考研阅读逐句译第3篇.docx

1、考研阅读逐句译第3篇唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第1句Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? 译文: 过去经济下滑的糟糕日子会不会卷土重来? 翻译思路:疑问式的开头 从2000年到03年的所有13篇考研阅读文章中,01年第3篇也是用设问的方式开头:Why do so many Americans distrust what they read in their newspapers? (关于文章的开头,我前面讨论过,大概就在01年第2篇和第3篇的文章中。)这篇文章第一段第一句话的设问,提醒人们关注ec

2、onomic decline,然后摆出几个事实。再由第一段最后一句的设问来加强。我们不妨读读整个第一段,思考一下作者第一段从开头设问,到摆出数据,对比现在和过去,再用疑问句来加强,从而结束了第一段: Could the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December.

3、 This near tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? 唐静

4、考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第2句Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. 词汇: crude /adj. 天然的,为提炼的;粗糙的,粗鲁的 barrel /n. 桶 结构: Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March(since时间状语从句), /the price of crude oil has jumped to

5、 almost $26 a barrel(主句), /up from less than $10 last December(介词短语作状语). 译文: 自从石油输出国组织在3月决定减少原油供应,原油的价格便从去年12月的不到10美元一桶暴涨到约26美元一桶。 翻译思路:句式结构数据的增减 在2000年到现在的所有文章中,大概有这些句子涉及到数据的变化,我们回头复习一下,不妨再记住这些句式结构(好好记住,明天有相关的作业要做): 2000年第1篇第2句When the United States entered just such a glowing period after the end

6、of the Second World War, it had a market eight times larger than any competitor, giving its industries unparalleled economies of scale. 2001年第1篇第2句There are about 105 males born for every 100 females, but this ratio drops to near balance at the age of maturity, and among 70-year-olds there are twice

7、 as many women as men. 2001年第4篇第5句和第6句Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in1982. Today the figure is more than 25%and growing rapidly. 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第3句This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadruple

8、d, and 1979-1980, when they also almost tripled. 词汇: triple /v. 增加到三倍,成三倍 scary /adj. 可怕的,引起恐慌的,怪异的 shock /n. 震惊;令人震惊的事物 quadruple /v. 增加到四倍,成四倍 结构: This near-tripling of oil prices calls up scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, (主句)/when prices quadrupled(when定语从句), /and 1979-1980, when they also a

9、lmost tripled(and并列的时间,与the 1973 oil shock并列修饰memories,后面还有when定语从句). 译文: 这次油价增长到将近三倍,唤起了人们可怕地记忆:1973年的石油恐慌,价格涨到了四倍;还有1979年到80年,也涨到了将近三倍。 翻译思路:句式结构数据的增减 请翻译下面这段话(可以用到作文中,尤其是英语二的写作,明天给答案):根据一份工信部(MIIT)的报告,至上个月月末,中国有十二亿八千六百万(1.286 billion)手机用户。这就意味着,全国人口中有94.5%的人在用手机。 中国移动(China Mobile)是最大的运营商(carrier

10、),有九千万4G用户,据说到本年度末这个数字会飙升到2亿。 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第4句和第5句Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? 词汇: inflation /n. 膨胀;通货膨胀 gloom /n. 昏暗;失望,忧郁 doom /n. 毁灭,厄运 译文: 前两次震荡都导致了两位数的通货膨胀和全球性的经济衰退。那么这次警

11、告人们厄运来临的头版新闻都到哪里去了呢? 翻译思路:分词短语作定语 So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? 这个句子是第一段的总结,对段首疑问句的照应。so一般不放在句子开头,这里是为了引出后面的问题来,同时承接前面的内容。 主干结构是where are the headlines,意思是“新闻头条都去哪里了?”warning of gloom and doom this time是现在分词短语作定语,修饰“headlines”,其中gloom and doom意思差不多,作者故意采用这种“押尾韵”的修饰手

12、法来加强表达的效果,gloom是“悲观,失望”,doom是“注定,厄运”的意思。这两个词的顺序无妨,可以说gloom and doom,也可以说doom and gloom,意思是“悲观失望,注定厄运”。 昨天汉英翻译作业的答案: 根据一份工信部(MIIT)的报告,至上个月月末,中国有十二亿八千六百万(1.286 billion)手机用户。这就意味着,全国人口中有94.5%的人在用手机。中国移动(China Mobile)是最大的运营商(carrier),有九千万4G用户,据说到本年度末这个数字会飙升到2亿。 According to a report from the Ministry of

13、 Industry and Information Technology (MIIT), there were 1.286 billion mobile phone users in China at the end of last month. That means that 94.5% of Chinas population actually used a mobile phone at the end of 2014. China Mo bile is worlds largest carrier. It has 90 million subscribers connected to

14、4G LTE service. Its said that this number will jump to 200 million by the end of this year. 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第6句The oil price was given another push up this week when Iraq suspended oil exports. 词汇: suspend /v. 悬挂;暂停,推迟 结构: The oil price was given another push up this week (主句)/when Iraq suspended

15、oil exports(when定语从句). 译文: 本周伊拉克暂缓石油出口,油价又再次攀升。 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第7句Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. 词汇: grip /v. 抓住,控制 hemisphere /n. 半球 结构: Strengthening economic growth(主语), /at the same

16、time as winter grips the northern hemisphere(as状语从句), /could push the price higher still in the short term(谓语). 译文: 加强经济发展,同时随着北半球冬季的到来,有可能在短期内把油价推得更高。 翻译思路:暗喻 前面有讲过暗喻,那大家看看at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere这个句子中,暗喻在哪里,达到了什么效果? 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第8句Yet there are good reasons to

17、 expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. 词汇: severe /adj. 严重的,严酷的,剧烈地 译文: 然而,我们有充分的理由预期这次油价暴涨给经济带来的影响不会像20世纪70年代那么严重。 翻译思路:作文中的主题句与推展句 这是本篇文章第三段的首句,是段落的主题句。英语文章其实最八股,有比较固定的写作模式。一般是三段落:提出问题,解决问题,得出结论。每一个段落的展开方式也如此,段首主题句,中间展开支持这个主题,最后做出一个小结论或者是引出另一个段落的叙述内容。就这个主题句而言,我分

18、析如下,大家看看: Yet (转折,前面段落都是悲观的负面的,表明后面可能没有那么难受)there are good reasons (good reasons是核心,表明后面要说原因)to expect the economic consequences (这是整个文章围绕谈论的主题,油价对经济的影响)now to be less severe than in the 1970s(文章第一段就开始对比,说70s那会可怕,现在可能不那么严重,所以后面推展句也会对比,为什么不那么严重,good reason是什么在后面立刻表明). In most countries the cost of cr

19、ude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s(推展句1). In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past(推展句2). 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第9句In

20、most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. 词汇: petrol /n. 汽油 结构: In most countries the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol (主句)/than it did in the 1970s(than比较状语从句). 译文: 与70年代相比,现在多数国家的原

21、油成本在汽油价格中占的份额要小很多。翻译思路:油 oil是“油”,意义比较广泛,可以指我们说的橄榄油olive oil,食用油cooking oil,鱼肝油cod-liver oil,色拉油salad oil;也可以指石油petroleum,或者润滑 油。 petroleum就是指“石油”喽,指那种地下或者海床开采出来的石油。 crude oil“原油”,也可以直接说crude,这个好懂,可能还有杂质的那种。 petrol是英式英语,美式用gasoline或gas,就是petroleum提炼之后的“汽油”;petroleum提炼出来的还有“煤油”paraffin、柴油diesel oil。 唐

22、静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第10句In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. 词汇: retail /n. 零售 muted /adj. 轻的;无声的,哑的 pump /n. 泵 pump price / 加油站油价,出泵价格 结构: In Europe, taxes account f

23、or up to four-fifths of the retail price(主句), /so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past(so结果状语从句). 译文: 在欧洲,各种税费占零售价的比例高达五分之四,因此,即使原油价格大幅波动,对出泵价格的影响也不会像过去那么显著。 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第11句Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they

24、 were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. 词汇: sensitive /adj. 敏感的,容易受影响的;容易受伤害的;灵敏的 swing /n. 挥动,摆动;波动,变动 结构: Rich economies are also less dependent on oil than they were(主句和than比较状语从句), /and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price(and并列的表语,less sensitive与less dependent并列). 译文: 发

25、达国家对石油的依赖性也不如从前,因此对油价的波动也就不会那么敏感。 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第12句Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. 词汇: conservation /n. 保存,保护;节约 fuel /n. 燃料;营养物质;刺激因素 intensive /adj. 集中的,密集的,加强的 结构: Energy conservat

26、ion, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries (主语是三个并列名词词组energy conservation, a shift and a decline)have reduced oil consumption(谓语部分). 译文: 能源储备、燃料替代以及能源密集型重工业的重要性降低,这些都减少了石油消耗量。 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第13句和第14句Software, consultancy and mobile telephon

27、es use far less oil than steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP (in constant prices) rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. 词汇: consultancy /n. 咨询公司 constant /adj. 持续的,不断的;不变的,恒定的 译文: 软件行业、咨询公司和移动通讯所消耗的石油比钢铁、汽车行业少得多。现在,发达国家的实际国民生产总值中,每一个美元所消耗的石油量比1973年少了近一半。 翻译思路:发现术语 某一个专

28、业领域,必然有术语。但是有一种要求说,译者要象“万精油”,什么都得知道一点。但是,我认为没有必要。译者不是全才,不可能都懂。如果真接到某一个专业领域的口译和笔译任务,译者一定要有迅速搜集这个专业领域的知识和快速学习的能力。 做笔译和口译不一样,如果有术语,万能的网络会帮助你。就我遇到的情况而言,几乎百分之九十以上的术语都可以在网络中找到答案。那发现术语,就显 得很重要。 发现术语,就一点最关键:不要想当然;稍微觉得不对了,查一下。在本句话中GDP是几乎大家都知道的术语,那GDP(in constant prices)就一定是和“国民生产总值”相关的术语。上网查呗,一定有。 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译

29、2002年第3篇第15句The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. 词汇: outlook /n. 展望,前景;景色;观点,看法 average /v. 平均,求平均,达到平均数 结构: The OECD

30、 estimates in its latest Economic Outlook (主句)/that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998(that宾语从句中的if条件状语从句), /this would increase the oil import bill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP(that宾语从句的主干部分). 译文: 国际经合组织在最近一期的经济展望中估计,如果油价持续一年维持在22美元左右,与1998

31、年的13美元一桶相比,这也只会使发达国家的石油进口在支出上增加GDP的0.25%到0.5%。 翻译思路:常见经济组织的缩略语 缩略语,在英汉翻译中,最好用中文,这是一种比较负责任的做法。在报刊杂志中,经常有人不翻译,直接套用缩略语。他们认为,大家都知道这个缩略语,比如WTO、UN,所以觉得没有必要用中文。这是不负责任的。我们是做翻译,如果按照你这种思维,大家都知道,那可能看这个文章的人比你还要更懂英语呢,那你还不如不翻译,直接把整个文章的英语全部抄上去算了。 常见的经济组织缩略语,大家不妨当个常识,知道一下: OECD:Organization for Economic Co-operatio

32、n and Development,经济合作发展组织,简称经合组织。 IMF:International Monetary Fund,国际货币基金组织 ASEAN:Association of Southeast Asian Nations东南亚国家联盟,简称东盟。 APEC:Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation,亚太经济合作组织 OPEC:Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries,石油输出国组织,有音译为欧佩克。 G-7:Group of 7,七国集团。 唐静考研阅读逐句翻译2002年第3篇第16句That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. 译文:这还不到1974年或19