《Business statistic》复习参考第一章至第八章讲解学习.docx

1、Business statistic复习参考第一章至第八章讲解学习Business Statistic中国人民大学出版社 英文版 第五版 chapter18复习参考Part1名词解释1、 Statistics is a method of extracting useful information from a set of numerical data in order to make a more effective and informed decision.2、 Descriptive Statistics：These are statistical methods of organi

2、zing, summarizing and presenting numerical data in convenient forms such as graphs, charts and tables.3、 Inferential statistics is defined as statistical methods used for drawing conclusions about a population based on samples.4、 Primary data is obtained first hand. 5、 Secondary data already exists

3、or has been previously collected such as company accounts, or sales figures.6、 Mean: The arithmetic average and the most common measure ofaaaaaaa central tendency. All values are included in computing the mean.A set of data has a unique mean The mean is affected by unusually large or small data poin

4、ts (outliers / extreme values).7、 Mode: The most frequent data, or data corresponding to the highest frequency. Mode is not affected by extreme values. There may not be a mode. There may be several modes. Used for either numerical or categorical data.8、 Median is the value that splits a ranked set o

5、f data into two equal parts. Median is not affected by extremely large or small values and is therefore a valuable measure of central tendency when such values occur.9、 Standard Deviation: A measure of the variation of data from the mean. The most commonly used measure of variation. Represented by t

6、he symbol s. Shows how the data is distributed around the mean.10、 Probability is the chance of an occurrence of an event. Probability of an event always lies between 0 and 1. The sum of the probabilities of every possible outcome or event is 1. The probability of the complement A is given by 1-P(A)

7、.11、 Properties of Normal distribution：Continuous random variable. Bell-shaped & symmetrical. Mean, median, mode are equal Area under the curve is 1.12、 The Central Limited Theorem：If the population followed normal distribution, the sampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution. If t

8、he population do not followed normal distribution, but the sample size is larger than 30, the sampling distribution of mean is followed normal distribution.Part2选择题Topic 1 - Introduction to Business Statistics & Data CollectionQ1. The universe or totality of items or things under consideration is ca

9、lled:a. a sample. b. a population. c. a parameter. d. none of the above. Q2. Those methods involving the collection, presentation, and characterization of a set of data in order to properly describe the various features of that set of data are called:a. inferential statistics. b. total quality manag

10、ement. c. sampling. d. descriptive statistics. Q3. The portion of the universe that has been selected for analysis is called:a. a sample. b. a frame. c. a parameter. d. a statistic. Q4. A summary measure that is computed to describe a numerical characteristic from only a sample of the population is

11、called:a. a parameter. b. a census. c. a statistic. d. the scientific method. Q5. A summary measure that is computed to describe a characteristic of an entire population is called:a. a parameter. b. a census. c. a statistic. d. total quality management. Q6. The process of using sample statistics to

12、draw conclusions about population parameters is called:a. inferential statistics. b. experimentation. c. primary sources. d. descriptive statistics. Q7. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person retrieves data from an online database?a. published sources. b. experimentat

13、ion. c. surveying. d. observation. Q8. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when people are asked to complete a questionnaire?a. published sources. b. experimentation. c. surveying. d. observation. Q9. Which of the four methods of data collection is involved when a person records

14、 the use of the Los Angeles freeway system?a. published sources. b. experimentation. c. surveying. d. observation. Q10. A focus group is an example of which of the four methods of data collection?a. published sources. b. experimentation. c. surveying. d. observation. Q11. Which of the following is t

15、rue about response rates?a. The longer the questionnaire, the lower the rate. b. Mail surveys usually produce lower response rates than personal interviews or telephone surveys. c. Question wording can affect a response rate. d. d. All of the above. Q12. Which of the following is a reason that a man

16、ager needs to know about statistics?a. To know how to properly present and describe information. b. To know how to draw conclusions about the population based on sample information. c. To know how to improve processes. d. All of the above. Scenario 1-1Questions 13-15 refer to this scenario:An insura

17、nce company evaluates many variables about a person before deciding on an appropriate rate for automobile insurance. Some of these variables can be classified as categorical, discrete and numerical, or continuous and numerical. Q13. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), the number of claims a person ha

18、s made in the last three years is what type of variable?a. Categorical. b. Discrete and numerical. c. Continuous and numerical. d. None of the above. Q14. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a persons age is what type of variable?a. Categorical. b. Discrete and numerical. c. Continuous and numerical.

19、 d. None of the above. Q15. Referring to Scenario 1-1 (above), a persons gender is what type of variable?a. Categorical. b. Discrete and numerical. c. Continuous and numerical. d. None of the above. Q16. Which of the following can be reduced by proper interviewer training?a. Sampling error. b. Measu

20、rement error. c. Coverage error. d. Nonresponse error. Scenario 1-2Questions 17-19 refer to this scenario:Mediterranean fruit flies were discovered in California a few years ago and badly damaged the oranges grown in that state. Suppose the manager of a large farm wanted to study the impact of the f

21、ruit flies on the orange crops on a daily basis over a 6-week period. On each day a random sample of orange trees was selected from within a random sample of acres. The daily average number of damaged oranges per tree and the proportion of trees having damaged oranges were calculated. Q17. Referring

22、 to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures calculated each day (i.e., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) are called _.a. statistics. b. parameters. c. samples. d. populations. Q18. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), the two main measures c

23、alculated each day (i.e., average number of damaged oranges per tree and proportion of trees having damaged oranges) may be used on a daily basis to estimate the respective true population _.a. estimates. b. parameters. c. statistics. d. frame. Q19. Referring to Scenario 1-2 (above), in this study,

24、drawing conclusions on any one day about the true population characteristics based on information obtained from the sample is called _.a. evaluation. b. descriptive statistics. c. inferential statistics. d. survey. Scenario 1-3Questions 20 and 21 refer to this scenario:The Quality Assurance Departme

25、nt of a large urban hospital is attempting to monitor and evaluate patient satisfaction with hospital services. Prior to discharge, a random sample of patients is asked to fill out a questionnaire to rate such services as medical care, nursing, therapy, laboratory, food, and cleaning. The Quality As

26、surance Department prepares weekly reports that are presented at the Board of Directors meetings and extraordinary/atypical ratings are easy to flag.Q20. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), true population characteristics estimated from the sample results each week are called _.a. inferences. b. para

27、meters. c. estimates. d. data. Q21. Referring to Scenario 1-3 (above), a listing of all hospitalised patients in this institution over a particular week would constitute the _.a. sample. b. population. c. statistics. d. parameters. Scenario 1-4Questions 22-24 refer to this scenario:The following are

28、 the questions given to Sheila Drucker-Ferris in her college alumni association survey. Each variable can be classified as categorical or numerical, discrete or continuous.Q22. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of years since graduation is categorised as: _.a. numerical disc

29、rete. b. categorical. c. numerical continuous. d. none of the above. Q23. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), the data for the number of science majors is categorised as: _.a. categorical. b. numerical continuous. c. numerical discrete. d. none of the above. Q24. Referring to Scenario 1-4 (above), th

30、e data for tabulating the level of job satisfaction (High, Moderate, Low) is categorised as: _.a. numerical continuous. b. categorical. c. numerical discrete. d. none of the above. Topic 2: Organising and Presenting dataQ1 The width of each bar in a histogram corresponds to the:a. boundaries of the

31、classes. b. number of observations in the classes. c. midpoint of the classes. d. percentage of observations in the classes. Q2 When constructing charts, which of the following chart types is plotted at the class midpoints?a. Frequency histograms. b. Percentage polygons. c. Cumulative relative frequency ogives. d. Relative frequency histograms. Q3 When polygons or histograms are constructed, which axis must show the true zero or origin?a. The horizontal axis. b. The vertical axis. c. Both the horizontal and vertical axes. d. Neither the