八年级英语下册知识点和练习.docx

八年级英语下册知识点和练习.docx

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八年级英语下册知识点和练习

八年级英语下册第一单元知识点

一.重要词汇和句型

1.livetobe…yearsold活到……岁

Dogscanlivetobefifteenyearsold.

livetodosth.活到能做某事

Shelivedtoseeherfirstgrandchild（孙子）.

2.befree

（1）免费的Mostchildreninthecountrystudyinfreeschool.

Here’safreeticketforyou.

（2）空闲的--Willyoubefreetomorrow?

--No,I’mafraidI’llbebusyallday.

（3）自由的Herlifeinthecountrysideisfreeandeasy.

freedom名词,自由Everyonehasfreedomofspeech（言论,演讲）.

3.usesthtodosth.用某物做某事

Weusepenstowrite.Theyuseladderstoclimbtrees.

beusedtodosth.==beusedfordoingsth.被用来做某事

Thisknifeisusedtocutthings.==Thisknifeisusedforcuttingthings.

beusedassth.被用作某物.Thisboxisusedasatable.

4.agree同意,赞成,反义词是disagree

Iaskedhimtohelpmeandheagreed.

Doyouagreeordisagree?

（1）agreewithsb.同意某人的观点\意见\看法

Doyoureallyagreewithhim?

（2）agreetodosth.同意做某事

WeagreetoplanttreestogetheronSunday.

（3）agree+that从句同意……,认为…….

SheagreedthatIwasright.

5.“in+一段时间”用于一般将来时,表示“多少时间之后,或多少时间之内”

Dinnerwillbereadyinhalfanhour.

They’llbebackinafewdays.

6.more,fewer,less

more是many和much的比较级,意思是“更多”,修饰可数名词的复数或不可数名词.

fewer是few的比较级,意思是“更少”,修饰可数名词的复数.

less是little的比较级,意思是“更少”,修饰不可数名词.

morepollutionfewerapplesfewerpeoplelessmoney

7.little,alittle,few,afew

little表示“少,少得几乎没有”,修饰不可数名词.

few也表示“少,少得几乎没有”,修饰可数名词的复数.

alittle表示“有一点点,但数量不多”,修饰不可数名词.

afew也表示“有一点点,但数量不多”,修饰可数名词的复数.

Heoftenfeelslonely,becausehehasfewfriendshere.

Thereislittlemilkinthefridge（冰箱）.Wehavetobuysome.

---Howsoonwillhebeback?

---Inafewdays.

Thereisalittlewaterinthebottle,youcandrinkit.

8.take+冠词+交通工具==by+交通工具“乘坐……”

Iwenttoschoolbytrain==Itookthetraintoschool.

Youcantaketheno.2bustothesupermarket.

9.livein住在某地,livewithsb.和某人住在一起

IliveinBeijingwithmyparents.

10.fallinlovewithsb.\sth.爱上某人\某物

Theprettygirlfellinlovewiththehero.

Manychildrenfallinlovewithcomputergames.

fall

（1）跌倒,倒下Dannyfellinthesnow.

（2）掉下,落下Anapplefellfromthetree.

（3）（气温,价格）下降Thetemperaturehassuddenlyfallen.

（4）用作系动词,表示“变得……”,后常接形容词asleep,ill等作表语.

ShefellillassoonasshegottoLondon.

Hewasjustfallingasleepwhentherewasaknockatthedoor.

（5）用作名词,意为“秋天”==autumnTheywillcomehereinfall.

11.alone和lonely

alone副词,意为“单独的地,独自地”==byoneself,侧重于独自一人,无同伴,无其他人在场,显得孤立无援.

Theynextdayhewenttotheforestalone\byhimself.

Wecan’tfinishtheworkalone\byourselves.

Hewasaloneathome.

lonely形容词作表语,“孤独的,寂寞的”,强调人内心的孤独,寂寞,

也可用作定语,修饰名词,意为“偏僻的,荒凉的”

Hewastakentoalonelyisland.

Theoldmanlivesinalonelyvillage.

MrsmithlivedinBeijingalone,butheneverfeelslonely.

12.go+动词ing形式

goskating去滑冰goshopping去购物gofishing去钓鱼

gohiking去远足gocamping去野营goclimbing去登山

goswimming去游泳goboating去划船goskiing去划水

13.do+some+动词ing形式

dosomecleaning大扫除dosomecooking做饭dosomereading阅读

dosomeshopping购物dosomewashing洗衣服

14.on\attheweekend==on\atweekend在周末

15.dress穿衣dressup打扮dresssb.给某人穿衣服

dressoneself给自己穿衣服

Iwanttogototheparty.ButIdon’tknowhowtodress.

Inthemorning,italwaystakesheralongtimetodressup.

Sheisn’toldenoughtodressherself.canyouhelpmedressher?

puton,wear与dress

puton表示“穿上”,强调往身上穿衣时瞬间的动作

wear表示“穿着”强调穿上身后的状态

dress本身表示“穿衣”,其后不能跟表示服装的单词

Healwayswearsalongcoatinwinter.

It’scoldoutside.Putonyourcoat.

16.needtodosth需要做某事

needdoingsth==needtobedone需要做某事

It’sgettingcolderandcolder.youneedtowearwarmclothes.

Heistired.Heneedstorelax.

Theflowersneedwatering.==Theflowersneedtobewatered.

17.cometrue（希望等）实现,成为现实

Webelieveourgoodwishestoherwillcometrue.

Atlast,hisdreamofcomingtoBeijingcametrue.

cometrue是不及物动词词组,表示“（希望等）实现,成为现实”

achieve是及物动词词组,表示“实现（希望,梦想）”

Heworkshardtoachievehisdreams.He’ssurehisdreams

willcometrueoneday.

18.alot和alotof

alot代替不可数名词,可作宾语或状语,能修饰比较级.

Helearnedalotinthecountryside.

Hiswifewillbealotbetterthansheisnow.

alotof==lotsof用于修饰可数名词或不可数名词.

Therearealotofapplesinthebasket.

Thereisalotofwaterontheground.

19.helpwithsth.帮助某人做某事

Helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事

Helpsb.（to）dosth.帮助某人做某事

Helpsb.withdoingsth帮助某人做某事

Canyouhelpwiththecleaning?

ShewillhelpwithyourEnglish.

HeoftenhelpsmewithmyEnglish.

IamhelpingLucy（to）learntoswimmingthesedays.

Canyouhelpchildrenwithdancing?

20.Thereis\aresb.doingsth.有……正在做某事

Thetrafficisbusy.Therearesomecarscomingandgoing.

Look!

Thereisagirlcryingunderthetree.

21.overandoveragain一再地,反复地

Hesaiditoverandoveragain

Youneedtoremembersomewordsoverandoveragain.

22.seem系动词,“似乎,好象,看起来”.后接名词,形容词,动词不定式作表语.

Itseemsalovelycat.Theyseemedhappytoday.

Youdon’tseemtoliketheidea.

ItseemslikeyearssinceIlastsawyou.

（1）seemtodosth.好象做某事

Sheseemstolikehernewneighbor

（2）Itseems+that从句看起来……,似乎…….

Itseemsthattheywillwinthematch.

（3）itseemasif…看起来好象……,似乎…….

Itseemsasifshewasinadream.

23.asmuch\often\soon\carefulaspossible尽可能多\经常\快\细心地

24.possible的常用句型

Itispossibleforsb.todosth.

Itispossible+that从句

IthinkitispossibleforhimtolearnEnglishwell.

IthinkitispossiblethathecanlearnEnglishwell.

二.一般将来时：

1．一般将来时的用法：

（1）以现在为基点，将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。

常与表示将来的时间状语

tomorrow,nextweek,inafewdays,in+一段时间等连用。

其基本结构为：

肯定句：

主语+will+动词原形+时间状语。

否定句：

主语+will+not+动词原形+时间状语。

疑问句：

will+主语+动词原形+时间状语？

TheywillleaveforShanghainextweek.

Willyoubebackintwodays?

当主语是I或we时，问句中用shall，表示征求对方意见。

Whereshallwemeettomorrow?

shallwegotothezoo?

（2）表示计划、打算做某事，表示以决定的，很可能发生的事。

其基本结构为：

肯定句：

主语+begoingto+动词原形+时间状语。

否定句：

主语+be+notgoingto+动词原形+时间状语。

疑问句：

be+主语+goingto+动词原形+时间状语？

WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?

I’mgoingtolistentomusic.

Lookattheclouds,thereisgoingtobeastorm.

2．以下几种情况，只可用shall,will表示将来，而不可用begoingto结构。

----表示有礼貌地询问对方是否愿意，或表示客气的邀请或命令时：

Willyoupleaselendmeyourbike?

----表示意愿时：

wewillhelphimifheasksus.

-----表示单纯性的将来，与人的主观愿望和判断无关：

Thesunwillriseat6:

30tomorrowmorning.

3．bedoing表示将来：

常用这种结构的动词有：

go,come,leave,arrive,travel,move,meet,fly,

stay,start,begin等，表示即将发生或安排好要做的事。

WeareleavingforLondon.Sheisgoingtheretomorrow.

4．beaboutto+动词原形表示即将发生的动作,意为“很快,马上”

Weareabouttoleave.我们马上就走.

beto+动词原形表示即将发生的动作或征求对方的意见:

Arewetogoonwiththiswork?

我们继续这项工作吗?

Theboyistogotoschooltomorrow.这个男孩明天要去工作.

5．用一般现在时表示将来的情况：

-----表示按规定或时间表预计发生的动作。

WearegoingtoChangchun,ourplanetakesoffat8:

00.

----当主句为一般将来时，在if,assoonas,until,when引导的状语从句中用一般

现在时代替一般将来时。

Ifitdoesn’trainthisafternoon,we’llhaveafootballmatch.

6．根据例子，和词组提示，构成类似对话。

Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?

Iamgoingtoplanttrees.

Areyougoingtoplanttreestomorrow?

Yes,Iam.Iamgoingtoplanttreestomorrow.

No,Iamnot.Iamnotgoingtoplanttreestomorrow.

或whatwillyoudotomorrow?

Iwillplanttreestomorrow.

Willyouplanttreestomorrow?

Yes,Iwillplanttreestomorrow.\No,Iwon’tplanttreestomorrow.

（1）MrZhang,playbasketball,thisafternoon.

（2）LiuMei,visittheGreatWall,nextSunday.

（3）theSmiths,flytoEnglandforaholiday,nextmonth

一般将来时专项练习

1.You’dbettergotothestationbybus,thetrain_____inhalfanhour.

A.leavesB.wouldleaveC.isleavingD.hasleft

2.----Areyouready,Ann?

Theconcertisstarting.---Yes,I______.

A.willcomeB.shallcomeC.amcomingD.havecome

3.Remembertobuyanewspaperwhenyougoout.---Ok,I____forget.

A.can’tB.won’tC.don’tD.mustn’t

4.Whydon’tyoutryonthisjacket?

It___niceonyou.

A.islookingB.looksC.willlookD.haslooked

5.----Becarefulwhenyoucrossthestreet.----Yes,I_________.

A.willB.doC.canD.am

6.---Pleasedon’ttellanybodywhatIsaid.----Don’tworry,I______.

A.won’tB.wouldn’tC.don’tD.can’t

7.---Wewon’tseeBettythisevening.---Whynot?

_____totheparty?

A.Isn’tshecomingB.doesn’tshecome

C.didn’tshecomeD.hasn’tshecome

8.---Remembernottodothatagain.----______,Ihavelearnedmylessons.

A.Yes,IwillB.No,Iwon’tC.Yes,IdoD.No,Idon’t

9.---Youhaveleftthelighton.---Oh,soIhave.______andturnitoff.

A.I’mgoingB.I’llgoC.IgoD.Iwouldgo

10.---Writetomeassoonasyouarrivethere.----I_______.

A.mustB.shouldC.willD.can

三.therebe句型

（一）含义:

表示某地有某物

（二）therebe句型的一般现在时

肯定句:

1.Thereisapictureonthewall.

2.Thereissomewaterinthebottle.

3.Therearesomeapplesinthebasket.

4.Thereisabookandsomepensonthedesk.

5.Therearesomepensandabookonthedesk.

说明:

句子的主语是单数名词或不可数名词,用thereis.

句子的主语是复数名词,用thereare

句子中有两个以上（含两个）主语,由最靠近的主语决定be的形式.

否定句:

在is和are后面加not.isnot缩写成isn’t,arenot缩写成aren’t

Some改为any

一般疑问句:

把is和are调到句首,Some改为any.句末问号.

一般疑问句的回答:

Yes,thereis.\No,thereisn’t.