八年级英语下册知识点和练习.docx

1、八年级英语下册知识点和练习八年级英语下册第一单元知识点一. 重要词汇和句型1. live to be years old 活到 岁 Dogs can live to be fifteen years old . live to do sth. 活到能做某事 She lived to see her first grandchild (孙子) .2. be free (1) 免费的 Most children in the country study in free school . Heres a free ticket for you . ( 2 ) 空闲的 - Will you be fr

2、ee tomorrow ? -No , Im afraid Ill be busy all day .( 3 )自由的 Her life in the countryside is free and easy . freedom 名词, 自由 Everyone has freedom of speech ( 言论, 演讲 ) .3. use sth to do sth . 用某物做某事 We use pens to write . They use ladders to climb trees . be used to do sth. = be used for doing sth. 被用来做

3、某事 This knife is used to cut things .= This knife is used for cutting things. be used as sth. 被用作某物. This box is used as a table .4. agree 同意, 赞成, 反义词是disagree I asked him to help me and he agreed .Do you agree or disagree ?( 1 ) agree with sb. 同意某人的观点 意见看法Do you really agree with him ? ( 2 ) agree

4、to do sth . 同意做某事 We agree to plant trees together on Sunday . ( 3 ) agree + that 从句 同意, 认为 . She agreed that I was right . 5. “ in + 一段时间 ” 用于一般将来时, 表示 “ 多少时间之后, 或多少时间之内 ” Dinner will be ready in half an hour . Theyll be back in a few days .6. more , fewer , less more是many 和much 的比较级, 意思是 “ 更多” , 修

5、饰可数名词的复数或不可数名词.fewer是few 的比较级, 意思是 “ 更少” , 修饰可数名词的复数.less是little 的比较级, 意思是 “ 更少” , 修饰不可数名词 . more pollution fewer apples fewer people less money 7. little , a little , few , a few little表示 “ 少, 少得几乎没有 ” , 修饰不可数名词. few也表示 “ 少, 少得几乎没有 ” , 修饰可数名词的复数. a little 表示 “ 有一点点, 但数量不多 ” , 修饰不可数名词.a few也表示 “ 有一点

6、点, 但数量不多 ” , 修饰可数名词的复数. He often feels lonely , because he has few friends here .There is little milk in the fridge (冰箱 ). We have to buy some .-How soon will he be back ? - In a few days .There is a little water in the bottle , you can drink it .8. take + 冠词 + 交通工具= by +交通工具 “ 乘坐 ” I went to school

7、 by train = I took the train to school . You can take the no.2 bus to the supermarket .9. live in 住在某地, live with sb. 和某人住在一起 I live in Beijing with my parents .10. fall in love with sb. sth. 爱上某人 某物 The pretty girl fell in love with the hero . Many children fall in love with computer games.fall (1)

8、 跌倒 , 倒下 Danny fell in the snow . (2) 掉下, 落下 An apple fell from the tree . (3) ( 气温, 价格)下降 The temperature has suddenly fallen . (4) 用作系动词, 表示 “ 变得” , 后常接形容词asleep , ill 等作表语. She fell ill as soon as she got to London . He was just falling asleep when there was a knock at the door .(5) 用作名词, 意为 “ 秋天

9、 ” =autumn They will come here in fall .11. alone 和 lonely alone 副词, 意为 “ 单独的地, 独自地” = by oneself ,侧重于独自一人, 无同伴, 无其他人在场, 显得孤立无援.They next day he went to the forest alone by himself .We cant finish the work alone by ourselves . He was alone at home . lonely 形容词作表语, “ 孤独的, 寂寞的” , 强调人内心的孤独, 寂寞, 也可用作定语,

10、 修饰名词, 意为 “ 偏僻的, 荒凉的” He was taken to a lonely island . The old man lives in a lonely village .Mr smith lived in Beijing alone , but he never feels lonely .12. go + 动词ing 形式 go skating 去滑冰 go shopping 去购物 go fishing去钓鱼 go hiking去远足 go camping去野营 go climbing 去登山 go swimming 去游泳 go boating 去划船 go skii

11、ng 去划水13. do + some + 动词ing 形式 do some cleaning 大扫除 do some cooking 做饭 do some reading 阅读do some shopping购物 do some washing 洗衣服 14. on at the weekend = on at weekend 在周末15. dress 穿衣 dress up 打扮 dress sb. 给某人穿衣服 dress oneself 给自己穿衣服I want to go to the party . But I dont know how to dress .In the morn

12、ing , it always takes her a long time to dress up.She isnt old enough to dress herself . can you help me dress her ?put on , wear 与 dress put on 表示 “ 穿上” , 强调往身上穿衣时瞬间的动作wear 表示 “ 穿着” 强调穿上身后的状态dress 本身表示 “ 穿衣” , 其后不能跟表示服装的单词 He always wears a long coat in winter .Its cold outside . Put on your coat .

13、16. need to do sth 需要做某事 need doing sth= need to be done 需要做某事Its getting colder and colder . you need to wear warm clothes .He is tired . He needs to relax .The flowers need watering . = The flowers need to be watered .17. come true ( 希望等) 实现, 成为现实We believe our good wishes to her will come true .A

14、t last , his dream of coming to Beijing came true . come true 是不及物动词词组, 表示 “ ( 希望等) 实现, 成为现实 ”achieve是及物动词词组 , 表示 “ 实现 (希望, 梦想 ) ” He works hard to achieve his dreams . Hes sure his dreams will come true one day .18. a lot 和 a lot of a lot 代替不可数名词, 可作宾语或状语, 能修饰比较级.He learned a lot in the countryside

15、 .His wife will be a lot better than she is now .a lot of = lots of用于修饰可数名词或不可数名词. There are a lot of apples in the basket. There is a lot of water on the ground .19. help with sth. 帮助某人做某事 Help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 Help sb. ( to ) do sth. 帮助某人做某事 Help sb. with doing sth帮助某人做某事Can you help with the

16、 cleaning ? She will help with your English .He often helps me with my English .I am helping Lucy ( to ) learn to swimming these days .Can you help children with dancing ?20. There is are sb. doing sth . 有 正在做某事The traffic is busy . There are some cars coming and going .Look ! There is a girl crying

17、 under the tree .21. over and over again 一再地, 反复地He said it over and over again You need to remember some words over and over again .22. seem 系动词, “ 似乎, 好象, 看起来” . 后接名词, 形容词, 动词不定式作表语.It seems a lovely cat . They seemed happy today .You dont seem to like the idea . It seems like years since I last s

18、aw you . (1) seem to do sth. 好象做某事 She seems to like her new neighbor ( 2 ) It seems + that 从句 看起来 , 似乎. It seems that they will win the match . ( 3) it seem as if 看起来好象 , 似乎. It seems as if she was in a dream . 23. as much often soon careful as possible 尽可能多 经常 快 细心地24. possible的常用句型It is possible

19、for sb. to do sth . It is possible + that 从句I think it is possible for him to learn English well .I think it is possible that he can learn English well .二 . 一般将来时： 1一般将来时的用法： （1）以现在为基点，将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。常与表示将来的时间状语 tomorrow, next week , in a few days , in +一段时间等连用。其基本结构为： 肯定句：主语 + will + 动词原形 + 时间状

20、语 。 否定句：主语 + will + not + 动词原形 + 时间状语 。 疑问句：will + 主语 + 动词原形 + 时间状语 ？ They will leave for Shanghai next week . Will you be back in two days ? 当主语是I 或we 时，问句中用shall ，表示征求对方意见。 Where shall we meet tomorrow ? shall we go to the zoo ? (2) 表示计划、打算做某事，表示以决定的，很可能发生的事 。其基本结构为： 肯定句：主语 + be going to + 动词原形 +

21、时间状语 。 否定句：主语 + be + not going to+ 动词原形 + 时间状语 。 疑问句：be + 主语 + going to + 动词原形 + 时间状语 ？ What are you going to do next Sunday ? Im going to listen to music . Look at the clouds , there is going to be a storm . 2以下几种情况，只可用shall , will 表示将来，而不可用be going to 结构。 -表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意，或表示客气的邀请或命令时： Will you ple

22、ase lend me your bike ? -表示意愿时： we will help him if he asks us . -表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关： The sun will rise at 6: 30 tomorrow morning .3be doing 表示将来： 常用这种结构的动词有：go , come , leave , arrive , travel, move, meet, fly ,stay , start , begin 等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事。 We are leaving for London . She is going there

23、 tomorrow .4be about to + 动词原形 表示即将发生的动作, 意 为“ 很快, 马上” We are about to leave . 我们马上就走. be to + 动词原形 表示即将发生的动作或征求对方的意见: Are we to go on with this work ?我们继续 这项工作吗? The boy is to go to school tomorrow . 这个男孩明天要去工作.5用一般现在时表示将来的情况： -表示按规定或时间表预计发生的动作。 We are going to Changchun , our plane takes off at 8

24、: 00 . -当主句为一般将来时，在 if , as soon as , until , when 引导的状语从句中用一般 现在时代替一般将来时。 If it doesnt rain this afternoon , well have a football match .6根据例子， 和词组提示，构成类似对话。 What are you going to do tomorrow ? I am going to plant trees . Are you going to plant trees tomorrow ? Yes , I am . I am going to plant tree

25、s tomorrow . No, I am not . I am not going to plant trees tomorrow . 或 what will you do tomorrow ? I will plant trees tomorrow .Will you plant trees tomorrow ? Yes , I will plant trees tomorrow . No , I wont plant trees tomorrow .(1) Mr Zhang , play basketball , this afternoon .(2) Liu Mei , visit t

26、he Great Wall , next Sunday .(3) the Smiths , fly to England for a holiday , next month 一般将来时专项练习1. Youd better go to the station by bus , the train _ in half an hour . A. leaves B. would leave C. is leaving D. has left2.-Are you ready , Ann ? The concert is starting . -Yes , I _ . A. will come B. s

27、hall come C. am coming D. have come3.Remember to buy a newspaper when you go out . - Ok, I _ forget . A. cant B. wont C. dont D. mustnt4. Why dont you try on this jacket ? It _ nice on you . A. is looking B. looks C. will look D. has looked5. -Be careful when you cross the street . -Yes , I _ . A. w

28、ill B. do C. can D. am6. -Please dont tell anybody what I said . - Dont worry , I _ . A. wont B. wouldnt C. dont D. cant7. -We wont see Betty this evening .- Why not ? _ to the party ? A. Isnt she coming B. doesnt she come C. didnt she come D. hasnt she come8.- Remember not to do that again . - _ ,

29、I have learned my lessons .A. Yes, I will B. No , I wont C. Yes , I do D. No , I dont9. -You have left the light on . -Oh , so I have . _ and turn it off . A. Im going B. Ill go C. I go D. I would go10.-Write to me as soon as you arrive there . -I _ . A. must B. should C. will D. can三. there be 句型 (

30、一) 含义: 表示某地有某物(二) there be 句型的一般现在时 肯定句: 1. There is a picture on the wall . 2. There is some water in the bottle .3. There are some apples in the basket .4. There is a book and some pens on the desk .5. There are some pens and a book on the desk . 说明: 句子的主语是 单数名词或不可数名词, 用there is . 句子的主语是 复数名词 , 用 there are 句子中有两个以上 ( 含两个 ) 主语 , 由最靠近的主语决定 be 的形式. 否定句: 在is 和are 后面加 not . is not 缩写成isnt , are not 缩写成 arent Some 改 为 any 一般疑问句 : 把is 和are调到句首, Some 改 为 any . 句末问号.一般疑问句的回答: Yes , there is . No, there isnt .