高英2 释义.docx

1、高英2 释义Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the Kings EnglishParaphrase:1. And it is an activity only of humans. (para 1)并且它是人类特有的一种活动。And conversation is an activity which is found only among human being2. Conversation is not for making a point. (para 2)交谈并不是为了表明一种看法。Conversation is not for persuading other people

2、 to accept our ideaIn a conversation, we should not try to establish the force of an argument or idea.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (para 2)实际上，最好的交谈者，是那些准备输的人。Actually, a person that really enjoys and is good at conversation will not argue to win or for

3、ce other people to accept his idea.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives. (para 3)酒吧友人没有深层次地涉及彼此的生活。People meeting each other for a drink in the pub are not intimate friends, because they are not deeply absorbed in each others lives5. That would settle it, but conversation does

4、 not need to be settled, it could still go ignorantly on (para 6)问题就这样解决了，但是聊天不需要解决什么问题，大伙仍旧可以糊里糊涂地扯下去，当做什么都没有发生过。One could settle the right or wrong of an argument by looking up reference books. The reference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speakers that the Kings English is a ter

5、m of criticism. However, it is unnecessary to decide who is right or wrong in a conversation. It could go on with anyone knowing who is right or wrong. 6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down to beef (boeuf). (para 9)地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef。When these animals are alive and feeding in t

6、he fields, we will call them “cattle”; but when we sit down at the table to eat, we will call their meat “beef”7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier against him by building their French against his own language. (para11)新的统治阶级用法语来对抗农民自己的语言，从而在农民面前建立起一道文化壁垒。By using French instead of E

7、nglish，the new ruling class made it difficult for the peasant to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers8. After five centuries of growth, of tussling with the French of the Normans and the Angevins and the Plantagenets and at last absorbing it, the conquered in the end of conquering the conquer,

8、 English had come royally into its own. (para 13)经过500年的发展，在与诺曼人，安茹王朝及金雀花王朝的法语对抗后，英语最终同化了法语，被征服者最终战胜成为了征服者，英语取得了国语的地位。After 500 years of development, after fighting with the French of Normans and the Angevins and the Plantagenets, English is successful in absorbing the French elements finally. Engli

9、sh survived at last and became the universal language of England once again.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (para 15)下层阶级使用这个短语时，常带有贬义，甚至讥讽的味道。The phras，the Kings English，has always been used disrespectfully and jokingly by the lowe

10、r classes. 10. The rebellion against a cultural dominance is still there. (para 15)对文化支配的对抗仍然存在。There still exists in the lower classes, as in the early Saxon peasants，a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that word

11、s will harden into things for us. (para 16)正如卡莱尔提出的，“对我们而言，把词语看成是具体的事物”，这始终会有极大的危险。There is always a great danger，as Carlyle put it , that we may forget that words are only symbols and take them for things that they are supposed to stand forTranslation: 1. However intricate the ways in which animals

12、 communicate with each other, they do not indulge in anything that deserves the name of conversation. 动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上谈话。 2. Argument may often be a part of it, but the purpose of the argument is not to convince.闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。闲聊之中是不存在输赢胜负的。 3. Perhaps it is because of my upbringi

13、ng in English pubs that I think bar conversation has a charm of its own.或许是由于我年轻时经常光顾英国小酒馆的缘故，我觉得酒馆里的闲聊别有韵味。 4. I do not remember what made one of our companions say it she clearly had not come into the bar to say it, it was not something that was pressing on her mind but her remark fell quite natur

14、ally into the talk. 我不记得一起聊天的人是在什么情况下说出那句话来的显然她不是有备而来，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话但是她的那句话十分自然地融进了我们闲谈里。 5. There is always resistance in the lower classes to any attempt by an upper class to lay down rules for “English as it should be spoken.每当上流社会想给“规范英语”制订一些条条框框时，总会遭到下层人民的抵制。6. Words are not themselves a realit

15、y, but only representations of it, and the Kings English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality.词语本身并不是现实，它不过是用以表达现实的一种形式而已。标准英语就像诺曼底人的盎格鲁式法语一样，也是一种对现实的阶级表达。 7. Perhaps it is worth trying to speak it, but it should not be laid down as an edict, and made immune to

16、 change from below. 让人们学着去讲规范英语也许不错，但不应该把它作为一条必须执行的法令，也不应当使它完全拒绝来自下层的改变。 8. There is no worse conversation than the one who punctuates his words as he speaks as if he were writing, or even who tries to use words as if he were composing a piece of prose for print.要是有谁闲聊时也像做文章一样标点分明，或者像写一篇要发表的散文一样咬文嚼字

17、的话，那他一定是一个最糟糕的聊天者。 9. When E. M. Forster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.看到福斯特笔下写出“当今时代的阴森可怖的长廊”时，其用语之生动及由其所产生的有力、甚至可怖的形象不禁令我们心头一震。 10. There would have been no conversation the other evening if we had bee

18、n able to settle at once the meaning of “the Kings English.”那天晚上，如果我们当场弄清了“标准英语”的定义，也就不可能再有那一场交谈了。Lesson 2 MarrakechParaphrase:1.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. 坟场只不过是一片土丘林立的荒野，恰似一片已废弃不用的建筑场地。The burying-ground is just a huge piece of wastel

19、and full of mounds of earth, looking like a deserted construction land. 2.All colonial empires are in reality founded upon that fact. 实际上，这是所有的殖民帝国赖以建立的基础。All colonialists build up their empires by treating the people in the colonies as animals. 3.They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve fo

20、r a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.也许他们只是像彼此之间难以区分的蜜蜂或珊瑚虫一样的东西。他们从泥土里长出来，受苦受累，忍饥挨饿过上几年，然后又被埋在那一个个无名的小坟丘里。谁也不会注意到他们的离去。They are born. Then they work hard without enough food for a few years. Finally they die and are b

21、uried in graves without a name,and nobody notices that they are dead. 4.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed. 一个木匠两脚交叉坐在一架老掉牙的车床旁，正以飞快的速度旋制椅子腿。Sitting with his legs crossed and using a very old fashioned lathe, a carpenter quickly gives a round

22、shape to the chair-legs he is making. 5.Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette. 这一下子那些犹太人从四面八方的一个个黑洞窟里发疯似地围上来，其中有很多白胡子老汉，都吵着要讨支烟抽。Immediately from their dark hole-like cells e

23、verywhere a great number of Jews rushed out wildly excited, all loudly demanding a cigarette.6.None of these people, I suppose, works less than twelve hours a day, and every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury. 我想这些人中没有谁会每天工作少于12个小时，可是他们个个都把一支香烟看成是一件十分难得的奢侈品。Every on

24、e of these Jews considers the cigarette as a piece of luxury which they can not possibly afford. 7.Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. 不过，白皮肤总是比较显眼的。However, a white-skinned European is always quite noticeable. 8.In a tropical landscape ones eye takes in everything except the human bei

25、ng. 在热带地区，一切自然景色可以尽收眼底，惟独看不见人。If you take a look at the natural scenery in a tropical landscape, you see everything but human beings. 9.No one would think of running cheap trips to the Distressed Areas 没有人会想组织游客去贫民窟去旅游，尽管费用低廉。No one would propose the cheap trips to the slums 10One could probably liv

26、e there for years without noticing that for nine-tenths of the people the reality of life is an endless back-breaking struggle to wring a little food out of an eroded soil. 就算在那儿居住多年的人们也未曾注意到，对于当地百分之九十的居民而言，生活是一场为了从贫瘠的土地上榨出一点食物而进行的永无停息、艰苦卓绝的抗争。Life is very hard for 90% of the people. They can produc

27、t a little food on the poor soil only with hard backbreaking toil.11.She accepted her status as an old woman, that is to say as a beast of burden. 她接受了自己既是老妇人，也是驮畜的社会地位。She took it for granted that as an old woman she was the lowest in the community, that she was only fit for doing heavy work like a

28、n animal. 12.People with brown skins are next door to invisible. 棕色人近乎于无形。People who have brown skins are almost invisible. 13.Their splendid bodies were hidden in reach-me-down khaki uniforms. 他们健美的身体上穿着旧的卡其布制服The soldiers were wearing secondhand khaki uniforms which hid their beautiful, wellbuilt

29、bodies 14.How long before they turn their guns in the other direction? 还要多久他们的枪口就会对准我们?How much longer before they turn their guns around and attack the colonialist rulers? 15.Every white man there had this thought stowed somewhere or other in his mind. 在场的每个白人心里都隐藏着这样的想法。Every white man had this th

30、ought hidden somewhere in his mind.Translation:1. When you walk through a town like this - two hundred thousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in- when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always diff

31、icult to believe that you are walking among human beings.当你穿行在这样的城镇其居民20万中至少有2万是除开一身聊以蔽体的破衣烂衫之外完全一无所有当你看到那些人是如何生活，又如何轻易地死去时，你永远难以相信自己是行走在人类之中2. When you go through the Jewish Quarters you gather some idea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like.当你走过这儿的犹太人聚居区时，你就会知道中世纪犹太人区大概是个什么样子。3. Many of

32、 the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.这儿很多街道的宽度远远不足六英尺，房屋根本没有窗户，眼睛红肿的孩子随处可见，多的像一群群苍蝇，数也数不清。4. Even a blind man somewhere at the back of one of the booths heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand. 甚至连一个盲人听到这讨烟的吵嚷声也从一个摊篷后面爬出来。伸手在空中乱摸。5.