六级快速阅读 常设题处2.docx

1、六级快速阅读 常设题处2六级阅读快速阅读Lecture 2 读时留意常设题处学会在略读时识别常设题处，以此来提高阅读效果，明确做题时应该重点留意何处。如何在略读的过程中既了解文章的结构和主题，同时又能对常设题处进行重点留意，由此达到一举两得、一箭双雕的目的？要想回答这个问题，考生就需要了解并熟知快速阅读文章中哪些内容常被作为设题处。一、人名、地名、组织机构等其他专有名词处 略读时需特别注意第一次出现的人名、地名、组织机构等专有名词处。这些地方一般被作者用来证明或论述其主题，与主题息息相关，故受到出题人的青睐。【真题示例1】（10-12）【原文】By 1994 the World Bank ha

2、d noticed that something big was happening. In a report entitled “Averting the Old Age Crisis”, it argued that pension arrangements in most countries were unsustainable.【题目】1. In its 1994 report, the World Bank argued that the current pension system in most countries could .A not be sustained in the

3、 long termB further accelerate the ageing processC hardly halt the growth of populationD help tide over the current ageing crisis【解析】 选A。就专有名词处设题。根据题干中的report，the World Bank argued that，in most countries将本题出处定位到第1段末句。题干中的the World Bank argued countries对应该句的it argued countries（it指代上句提到的the World Bank

4、），could not be sustained in the long term（从长远来看无法维持）是对该句unsustainable（不可持续的）的同义转述，故答案为A。【真题示例2】 (07-12)【原文】On Jan.10, the European Union unveiled a plan to cut energy use across the continent by 20 percent by2020. 【题目】2. What does the European Union plan to do?A Diversify energy supply.B Cut energy

5、consumption.C Reduce carbon emissions.D Raise production efficiency.【解析】 选B 。本题在第一次出现的机构名称处设题。原文与答案之间只进行了简单的同义转述，即use同义转述成consumption。二、并列、递进、转折处并列、递进、转折处往往是作者想表达的重要内容。考生在略读文章时，应重点留意出现and，or，but，however，even，not onlybut also，notbut，on the other hand等表示并列、递进或转折关系的标志性词语的地方。【真题示例】(10-06)【原文】“But there

6、had always been these things in the back of my mind questioning whether I really can be who I want. It was like a shadow, following me around saying you can only go so far.” 【题目】2. Before the election, Erin White had been haunted by the question of whether . A she could obtain her MBA degreeB she co

7、uld go as far as she wanted in lifeC she was overshadowed by her white peersD she was really an achiever as a student【解析】 选B。就转折处设题。根据题干中的question of whether将本题出处定位到第二段第二句。题干中的Eric White had been haunted by(Eric White一直被所困扰)对应该句的there had always been these things in the back of my mind(我的脑海里一直在想这些事情

8、)。B是对I really can be who I want的同义转述，故为答案。三、条件、因果、比较等逻辑关系处分析近几年的真题可以发现，条件、因果、比较等逻辑关系处经常设题。故而在略读原文时要留意各种逻辑关系词。表示明显逻辑关系的词或短语有：because, because of, for, since, as, thus, so, therefore, due to, owing to, as a result, result from, result in, cause, reason, result, consequence, consequently, in consequenc

9、e, in order that, so that, if, unless, as if (though), although等。表示不太明显的逻辑关系的词或短语有：originate from, lead to, attribute to, derive from, base, basis, have sth to do with/have a bearing on(与有关)等。但需要注意的是，题干或选项可能会对原文中逻辑关系进行转换，因此在做题时要多方面考虑。【真题示例1】(09-06)【原文】As if keeping kids under lock and key and cell p

10、hone and careful watch is the right way torear kids. It s not. It s debilita ting (使虚弱)for us and for them. 【题目】2. Lenore Skenazy believes that keeping kids under careful watch .A hinders their healthy growth B adds too much to parents expensesC shows traditional parental caution D bucks the latest

11、parenting trend【解析】 选A。就as if句及特殊标点符号（破折号）处设题。如果略读时能重点留意该处，那么可节约解题时间。题干意为：好像只有严密地监管孩子，把他们时刻置于我们的电话和看护之下才是养育孩子的正确方法。其实不然。这是在耗费我们的精力，不利于孩子的健康成长。 A中的hindershealthy growth（阻碍的健康成长）是对文中debilitating的同义转述，故为答案。【真题示例2】(07-12)【原文】The most advanced insulation follows the law of increasing returns: if you add

12、enough, you can scale down or even eliminate heat ing and air conditioning equipment, lowering costs even before you start saving on utility bills.【题目】3. If you add enough insulation to your house, you may be able to .A improve your work environmentB cut your utility bills by halfC get rid of air co

13、nditionersD enjoy much better health【解析】 选C 。就条件句处设题。略读时重点留意if句。原文提到“如果你采取足够的保温措施，你就能减少或取消暖气和空调设备的使用，从而降低成本”，其中的eliminate同义转述为C项中的get rid of，故答案为C。四、举例或例举处作者经常会使用举例或列举的方法来论证观点或说明事实，所以在略读时，要留意原文中出现as, such as, like, including, for example, for instance, takeas an example, First(ly), Second(ly), Third

14、(ly), Finally, On the one hand, on the other hand等表示举例或列举的标志性词语的地方。【真题示例】(09-06)【原文】Not exactly. New YorkCity, for instance, is safer than it s ever been; it s rank ed 136th in crime among all American cities.【题目】5. According to the author, New York City .A ranks high in road accidents B is much saf

15、er than beforeC ranks low in child mortality ratesD is less dangerous than small cities【解析】 选B。就举例处设题。文中提到：纽约市比以往更安全。much safer than before是对文中safer than it s ever been的同义转述，故答案为B。五、特殊标点符号处文章中经常会对某人或某事物进行解释或补充说明，有时是通过破折号、冒号等特殊标点引出，有时是通过定语从句或同位语从句引出，因此在略读原文时要重点留意这些地方，答案往往就在特殊标点之后，或在定位从句或同位语从句中。【真题示例】

16、(10-12)【原文】Governments in rich countries now accept that their pension and health care promises will soon become unaffordable, and many of them have embarked on reforms, but so far only timidly. That is not surprising: politicians with an eye on the next election will hardly rush to introduce unpopu

17、lar measures that may not bear fruit for years, perhaps decades.【题目】3. One reason why pension and health care reforms are slow in coming is that .A nobody is willing to sacrifice their own interests to tackle the problemB most people are against measures that will not bear fruit immediatelyC the pro

18、posed reforms will affect too many people s interestsD politicians are afraid of losing votes in the next election【解析】 选D。就解释说明处设题。根据题干中的pension and health care reforms将本题出处定位到第四段第二句。该句and后提到，很多政府已经开始了改革，但目前为止仍过于谨慎，题干中的pensioncoming与此对应。下句提到这（即上句所说的养老和医疗改革过于谨慎）并不令人惊讶，冒号后解释原因：关注下一届选举的政治家们几乎不会迅速地实施几年甚

19、至是十几年可能都看不到结果的不受欢迎的措施，D“政治家们担心下次选举时失去选票”是对该原因的同义转述，故为答案。六、数字信息处通过对历年真题的研究可以看出，时间、比例、人数、价格等数字信息处是快速阅读多项选择题最常见的设题处之一，答案一般都是原文中数字的再现或需要进行简单运算得出，其干扰项多为文中出现的数字。所以考生在略读的过程中要注意在数字信息处多停留几秒，以把握重点信息。【真题示例】(07-12)【原文】Forty percent of that powers old fashioned incandescent light bulbsa 19th Century technology t

20、hat wastes most of the power it consumes on unwanted heat.【题目】4. How much of the power consumed by incandescent bulbs is converted into light?A A small of portion.B Some 40 percent.C Almost half. D 75 to 80 percent.【解析】 选A。就数字信息处设题。本题是问incandescent bulbs(白炽灯泡)消耗的电力中有多少被转化成光能。文中说incandescent light bu

21、lbs所使用的技术将大部分电力都浪费在产生无用的热能上，由此可推知它所消耗的电力中只有a small of portion转化成光能。七、段落主题处在略读原文时，要特别留意那些在段首或段尾能概括或总结一段或几段的句子或句群。由于该句或句群具有高度概括性，故受到出题人的青睐。【真题示例】(07-12)【原文】Forget the old idea that conserving energy is a form of self denial riding bicycles, dimming the lights, and taking fewer showers. These days cons

22、er vation is all about efficiency: getting the same or better results from just a fraction of the energy.【题目】1. What is said to be the best way to conserve energy nowadays?A Raising efficiency. B Cutting unnecessary costs.C Finding alternative resources.D Sacrificing some personal comforts.【解析】 选A。就

23、段落主题处设题。本题是问目前保护能源最好的方式是什么。本段第二句为主题句：现在保护能源都与效率有关，结合冒号后面对其的解释可知，目前保护能源最好的方式是raising efficiency(提高效率)。45分钟练习Passage 1题材词数做题时间教育改革1334词15分钟Beating the Bubble TestHere are some of the things kids at Garfield/Franklin elementary in Muscatine, Iowa, no longer do: eagle watch on the Mississippi River, go

24、on field trips to the University of Iowa s Museum of Natural History and have two daily recesses. A sensible bargain has been struck: literacy first, canoe trips later. But there are more substantive losses too. Creative writing, social studies and computer work have all become occasional indulgence

25、s. Now that the standardized fill in the bubble test is the foundation upon which public schools restnow that a federal law called No Child Left Behind mandates that kids as young as 9 meet benchmarks in reading and math or jeopardize their schoolsreputationthere is little time for anything else.Fra

26、nklin is one of the new law s success stories. After landing on the Dreaded Schools in Need of Improvement list two years ago, the students and staff clawed their way off it. The percentage of fourth graders who passed the reading test rose from 58% to 74%; in math, proficiency went from 58% to 86%.

27、 Last year Franklin was removed from “the bad list,” as one child calls it. Through rote drills, one on one test talks and rigorous analysis of students weaknesses, Franklin has become a reluctant model for the rest of the nation. It has also become a very different place. The kids are better reader

28、s, mathematicians and test takers. But while Democratic presidential candidates have been lambasting(痛骂) the law s funding levels, Franklin s teachers talk of other things. They bemoan a loss of spontaneity, breadth and playproblems money won t fix. The trade off may be worth it, but it is important

29、 to acknowledge the costs. This is the story of an elementary schoolonce an uneven patchwork of lessons and projectsthat has been rationalized. Franklin began reforming itself before President George W. Bush signed No Child Left Behind in January 2002. The school, two 1950s era brick buildings in th

30、is old Mississippi River town on the eastern edge of Iowa, had been on a lower profile statewide watch list because of below average scores on the Iowa Test of Basic Skills. Then it was grandfathered onto the list of schools that failed under the new federal criteria. That public branding, along wit

31、h the threat of new sanctions, layered on the anxiety. “When Franklin was listed in the Des Moines (Iowa) Register as a failed school, it became a slap in the face,”says fourth grade teacher Randy Naber.A whole string of embarrassments followed. The school, which runs from pre K through fifth grade,

32、 had to tell parents that their children had the right to transfer elsewhere. Without improvement, Franklin would have had to offer free tutoring and bring in outside experts. After that, it could have been taken over by the state and the entire staff replaced.Teachers in Muscatine had become accustomed to low scores. About 40% of Fr