经济学专业词汇.docx

1、经济学专业词汇专业词汇汉英部分 510 5安全网 safety net按可比口径 on comparable basis按轻重缓急 to prioritize暗补 implicit subsidy暗亏 hidden lossB 18颁发营业执照 to license; to grant a license to办理存款业务 to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers incentive to produce备付金（超额准备金） excess reserves本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign c

2、urrency accounts本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation本位利益 localized interest; departmentalism奔小康 to strive to prosperto strive to become well-to-do避税（请见逃税） tax avoidance币种搭配不当 currency mismatch币种构成 currency composition变相社会集资 disguised irregular (or illegal) fund raising表外科目（业务） off-balance-sheet items (op

3、eration)薄弱环节 weaknesses; loopholes不变成本 fixed cost不变价 at constant price; in real terms不动产 real estate不良贷款（资产）problem loans; non-performing loans (assets) 39财务公司 finance companies财政赤字 fiscal deficit财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank (over monetary policy)财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and

4、monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性 operational flexibility操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate产品构成 product composition; product mix产品积压 stock pile; excessive inventory产销衔接 marketability产业政策 industrial policy长期国债 treasury bonds敞口头寸 open position炒股 to speculate in the stock ma

5、rket承购包销 underwrite (securities)成套机电产品 complete sets of equipmentcomplete plant (s)城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives (UCCs)城市合作银行 urban cooperative banksMunicipal united banks城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income持续升温 persistent overheating重复布点 duplicate projec

6、ts重置成本 replacement cost重组计划 restructuring plan筹资渠道 funding sources; financing channels初见成效 initial success出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports出口退税 export tax rebate储蓄存款 household deposits (不完全等同于西方的 savings deposits, 前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。)储蓄分流 diversion of household deposits储源萎缩 decline in the availability

7、 of household savings传导机制 transmission mechanism从价税 ad valorem tax从紧控制 tight control存贷款比例 loan/deposit ratio存款保险体系 deposit insurance system存款货币银行 deposit money banks存款准备金 required reserves 31打白条 issue IOU大额存单 certificate of deposit (CD)大额提现 withdraw deposits in large amounts大面积滑坡 wide-spread decline

8、大一统的银行体制 (all-in-one) mono-bank system呆账（请见坏账） bad loans呆账准备金 loan loss reserves (provisions)呆滞贷款 idle loans贷款沉淀 non-performing loans贷款分类 loan classification贷款限额管理 credit control; to impose credit ceiling贷款约束机制 credit disciplinary (constraint) mechanism代理国库 to act as fiscal agent代理金融机构贷款 make loans

9、on behalf of other institutions戴帽贷款 ear-marked loans倒逼机制 reversed transmission of the pressure for easing monetary condition道德风险 moral hazard地区差别 regional disparity 第一产业 the primary industry 第二产业 the secondary industry 第三产业 the service industry; the tertiary industry 递延资产 deferrable assets订货不足 insuf

10、ficient orders定期存款 time deposits定向募集 raising funds from targeted sources东道国（请见母国） host country独立核算 independent accounting短期国债 treasury bills对冲操作 sterilization operation; hedging对非金融部门债权 claims on non-financial sector多种所有制形式 diversified ownership 2恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation二级市场 secondary market 22发行货币 to

11、issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves; reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance (or monitoring)非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构 non-p

12、rofit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxestax assignment system分业经营 segregation of financial business (services); division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口） risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios

13、风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges; users charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制 double-entry budgetingcapital and current budgetary account 39改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest个人

14、股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround (or reversal)公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state-owned sector; the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求 supply exc

15、eeding demand; excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint-equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives; preferential tariff treatment规范行为 to regularize (or

16、 standardize).behavior规模效益 economies of scale国计民生 national interest and peoples livelihood国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals国家风险 country risk国际分工 international division of labor国际收支 balance of payments国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济（部门） the state-owned (or public) sec

17、tor国有企业 state-owned enterprises (SOEs)国有制 state-ownership国有资产流失 erosion of state assets国债回购 government securities repurchase国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities过度竞争 excessive competition过度膨胀 excessive expansion过热迹象 signs of overheating 19合理预期 rational expectation核心资本 core capital合资企

18、业 joint-venture enterprises红利 dividend宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控 macroeconomic management (or adjustment)宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives (or targets)坏账 bad debt还本付息 debt service换汇成本 unit export costlocal currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途 funds

19、in float汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiarys bank汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates活期存款 demand deposits汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment混合所有制 diversified (mixed) ownership货币政策态势 monetary policy stance货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliers 52基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure基本经济要素 ec

20、onomic fundamentals基本适度 broadly appropriate基准利率 benchmark interest rate机关团体存款 deposits of non-profit institutions机会成本 opportunity cost激励机制 incentive mechanism积压严重 heavy stockpile; excessive inventory挤提存款 run on banks挤占挪用 unwarranted diversion of (financial) resources(from designated uses)技改投资 invest

21、ment in technological upgrading技术密集型产品 technology-intensive product计划单列市 municipalities with independent planning status计划经济 planned economy集体经济 the collective sector加大结构调整力度 to intensify structural adjustment加工贸易 processing trade加快态势 accelerating trend加强税收征管稽查 to enhance tax administration加权价 weigh

22、ted average price价格放开 price liberalization价格形成机制 pricing mechanism减亏 to reduce losses简化手续 to cut red tapeto simplify (streamline) procedures交投活跃 brisk trading缴存准备金 to deposit required reserves结构扭曲 structural distortion结构失调 structural imbalance结构性矛盾突出 acute structural imbalance结构优化 structural improve

23、ment (optimization)结汇、售汇 sale and purchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱 financial fragility金融动荡 financial turbulence金融风波 financial disturbance金融恐慌 financial panic金融危机 financial crisis金融压抑 financial repression金融衍生物 financial derivatives金融诈骗 financial fraud紧缩银根 to tighten monetary policy紧缩政策 austerity poli

24、cies; tight financial policies经常账户可兑换 current account convertibility经济特区 special economic zones (SEZs)经济体制改革 economic reform经济增长方式的转变 change in the main source of economic growth (from investment expansion to efficiency gains)经济增长减速 economic slowdownmoderation in economic growth经济制裁 economic sanctio

25、n经营自主权 autonomy in management景气回升 recovery in business activity境外投资 overseas investment竞争加剧 intensifying competition局部性金融风波 localized (isolated) financial disturbance 10开办人民币业务 to engage in RMB business可维持（可持续）经济增长 sustainable economic growth可变成本 variable cost可自由兑换货币 freely convertible currency控制现金投

26、放 control currency issuance扣除物价因素 in real terms; on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品 inventory跨国银行业务 cross-border banking跨年度采购 cross-year procurement会计准则 accounting standard 21来料加工 processing of imported materials for export离岸银行业务 off-shore banking (business)理顺外贸体制 to rationalize foreign trade regime利率杠

27、杆的调节作用 the role of interest rates in resource allocation利润驱动 profit-driven利息回收率 interest collection ratio联行清算 inter-bank settlement连锁企业 franchise (businesses); chain businesses良性循环 virtuous cycle两极分化 growing income disparitypolarization in income distribution零售物价指数 retail price index (RPI)流动性比例 liqu

28、idity ratio流动资产周转率流通速度 velocity of liquid assets流动资金贷款 working capital loans流通体制 distribution system流通网络 distribution network留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hire purchase垄断行业 monopolized industry (sector)乱集资 irregular (illegal) fund raising乱收费 irregular (illegal) charges乱摊派 unjustified (arbitrary) levies 10买方市场 b

29、uyers market卖方市场 sellers market卖出回购证券 matched sale of repo贸易差额 trade balance民间信用 non-institutionalized credit免二减三 exemption of income tax for the first two years of making profit and 50% tax reduction for the following three years明补 explicit subsidy明亏 explicit loss名牌产品 brand products母国（请见东道国） home c

30、ountry 8内部控制 internal control内部审计 internal audit内地与香港 the mainland and Hong Kong内债 domestic debt扭亏为盈 to turn a loss-making enterprise into a profitable one扭曲金融分配 distorted allocation of financial resources农副产品采购支出outlays for agricultural procurement农村信用社 rural credit cooperatives (RCCs) 11泡沫效应 bubble effect泡沫经济 bubble economy培育新的经济增长点 to tap new sources of economic growth片面追求发展速度 excessive pursuit of growth平衡发展 balanced development瓶颈制约 bottleneck (constraints)平稳回升 steady recovery铺底流动资金 initial (start-up) working capital普遍回升 broad-based recovery配套改革 concomitant