仁爱版九年级英语上册第四单元知识点18页.docx

1、仁爱版九年级英语上册第四单元知识点18页U4T1SA1 be allowed to do sth.被允许做某事, allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做某事；allow doing sth.允许做某事。e.g. She allowed me to go fishing. 她允许我去钓鱼。We dont allow smoking in the reading room. 我们不允许在阅览室吸烟。2 too much既是形容词短语，也是副词短语，所以它既可修饰名词也可修饰动词。e.g. too much water； eat too much太多的水 吃得太多.另外注意too muc

2、h后接的是不可数名词；too many +可数名词复数；much too常用在形容词或副词之前修饰形容词或副词。e.g.much too long 太长，much too fast 太快3 show v. 给看。show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 把某物给某人看。e.g. Can you show your new watch to me? =Can you show me your new watch? 你能把新手表给我看看吗？show sb. around. 带领某人参观。e.g.Welcome to my city. Ill show you around

3、some places of interest. 欢迎来我市，我将带你参观一些名胜古迹。show n. 展览、展示,on show 展出。e.g.There is a TV play on show on CCTV-1. 在中央一台有一部电视剧在播放。4 be made of/from 由制成。be made of (看得出原材料)；be made from (看不出原材料)。e.g. The desk is made of wood. 桌子是由木材制成的。Paper is made from wood. 纸是由木材制成的。be made in 在制造。e.g. The watch is ma

4、de in Shanghai. 手表是在上海制造的。be made by sb. 由某人制造。e.g. The model plane was made by my father. 飞机模型是我爸爸做的。5 be used for 被用来做。e.g. Pens are used for writing. 钢笔被用来写字。这种结构也可以变成be used to do sth.。类似的结构还有:be used as被用作；be used by被谁所用。e.g. English is used as a foreign language in China. 英语在中国被当做外语。Computers

5、are used by some people as toys. 电脑被有些人当玩具用。be used后还可以跟不定式。e.g. This machine can be used to study English.这种机器可用来学习英语。6 wish(希望)后面接that从句常用虚拟语气。本句表达康康的主观臆想，不一定能实现，像这种表示主观愿望和假想的语气叫虚拟语气。当表示现在的愿望，从句中谓语动词用过去式；当表示将来的愿望，从句中动词用could/would加动词原形。e.g. I wish that I didnt have to go to work today. 我希望今天不用上班。I

6、 wish I could have my own house. 我希望我能拥有自己的房子。7 come true 变成真的，实现。come这里起到连系动词的作用。go也有类似用法。e.g. The fish has gone bad.这鱼已经变坏了。U4T2SB 1 Its said that. 据说，听说it是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的从句。e.g. It is said that you have sent him three letters.据说你已经给他发了三封信。类似的结构还有Its reported that.据报道。e.g. Its reported that Chin

7、a will send up Shenzhou into space in a few years.据报道中国几年后将向太空发射神舟八号。2 during ones life 某人一生，相当于in ones life。e.g. Lei Feng did a lot of good things during his life. 雷锋在他一生中做了许多好事。3 go this way 走这边，相当于take/come this way。4 be different from 与不同My pen is different from you.我的笔和你的不同。U4T2SC1 come about出现

8、，发生e.g. How did this dangerous situation come about?这样危险的局面是怎样出现的？2 solve a problem解决一个问题。solve的宾语多为problem, answer的宾语多为question。3 no one和none都表示否定，但用法有所不同，它们的区别是：a. no one用来指人，含有not even one（连一个人也没有）之意，其后不能接of短语。用作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。e.g. No one knew who took the book by mistake. 没有人知道谁误拿了这本书。No one likes

9、 a person with bad manners. 谁也不喜欢不讲礼貌的人。b. none不仅指人也可指物，其后常接of短语，构成“none of+名词/代词”结构。当名词是复数时，谓语动词单复数均可。e.g. None of the houses has/have a large garden in some big cities. 在一些大城里，没有一幢房子带有大花园。注意：How many people are there in your classroom now? 现在你班里有多少人？None. 没有人。Who is in your classroom now? 谁现在在教室里？

10、No one. 没有人。4 Inventing is interesting发明是有趣的。此处inventing是动名词作主语，动名词作主语。谓语动词用单数形式。5 in the invention process在发明过程中。U4T1SD1 explore 探索 Explorer 探险家2 find out 找出，查明3 as long as 只要4 the shape of 的形状U4T2SA1 like与as的用法区别：like说明相似关系，即二者在形态、性质上相似，但不等同。e.g. He has done a lot of good things like Lei Feng. 他像雷

11、锋一样做了许多好事。as说明同一关系，指身份，意为“作为,当作”。e.g. Dont treat me as a child.Im 15. 别把我当小孩子了，我都十五岁了。as 还有“像， 按照”的意思。e . g .Please do it as I told you. 请照我的吩咐去做。I have the same idea as you. 我和你想法一样。2 be able to与can的意义相当，can没有将来时和完成时。因此在shall, will,have等后面，要用be able to。e.g. He is able to cook. = He can cook. 他会做饭。I

12、ll be able to ride a bike.我就要会骑自行车了。注意：be able to与can不能重叠使用。3 We will be able to do anything that can be done on the earth.我们将可以做任何地球上可以做的事情。. that can be done on the earth. 是定语从句修饰anything。从句的谓语用的是带有情态动词的被动语态，构成形式是“情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词”。e.g. Trees can be planted in spring. 树可以在春季栽种。4 What fun! 多么有趣啊

13、！这里fun为不可数名词， 有趣的事。类似的感叹句。e.g. What a pity! 多么遗憾啊！What a shame! 多么丢脸啊！U4T2SB1 on TV在电视上， on the Internet 在网上。2.Who will take part in the space flight? 谁会参加这次飞行？take part in 参加会议或群众性活动等，着重说明主语参加该活动并在活动中发挥作用。We often take part in physical labor. 我们经常参加体力劳动。join 参加某一组织团体、党派，成为其中一员，或和某人一起做事情。When did yo

14、ur brother join the army?你哥哥什么时候参军的？Hell join us in singing the song. 他将加入我们一起唱歌。join in 多指参加小规模的活动，如“球赛、游戏”等。 常用于日常口语。Come along , and join in the ball game 一起来吧，参加球赛。3 discover v. 发现（找到原本存在但未发现的东西）。e.g. Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。invent v. 发明(发明的对象是以前从未存在的新东西)。e.g. The inv

15、entor invented a lot of things all his life. 这位发明家一生创造了许多的发明。find v. 多指偶然发现、碰到,后可接名词、复合结构或that从句。e.g. Have you found the book you have been looking for? 你找到一直找的书了吗？find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相、真情,调查找出原因或发现秘密、错误等,后一般接名词或从句。e.g. Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清了他为什么迟到吗？4 admire v. 钦佩，羡慕，赞赏admire sb

16、. for sth. 钦佩/羡慕/赞赏 某人E.g. I admire you for your honesty. 我赞赏你的诚实5 I prefer science to dance. 相比跳舞来说，我更喜欢科学。prefer to 喜欢而不喜欢E.g. I prefer green tea to coffee. 相比咖啡，我更喜欢绿茶I prefer cooking myself to eating out.相比下馆子，我更喜欢自己做饭。6. Then our dreams will be realized. 那么，我们就会实现我们的梦想了。realize = make come ture

17、 意识到，领会，实现。E.g. Our dreams will be realized. = We will make our dreams come true. 我们的梦想将会实现= 我们将使我们的梦想实现。 U4T2SC1 name . after 以的名字给取名。be named after 是被动语态。e.g. The baby was named after Bruce Lee. 这个婴儿的名字是以李小龙的名字取的。2 Its diameter is 53% as wide as that of the earth.它的直径是地球直径的53%。3 Mars goes around t

18、he sun at a distance of about 228 million kilometers.火星在距太阳约228 000 000千米处环绕着太阳转。 at a distance of 有 距离at a distance of相隔，at a distance在远处。e.g. The moon goes around the earth at a distance of 380 000 km. 月球在距地球38万千米的地方绕地球旋转。The police followed him at a distance. 警察远远地跟着他。in the distance在远处。e.g. That

19、 is Long Island in the distance over there. 那边远处是长岛。4 tell在这里为“辨别，区别，认出”，常和can, could, be able to连用。e.g. It was so dark that I couldnt tell it was you. 天太暗了，我没有认出是你。5 be covered被覆盖。be covered with遮盖，遮蔽e.g. The ground is covered with show.土地被雪覆盖。6 . Scientists are still searching for more information

20、 about Mars.科学家们正在对火星进行更多的探索。 search for :寻找，搜索All night they searched for the lost boy. 整个晚上他们都在搜寻那个丢失的男孩。search for寻找，搜索（强调有具体的目标）。如：She searched many shops for Jims gift. 为了送给Jim礼物，她搜索了很多店。search 意为“在搜查”或“搜身”, 是个及物动词，后面直接跟“被搜查的对象”。如：Mr.Smith searched every room in the house. 史密斯先生搜索了房子里的每个房间。U4T2

21、SD1 Other planets 其它的星球 Other + 不可数名词/可数名词复数其它的2 send sb sth =send sth to sb把某物发送给某人嘻嘻嘻嘻嘻嘻嘻嘻嘻U4T3SA1 like与as的用法区别：like说明相似关系，即二者在形态、性质上相似，但不等同。e.g. He has done a lot of good things like Lei Feng. 他像雷锋一样做了许多好事。as说明同一关系，指身份，意为“作为,当作”。e.g. Dont treat me as a child. Im 15. 别把我当小孩子了，我都十五岁了。as还有“像，按照”的意思。

22、e.g. Please do it as I told you. 请照我的吩咐去做。I have the same idea as you. 我和你想法一样。2 be able to与can的意义相当，can没有将来时和完成时。因此在shall, will, have等后面，要用be able to。e.g. He is able to cook. = He can cook. 他会做饭。Ill be able to ride a bike.我就要会骑自行车了。注意：be able to与can不能重叠使用。3 . that can be done on the earth. 定语从句修饰an

23、ything。从句的谓语用的是带有情态动词的被动语态，构成形式是“情态动词+ be +及物动词的过去分词”。e.g. Trees can be planted in spring. 树可以在春季栽种。4 What fun! 多么有趣啊！这里fun为不可数名词，有趣的事。类似的感叹句。e.g. What a pity! 多么遗憾啊！What a shame! 多么丢脸啊！5 Im afraid not. 恐怕不是这样的此句是Im afraid so.的否定句。类似的句子还有I hope so. 我希望如此。I hope not. 我希望不是这样。但注意：I think so. 我认为是这样。I

24、dont think so. 我认为不是这样。I dont expect so. = I expect not. 我想不会的。I dont suppose so. = I suppose not. 我想不会的。6 in order to . 为了，表示目的，后接动词原形，相当于so as to。in order to既可放在句首又可放在句中；so as to只能放在句中，不能放在句首。它们的否定形式都是在to前加not，即in order not to，so as not to。它们后只能接动词原形，如果后接目的状语从句则用in order that或so that。e.g. They did

25、 anything in order to/so as to make money.为了赚钱他们什么事都做。In order not to fail the exam，he studied for fourteen hours every day.为了考试不失利，他每天学习14个小时。She went to England last year in order that/so that she could learn standard English. 她去年去了英国，为的是学习标准英语。7 当think, believe, suppose, imagine, expect等动词后接的宾语从句

26、含有not等否定词，且主语为第一人称时，该否定应移至主句，即否定主句的谓语动词。e.g. I dont think it will rain tomorrow. 我认为明天不会下雨。当主句的主语是第二、三人称时，否定式一般不转移。e.g. He supposes they wont win the game. 他猜想他们赢不了比赛。注意:改写反意疑问句时，当主句的主语为第一人称时，反意疑问句的主、谓要与从句一致。如果主句的主语是第二、三人称时，反意疑问句的主谓与主句一致。e.g. He thinks he can make it, doesnt he? 他认为他能办到，是吗？I dont th

27、ink it will rain tomorrow, will it? 我认为明天不会下雨，是吗？8 a. not. until. 直到才，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时。e.g. I wont go until you come back. 你不回来，我不走。注意：当主句的动词为wait, watch, think等延续性动词时不与not连用。e.g. We will wait for you until twelve Oclock. 我们将等你到12点钟。b. with ones own eyes 亲眼所见。e.g. We should observe the things aroun

28、d us with our own eyes. 我们应该亲自去观察周围的情况。U4T3SB1 on TV在电视上， on the Internet 在网上。2 discover v. 发现（找到原本存在但未发现的东西）。e.g. Columbus discovered America in 1492. 哥伦布在1492年发现了美洲。invent v. 发明(发明的对象是以前从未存在的新东西)。e.g. The inventor invented a lot of things all his life. 这位发明家一生创造了许多的发明。find v. 多指偶然发现、碰到,后可接名词、复合结构或

29、that从句。e.g. Have you found the book you have been looking for? 你找到一直找的书了吗？find out指通过观察、探索而发现事实的真相、真情,调查找出原因或发现秘密、错误等,后一般接名词或从句。e.g. Have you found out why he was late? 你弄清了他为什么迟到吗？3 no one和none都表示否定，但用法有所不同，它们的区别是：a. no one用来指人，含有not even one（连一个人也没有）之意，其后不能接of短语。用作主语时，谓语动词要用单数。e.g. No one knew who

30、 took the book by mistake. 没有人知道谁误拿了这本书。No one likes a person with bad manner 谁也不喜欢不讲礼貌的人。b. none不仅指人也可指物，其后常接of短语，构成“none of+名词/代词”结构。当名词是复数时，谓语动词单复数均可。e.g. None of the houses has/have a large garden in some big cities. 在一些大城里，没有一幢房子带有大花园。注意：How many people are there in your classroom now? 现在你班里有多少

31、人？None. 没有人。Who is in your classroom now? 谁现在在教室里？No one. 没有人。know/say for certain确切知道/肯定地说e.g. How much will the car cost? 这辆车值多少钱？I cant say for certain.我说不准。I know for certain that Bobby is at home.我肯定鲍比在家。4 work for. 意为“受雇于；从事工作”。e.g. She works for a big company.她在一家大公司工作。U4T3SC1 name . after 以的名字给取名。be named after 是被动语态。e.g. The baby