/supposing（that）idon’thaveadayoff,whatshallwedo?

supposexequalstoy,thenyoucanworkouttheresult.

providing/provided（that）=onconditionthat假如,在…条件下

i’lllendyouthemoneyonconditionthatyoucanreturnitinthreemonths.

i’llgoproviding/providedthatmyexpensesarepaid.

20.given（that）…=take….intoconsideration鉴于,考虑到giventhegovernment’srecordonunemployment,theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.

giventheirinterestinchildren/giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren,iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.

grantedthat的确

grantedthatit’sasplendidcar,buthaveyouseenwhatitcosts?

21.incasethat…万一;以防;incaseof+n万一incase（that）johncomes/shouldcome,pleasetellhimtowait.

（incasethat后谓语用一般现在时或should+动词原型）

pleaseremindmeaboutitincaseiforget/shouldforget.

pleasetakemyumbrellaincase（that）itrains/shouldrain.

incaseoffire,whatshouldwedo?

22.祈使句（表条件）+orelse/or/otherwise+主句（表结果）….否则…,要不然….pleasecallmeupbeforeyoucome,otherwise/orelse/orwemightbeout.

hurryup,oryouwillbelate.

祈使句（表条件）+and+主句（表结果）

givehimaninchandhewilltakeamile.

beunitedandcooperatewitheachotherandonlyinthiswaycanwesaveourearth.

23.as（so）…as…和…一样henryisasgoodaplayeraspeter（is）.

heworkedasfastasaskilledworker（did）.

wewillgiveyouasmuchhelpaswecan.

24.形容词/副词比较级+than注意:

形容词和副词的比较级前还可以加一个表示程度的修饰语,常用的修饰语是:

（1）.alittle,abit,slightly稍微;一些

（2）.much,alot,greatly,agreatdeal,far,byfar….得多

（3）.still,even,rather更

（4）.any一般用于疑问句,表示‘一些”;“稍微”

（5）.倍数或数量词.

thistextisalittle（abit）moredifficultthantheother.

hehasmadefargreaterprogressthistermthanhedidlastterm.

withthedevelopmentofsociety,peopleinchinaareagooddealricherthanbefore.

heistwoyearsolderthan=heisolderthanibytwoyears.

asiaisthreetimeslargerthaneurope.

=asiaisthreetimesaslargeaseurope.

=asiaisthreetimesthesizeofeurope.

还应注意,当more作为many,much的比较级时,其修饰语分别是

（1）.many,afew,+more+可数名词复数

（2）much,alittle,abit,agreatde