孔子.docx

1、孔子EUCON INTERNATIONAL COLLEGECONFUCIUSA PROJECT SUBMITTED TOMR. HARPERIN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OFTHE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE COURSEHI 101HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION I BYTONY DUANBOX 500087CKSAIPAN, MARIANAS PACIFIC26 NOVEMBER 2012Pledge In this paper, every OPINION from someone else has been indicated by a r

2、eference number placed at the end of that information. I realize that the mere presence of a reference number does not avoid plagiarism. If I have used the exact words, phrases, clauses, or sentences of someone else, I have enclosed that information in quotation marks. If I have paraphrased the opin

3、ions of someone else, I have not enclosed the paraphrase in quotation marks; but I have stated those opinions in my own words. I have also introduced the paraphrase and put a reference number at the end of it. All FACTUAL INFORMATION (common knowledge or uncontested knowledge), though not credited w

4、ith a reference number, has been stated in my sentence structure. I have not used anyone elses organization of the facts. This paper is my own work. No one has helped me in the preparation or writing of this paper. Signed: Tony Duan ConfuciusThesis: Confucius is a great man in Chinas history.I. The

5、life of Confucius A. The early life of Confucius B. The political life of Confucius C. The later period of Confucius II. The teaching of Confucius A. The introduction of Confucianism B. The Creed of Confucius C. The development of traditions III. The influence of Confucius A. The influence of Confuc

6、ius on Chinas history The influence of Confucius on other countries history Confucius Confucius is a well-known Chinese philosopher. He had a great influence on the development of the civilization of China. Most of his teachings had a profound impact on the history of China both in the past and even

7、 today. People still viewed him as a great person being honored and respected. The ideas that he developed made a huge difference in the history of China. Thus, Confucius was a great man in Chinas history. Confucius was known in Chinese as “KongZi”, and he was born in the state of Lu, during the sec

8、ond half Zhou Dynasty around 551-479 B.C. His father died since he was young, and he had a poor life; however, through hard labor to other rich families, he got a good education. When he grew up, he learnt to exercise the traditions from the original Zhou Dynasty. Since he was young, he loved knowin

9、g the rituals of sacrifices. He obtained a good knowledge of rituals in that time, and this practice might be the reason that he had a highly view on the importance of rituals in the later time. In his early age experiences, he developed good characters and virtues as well. Not long after that, Conf

10、ucius was appointed as a low officer in government in his middle age. In his political period, he did give many helpful advices to the Prince of Lu, the act which helped the Prince to be a powerful ruler. At this time, Confucius lived a better life, and he started to develop his philosophy. Soon, Co

11、nfucius found that there are serious corruptions was going on in the government, he was disappointed with the situations that happened in the government. He resigned from the government and started to teach in private studying places. At this time, he realized that the only thing that he can do was

12、to educate the right thoughts to young people. He began to gather students and prepare to teach; because of his good reputation in the state of Lu, many people come and follow him. Confucius donated a large amount of time in his teaching career from then on.During his teaching time, he got few favor

13、ite students; he was pleased with their diligent work as well. Sadly, in the advanced years of Confucius, his only son and one of the most favorite students died about that time. He had unhappy day since then, and he found no government would support his ideas on the issues of running a government.

14、Confucius died in 479 B.C. Some of his students gathered his teachings and sayings in a collection known as Lunyu (Analects). In the later time, the teaching of Confucius soon spread out, many of his teachings was being accepted. The philosophy that Confucius held eventually strengthened as Confucia

15、nism. People started to view more on his teaching, and they think Confucius was a wise and courageous man. “Ren”, “Yi” and “Li” were the three fundamental concepts that Confucius introduced in general. Chinese people today still view those three concepts as the important principles of daily living.

16、“Ren” means “benevolence” or “humaneness”, and it is the basis of all other virtues. He also developed a practical golden. It is also similar to what Bible taught that we should love others. An author stated “He Confucius believed that Ren would be put into action using the Golden Rule, What you do

17、not wish for yourself, do not do to others.(Lunyu 12.2, 6.30).” Another word “Li” means “rituals” or “ceremonies”. This word showed that Confucius had view ceremonies very important. “Yi” means “righteousness or being proper”. These three virtues then became the basic characters of people. The creed

18、 of Confucianism is centered on the ideas of “Ren”, “Li”, and “Yi” three virtues as well. He taught his students that they should focus on a single doctrine of his teaching deeply whenever they study. He never viewed himself as the creator of these traditional wise sayings and the civilizational tho

19、ughts, but as a transmitter of them. The traditions that Confucius developed had influenced Chinese for centuries. Various forms of teachings developed later followed the concepts and pattern that he had set at that time. The traditions that Confucius had left is still using today. For example, the

20、examination of going to school or entering to government is still used as a standard. Through these teachings and traditions, Confucius wanted to civilize the students to “gentlemen” and government to a self-disciplined system. His teachings had an enormously influence on the progress of China. He i

21、s probably the most important person in Chinas history The influence of Confucius to Chinas history is beyond doubt. His teachings had guided many illustrious thinkers followed him as well. Many of his students had important positions in the educational field. He had created a class of Confucian sch

22、olars to be the most powerful men in the empire. His followers Mencius and Xunzi are also renowned for their teaching and thinking. The teaching of Confucius about the human virtue and techniques of teaching people ethically and morally is still meaningful to the educators nowadays, and it had becom

23、e a part of Chinese culture as well. Although Confucius did not write any book at one could find today, his teachings had passed into Chinese culture. He is the most influential person in Chinas history. On the other hand, the influence of Confucius had also impressed on the other countries history.

24、 The famous writer James L Tyson also stated in his article “Many surrounding Asian countries have adopted aspects of Chinese culture, including Confucianism.” Scholars in different countries can find the records of Confucius or the teaching of Confucius effortlessly in their history. William Durant

25、 stated that One of the great Japanese Confucian, Ogyu Sorai, once made the statement: “all the Japanese, he said, explicitly including himself, were barbarians; only the Chinese were civilized; and if there is anything that ought to be said, it has already been said by the ancient kings or Confuciu

26、s.” Certainly, it is true that the philosophy of Confucius had a great impact to other countries civilizations and history. In conclusion, Confucius was a remarkable man in Chinas history. He contributed countless precious teachings and sayings to the generations after him through his life. His stan

27、d had a great influence on the development of Chinese civilization and made crucial changes in Chinas history. BibliographyBio true stories, Confucius Biography, Bio true stories, (accessed on Nov 2, 2012).Chodorow, Stanley. Macgergor Knox, and Conrad Schirokauer, The Stream of Civilization (Austral

28、ia: Ted Bucholze, 1969), 570-571.Confucius. Microsoft Student 2007 DVD. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation, 2006.David from Seeraa International, General Introduction of Confucius in Brief, Serraa Intl, spirituality/confucius.html (assessed on Oct 20, 2012).Durant, Will. The Story of Civilization 1:

29、 Our Oriental Heritage (New York: The Haddon Cradrsmen, INC. 1963) 873.Famous People, Confucius, Famous People, (accessed Nov. 12, 2012).Michael, Collins. Confucius Biography, World Biography, (assessed Oct 18, 2012).Tyson, James L. The Legacy of Confucius, The Christian Science Monitor, (assessed on Nov 13, 2012).