经济学专业词汇.docx

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经济学专业词汇.docx

经济学专业词汇

专业词汇

汉英部分 510

A 5

安全网safetynet

按可比口径oncomparablebasis

按轻重缓急toprioritize

暗补implicitsubsidy

暗亏hiddenloss

B 18

颁发营业执照tolicense;tograntalicenseto

办理存款业务totakedeposits

保护农民的生产积极性

toprotectfarmers'incentivetoproduce

备付金(超额准备金)excessreserves

本外币并账

consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts

本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation

本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism

奔小康 tostrivetoprosper

tostrivetobecomewell-to-do

避税(请见"逃税")taxavoidance

币种搭配不当currencymismatch

币种构成currencycomposition

变相社会集资

disguisedirregular(orillegal)fundraising

表外科目(业务)off-balance-sheetitems(operation)

薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes

不变成本fixedcost

不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms

不动产realestate

不良贷款(资产)problemloans;

non-performingloans(assets)

C 39

财务公司financecompanies

财政赤字fiscaldeficit

财政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank(overmonetarypolicy)

财政政策与货币政策的配合

coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies

采取循序渐进的方法

inaphasedandsequencedmanner

操作弹性operationalflexibility

操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate

产品构成productcomposition;productmix

产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory

产销衔接marketability

产业政策industrialpolicy

长期国债treasurybonds

敞口头寸openposition

炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket

承购包销underwrite(securities)

成套机电产品 completesetsofequipment

completeplant(s)

城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives(UCCs)

城市合作银行 urbancooperativebanks

Municipalunitedbanks

城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks

城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅

realgrowthinhouseholdincome

持续升温persistentoverheating

重复布点duplicateprojects

重置成本replacementcost

重组计划restructuringplan

筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels

初见成效initialsuccess

出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports

出口退税exporttaxrebate

储蓄存款householddeposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款,后者不包括。

储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits

储源萎缩

declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings

传导机制transmissionmechanism

从价税advaloremtax

从紧控制tightcontrol

存贷款比例loan/depositratio

存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem

存款货币银行depositmoneybanks

存款准备金requiredreserves

D 31

打白条issueIOU

大额存单certificateofdeposit(CD)

大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts

大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline

大一统的银行体制(all-in-one)mono-banksystem

呆账(请见"坏账")badloans

呆账准备金loanlossreserves(provisions)

呆滞贷款idleloans

贷款沉淀non-performingloans

贷款分类loanclassification

贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling

贷款约束机制

creditdisciplinary(constraint)mechanism

代理国库toactasfiscalagent

代理金融机构贷款

makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions

戴帽贷款ear-markedloans

倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition

道德风险moralhazard

地区差别regionaldisparity

第一产业theprimaryindustry

第二产业thesecondaryindustry

第三产业theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry

递延资产deferrableassets

订货不足insufficientorders

定期存款timedeposits

定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources

东道国(请见"母国")hostcountry

独立核算independentaccounting

短期国债treasurybills

对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging

对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector

多种所有制形式diversifiedownership

E 2

恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation

二级市场secondarymarket

F 22

发行货币toissuecurrency

发行总股本totalstockissue

法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement

法人股institutionalshares

法人股东institutionalshareholders

法治ruleoflaw

房地产投资realestateinvestment

放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy

非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance(ormonitoring)

非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions

非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations

分税制 assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes

taxassignmentsystem

分业经营

segregationoffinancialbusiness(services);divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions

风险暴露(风险敞口)riskexposure

风险管理riskmanagement

风险意识riskawareness

风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios

风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard

服务事业收入publicservicecharges;user'scharges

扶贫povertyalleviation

负增长negativegrowth

复式预算制 double-entrybudgeting

capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccount

G 39

改革试点reformexperimentation

杠杆率leverageratio

杠杆收购leveragedbuyout

高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest

个人股non-institutionalshares

根本扭转fundamentalturnaround(orreversal)

公开市场操作openmarketoperations

公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts

公用事业publicutilities

公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector

公有制publicownership

工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio

工业增加值industrialvalueadded

供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply

鼓励措施incentives

股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises

股份制企业joint-equityenterprises

股份制银行joint-equitybanks

固定资产贷款fixedassetloans

关税减免tariffreductionandexemption

关税减让tariffconcessions

关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment

规范行为toregularize(orstandardize)...behavior

规模效益economiesofscale

国计民生nationalinterestandpeople'slivelihood

国家对个人其他支出

othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals

国家风险countryrisk

国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor

国际收支balanceofpayments

国有独资商业银行

whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks

国有经济(部门)thestate-owned(orpublic)sector

国有企业state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)

国有制state-ownership

国有资产流失erosionofstateassets

国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase

国债一级自营商

primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities

过度竞争excessivecompetition

过度膨胀excessiveexpansion

过热迹象signsofoverheating

H 19

合理预期rationalexpectation

核心资本corecapital

合资企业joint-ventureenterprises

红利dividend

宏观经济运营良好

soundmacroeconomicperformance

宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals

宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)

宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives(ortargets)

坏账baddebt

还本付息debtservice

换汇成本 unitexportcost

localcurrencycostofexportearnings

汇兑在途fundsinfloat

汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiary'sbank

汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates

活期存款demanddeposits

汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment

混合所有制diversified(mixed)ownership

货币政策态势monetarypolicystance

货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliers

 

J 52

基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure

基本经济要素economicfundamentals

基本适度broadlyappropriate

基准利率benchmarkinterestrate

机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions

机会成本opportunitycost

激励机制incentivemechanism

积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory

挤提存款runonbanks

挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof(financial)resources(fromdesignateduses)

技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading

技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct

计划单列市

municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus

计划经济plannedeconomy

集体经济thecollectivesector

加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment

加工贸易processingtrade

加快态势acceleratingtrend

加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration

加权价weightedaverageprice

价格放开priceliberalization

价格形成机制pricingmechanism

减亏toreducelosses

简化手续 tocutredtape

tosimplify(streamline)procedures

交投活跃brisktrading

缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves

结构扭曲structuraldistortion

结构失调structuralimbalance

结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance

结构优化structuralimprovement(optimization)

结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange

金融脆弱financialfragility

金融动荡financialturbulence

金融风波financialdisturbance

金融恐慌financialpanic

金融危机financialcrisis

金融压抑financialrepression

金融衍生物financialderivatives

金融诈骗financialfraud

紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy

紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies

经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility

经济特区specialeconomiczones(SEZs)

经济体制改革economicreform

经济增长方式的转变

changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth(frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains)

经济增长减速 economicslowdown

moderationineconomicgrowth

经济制裁economicsanction

经营自主权autonomyinmanagement

景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity

境外投资overseasinvestment

竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition

局部性金融风波

localized(isolated)financialdisturbance

 

K 10

开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness

可维持(可持续)经济增长

sustainableeconomicgrowth

可变成本variablecost

可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency

控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance

扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis

库存产品inventory

跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking

跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement

会计准则accountingstandard

L 21

来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport

离岸银行业务off-shorebanking(business)

理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime

利率杠杆的调节作用

theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation

利润驱动profit-driven

利息回收率interestcollectionratio

联行清算inter-banksettlement

连锁企业franchise(businesses);chainbusinesses

良性循环virtuouscycle

两极分化 growingincomedisparity

polarizationinincomedistribution

零售物价指数retailpriceindex(RPI)

流动性比例liquidityratio

流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets

流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans

流通体制distributionsystem

流通网络distributionnetwork

留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物)hirepurchase

垄断行业monopolizedindustry(sector)

乱集资irregular(illegal)fundraising

乱收费irregular(illegal)charges

乱摊派unjustified(arbitrary)levies

 

M 10

买方市场buyer'smarket

卖方市场seller'smarket

卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo

贸易差额tradebalance

民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit

免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears

明补explicitsubsidy

明亏explicitloss

名牌产品brandproducts

母国(请见"东道国")homecountry

N 8

内部控制internalcontrol

内部审计internalaudit

内地与香港themainlandandHongKong

内债domesticdebt

扭亏为盈

toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone

扭曲金融分配

distortedallocationoffinancialresources

农副产品采购支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement

农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives(RCCs)

P 11

泡沫效应bubbleeffect

泡沫经济bubbleeconomy

培育新的经济增长点

totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth

片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth

平衡发展balanceddevelopment

瓶颈制约bottleneck(constraints)

平稳回升steadyrecovery

铺底流动资金initial(start-up)workingcapital

普遍回升broad-basedrecovery

配套改革concomitant

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