B级英语语法.docx

1、B级英语语法Part II Grammaer and structure一、题型简介 全国高等学校英语应用能力考试的语法结构部分由A 节和B 节两部分组成。共设20 道题。实际上包含词法和句法两大部分，测试内容主要有句法结构、词形变化、词类用法并着重动词用法。二、测试要点及解题技巧Section AI. 测试要点从近年对试卷的分析来看，语法结构A 节部分完全是测试考生对大纲中词汇和短语的理解、短语动词的搭配以及句型的辨认。对于高等职业教育、高等专科教育和成人高等教育的广大考生来讲，在词法部分应特别注意以下4 个方面的问题： 一是词类用法 二是时态语态用法 三是短语动词的搭配 四是固定句型。 I

2、I. 解题技巧1.仔细审查题干，判断测试点，如语法结构，习惯用语，固定搭配，近义近形词辨析和短语的使用等。2.依据题意，做出选择。3.将所选选项放入题干中，从句意和语法角度对所选选项进行检验，判断选择的正确性。Section BI. 测试要点 从近年对试卷的分析来看，语法结构B 节部分主要测试考生对大纲中所列单词的词形变化和转换的掌握以及对句型的掌握和组词造句的能力。因此，在句法部分应当养成3 个方面的敏感性： 一是对词形在不同上下文中变化和转换的敏感性； 二是对组词造句的敏感性； 三是对时态、语态、语气的敏感性。II. 解题技巧为了便于学生掌握解决词性变化和语法类问题的技巧，现通过图标将其解

3、题步骤展示如下： 三、考点突破与专项训练Section A考点解析I.词汇部分固定搭配 固定搭配主要考查学生对大纲词汇表中词汇及短语的意义，用法，搭配的辨认和运用能力。常见考点有：1）动词搭配 2）名词搭配 3） 形容词搭配 4）介词搭配【样题示例】（2004年6月）Dinner will be ready_ .Lets go and wash our hands .At all B. at least C. just now D. right away【答案】D【解析】 该题考查短语的意思。right away：立刻，马上；At all 根本；at least：至少 ；just now 刚才

4、。根据句意，答案应选 D。近义词，近型词 该题型旨在考查学生辨别同义词，近义词以及词形相近的词在不同语言环境中准确应用的能力。【样题示例】（2005年12月）She was talking about her _ as a nurse in a hospital ,which we had never heard before . Expenses B.excuses C. experiences D. expressions 【答案】C【解析】该题考查近形词辨析。Expenses：花费；excuse：借口；experienc经历； expressions：表情；本句的意思应为“她正在谈论她在

5、一家医院做护士的经历，这是我们从未听说过的。”故答案应选C。动词短语 该题型主要检测学生是否掌握了大纲要求的动词短语的用法。需要注意的是，动词短语的组成相对比较固定，可以将其看作是一个独立的实义动词来使用。动词短语经常是由动词和副词或介词构成，所以这一题型实际上也是在考查考生对副词和介词的掌握。在平时的学习中，考生要加强相同动词构成意义不同的动词短语以及由不同动词构成的意义相近的动词短语的积累和运用。【样题示例】(2005年6月)The boss told his secretary to _ the documents for later use.put away B. turn on C.

6、 make up D. break out 【答案】A【解析】 该题考查短语动词辨析。put away:把。收起来；turn on：打开（某种电器）；make up ：编造，化妆；break out：（战争，火灾）突然爆发。根据句意：“老板让他的秘书把文件收好以备日后使用”，应选 A。专项训练1.Jack called the airline to his flight to Beijing this morning. A. improve B. believe C. confirm D. insure2.The newspaper two people were killed in the

7、accident. A. says B. talks C. calls D. asks3.We had a(n) with him about this problem last night. A. explanation B. impression C. exhibition D. discussion4.The house was sold for $ 60000, which was far more than its real . A. money B. payment C. value D. profit5.The small company is to handle this la

8、rge order. A. able B. probable C. reasonable D. possible6.In his report of the accident he some important details. A. missed B. wasted C. escaped D. failed7.Sorry, we cannot you the job because you dont have any work experience. A. make B. send C. offer D. prepare8.All the traveling are paid by the

9、company if you travel on business. A. charges B. money C. prices D. expenses9.My impression of the service in the hotel was that it had really . A. improved B. implied C. imported D. imagined10.Youd better advice before making a project plan. A. put down B. take in C. turn out D. ask for11. They had

10、 to give up the plan because they had money. A. come up to B. got along with C. run out of D. taken charge of12.To obtain a visa to enter that country for the first time, you need to apply . A. in part B. in person C. in turn D. in place13.The department manager a new plan to promote sales at the me

11、eting. A. took away B. put forward C. looked after D. got on14.I my former manager when I was on a flight to Beijing. A. ran into B. put on C. took away D. shut down15.The work seemed easy at first but it to be quite difficult. A. broke out B. turned out C. worked out D. set out16.Were going to the

12、task that we havent finished. A. take away B. carry on C. get onto D. keep off17.The sales department was required to a plan in three weeks. A. turn up B. get up C. come up with D. put up with 18. writing a letter to the manager, he decided to talk to him in person. A. Due to B. Because of C. As for

13、 D. Instead of19.I was late for the interview because the bus on the way to London. A. got off B. brought in C. kept off D. broke down20.The department manager a new plan to promote sales at the meeting. A. took away B. put forward C. looked after D. got onII.语法结构 语法结构题主要考查非谓语动词，动词的时态及语态，虚拟语气，复合句与并列

14、句，句型结构，形容词与副词的比较级，最高级和情态动词等。非谓语动词非谓语动词指动词不定式，动名词和分词。该部分在语法测试中所占比重最大，是重点考试内容。常见考点归纳如下：1.动词不定式(1) 动词不定式充当宾语补足语 结构 例句动词+宾语+to +do (该类动词有：allow ,ask，want, tell ,invite, force ,permit, persuade 等）She asked me to go back home at once.她要求我马上回家。动词+宾语+do (该类动词有：make ,let ,have ,see, hear ,watch ,notice, feel

15、 ,find等) 但是，在被动语态中，不定式要带 toHe made his son read the text loudly.他叫他儿子大声朗读课文。动词+宾语+(to ) do (该类动词常见的是help )To m help her (to)find the book.汤姆帮她找到了那本书此外，动词不定式省略的常见考点有：had better ,would rather. than, cant help but,do anything but等结构后，需要用动词原形。(2) 动词不定式的时态和语态。 时态形式主动语态用法被动语态用法一般式to do 表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生

16、或在之后发生。例They decided to change their mind .（他们决定改变主意）to be done 不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承担者时使用不定式的被动形式。例：Its a great honor to be invited to Toms party.（被邀请参加汤姆的聚会十分荣幸）完成式to have done表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态之前.例：He is said to have written a book on civil war.（听说他写了一本关于内战的书）to have been done 【样题示例】 The father

17、was delighted to hear the child _ that .to say B. to have said C. say D. said 【答案】C【解析】本题考查动词不定式作宾语补足语。感官动词和使役动词（feel, see, hear, notice, let, make, have 等）后面接动词不定式作宾语补足语时省略to.2. 动名词1) 动名词的常见形式： 动名词形式 用法例句一般式的主动形式Doing 表示动作与谓语的动作同时发生或在之后发生Seeing is believing .眼见为实。一般式的被动形式Being done 逻辑主语作为动名词表示的动作的承

18、受者时，所表示的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在之后发生。I like being given harder work.我喜欢接受较难的工作。完成式的主动形式Having done 表示动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。He regrets not having taken part in the work.他后悔没有参加这项工作。完成式的被动形式Having been done 逻辑主语作为动名词表示的动作的承受者时，所表示的动作在谓语动词动作之前发生。She so excited having been elected chairman of the students Union.她对能

19、当选为学生会主席是如此的兴奋。2) 动名词作宾语考生应牢记只能带动名词作宾语的动词，常见的有：admit, acknowledge, appreciate, avoid, consider, contemplate, delay,deny,detest,endure,enjoy,excuse,evade,face,finish,fan,favor,forgive,cant help, imagine, conclude, involve, mention, mind, miss, postpone, practice, resist, suggest, be worth, feel like,

20、 think of , dream of , be fond of ,prevent.(from), keep.from , stop.(from),set about , be engaged in ,spend(in ),succeed in , be used to , look forward to ,object to ,pay attention to , insist on ,feel like 等。 3) 动名词与不定式作宾语的区别有些动词既可以动名词又可以不定式作宾语，且意思差别不大，但有些动词以动名词或不定式作宾语时，意思有较大差别。如： remember to do 记得

21、要做（某事）remember doing 记得曾做过（某事） forget to do 忘记要做（某事）forget doing 忘记曾做过（某事） go on to do （做完某事后）继续做（另一事）go on doing 继续做（某事） regret to do 对要做（某事）感到遗憾regret doing 对已做过（某事）感到后悔 need to do 需要做（某事）need doing 需要（被动）4）【样题示例】I wondered why the boy often avoided_(talk) with his classmates.【答案】 talking 【解析】动词 a

22、void 后只接动名词作宾语。3 分词1) 现在分词和过去分词的差别动词现在分词用法过去分词用法及物动词表示主动含义，所修饰的人或物是动作的执行者。表示被动含义，所修饰的人或物是动作的承受者。不及物动词表示正在进行或目前所处的状态。表示已经完成的动作或已存在的状态。2）分词的功能：分词主要起形容词和副词作用，在句中作表语、定语、宾补（主补）和状语等。1. 作定语分词作定语时与被修饰的词有逻辑上的主谓意义。分词短语作定语时，置于被修饰的词之后。Most of the computers are small machines sitting on (= which sit on) the desk

23、s.There are all sorts of computers connected to (= which are connected to) the Internet.2.作宾补（主补）宾语与宾补有逻辑上的主谓意义。常以分词作宾补的动词有：catch, have, keep, get, see, hear, find, feel, leave, make, want, start, notice, observe, watch, set 等。The policeman caught the young man stealing from the shop.Libraries often

24、 have computers connected to the Internet for members of the public to use.3作状语 分词表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，两者存在逻辑上的主谓关系。分词（短语）作状语表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随、结果等。Looking up to that red flag with stars, I felt that all the blood rushed to my head. 分词作时间状语时，相当于 when 引导的从句，若强调分词动作和谓语动作同时发生，可在分词前加 when 或 while。She stared at

25、him, not knowing what to say.Compared with others, it is quite cheap.When looking back, he saw a car crashing into the wall. 分词带有自己的主语作状语时，称为分词的独立结构。其形式为：名词 (代词) + 现在 (过去) 分词，该结构前有时也可加 with。Weather permitting, we will go sightseeing tomorrow.With a river running through it, a city looks more beautif

26、ul4. 现在分词的完成形式和被动形式 现在分词的完成形式：having + 过去分词，表示分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前。Having been there many times, she is quite familiar with the city. 现在分词的被动形式：being + 过去分词，表示分词的动作正在发生，或与谓语动作同时发生，但与主语的关系是被动的，作状语时相当于过去分词。The person being interviewed is my former classmate.(Being) bothered by the noise, he could not concen

27、trate himself on his work. 现在分词的完成被动形式：having + been + 过去分词。Having been rebuilt, the palace looks more splendid.3）【样题示例】While_ in London, the young engineer picked up some English.staying B. stay C. stayed D. to stay【答案】 A 【解析】stay 与逻辑主语the young engineer是主动关系，所以使用现在分词。专项训练1.The manager showed the n

28、ew employee to find the supplies. A. what B. where C. that D. which2. is quite difficult for Mary to pass the interview. A. What B. This C. That D. It3. As far as Im concerned, I dont like in that way. A. to be treated B. to treat C. treated D. treating 4. I am looking forward to from you as soon as

29、 possible. A. hear B. be hearing C. hearing D. have heard5. Location is the first thing customer consider when to buy a house. A. planning B. planned C. to plan D. having planned6.When we lived in Hangzhou, we _ to go to West lake. A. Would be B. are used C. were used D. used 7.A toy car that _ a fe

30、w pence 30 years ago is worth 1,000 pounds now. A. cost B. costs C. had cost D. has cost8.By the time you get to Los Angles tomorrow, I_ for Southwest Asia. A. will leave B. shall have left C. had already left D. am leaving 9. Look, here _ the famous pop singer. A. comes B. come C. has come D. came 10.We used to go skating in Michigan every winter, but _ there for the past five years. A. I dont go B. I havent been C. Im not going D. I didnt go 动词的时态和语态