研究生英语读写佳境.docx

1、研究生英语读写佳境Unit 21.On the average of six times a day,a doctor in Holland practices “active”euthanasia:intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of suffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no

2、 hope that it can effect an ultimate cure.荷兰的医生平均每天6次实施“主动”安乐死：即有意提供给要求从痛苦中得以解脱的晚期病人致命药物。当彻底治愈病人已经无望，（医生）将不再对病人进行保命式治疗，这样的情况一天有20次。2.The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness.争论了很久的“

3、安乐死”问题最近时不时地演变成激烈的公众大争论，双方都声称自己的事业是最终的正义。3.And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force.They argue that every human being should have the right to “die with dignity”, by which they usually meanthe right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization.因此，安

4、乐死提倡者们已开始积极主张他们的观点。他们认为人人有权利“死得有尊严”，他们通常指即有权逃避痛苦的或者有损人格的住院治疗的恐惧。4.Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia contend that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill,but the movement also includes a small minority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decid

5、es to take his own life.许多自愿安乐死的倡导者认为这种权利只能给予那些得了不治之症或病入膏肓的病人，但在此运动中也包括一小部分认为任何理智地决定结束自己生命的人也可以安乐死。 6.A French group called the Association for Prevention of Handicapped Childhood recently urged passage of legislation that would allow doctors to kill gravely handicapped children during the first 72

6、hours after their birth. The proposal produced a storm of outrage in France.一个名为预防残疾童年协会的法国团体最近极力主张通过立法允许医生在婴儿出生后72小时内结束那些严重残疾的儿童的生命。此提案在法国引起轩然大波。 Unit 31.Apart from marriage, a journey to a new place, a drive on the road, a ride in an airplane, a business transaction, even a chance remark may resul

7、t immediately or ultimately in tragedy.除了婚姻，到一个陌生的地方去旅行，在路上开车，坐飞机，进行一次生意上的交易，甚至于一次无意间说的话可能马上或最终导致悲剧的发生。2.To many of us, gambling is, in many cases,a non-toxic drag against boredom and apathy,and may well help preserve good temper,patience and optimism,which will do us a world of good.对我们中的许多人来说，在很多情

8、况下赌博是一种用来应对无聊和无趣的无毒的良药。它极有可能有助于我们保持良好的心态，使我们有耐心、乐观向上，这将使我们获益匪浅。3.As a matter of fact, few of us have the right to condemn gambling as few of us can say that they never gamble even if it is only investing a few pence in a football sweep or a “luck dip”.事实上，我们中很少有人有权利去谴责赌博，因为很少有人敢说他们从不赌博哪怕只是把很少的钱用于赌一场

9、足球比赛的全胜或用来摸彩袋。4.If a man makes gambling an obsession almost a from of insanity he will not only lose his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his dignity and conscience.如果一个人沉迷于赌博几近疯狂的程度他将不仅失去经过多年辛勤工作得来的财产，也会失去他的尊严和良知。5.If one sticks to his limits, it is more a game of fun than t

10、he root of all evils.假如一个人始终在有限的范围内赌博，那么赌博更像是一种娱乐的游戏而不是万恶之根源。 Unit 51.The search for an answer brings you face to face with problems that are at once both the bane and lifeblood of virtually all research into human emotions.探索这个答案使你面对一些问题，这是些实际上在所有探索人类情感的研究中都会碰到的重要与非重要的问题。 4.Provine is one of the fe

11、w researchers trying to go beyond anecdote and speculation by looking at laughter as an animal behaviorist might study birdsong or a wolfs howl.Provine是为数不多的研究者之一：他没像动物学家研究鸟鸣或狼嚎那样，仅仅凭一些传闻和主观臆测来研究笑。5.Studies show that people are 30 times more likely to laugh in social settings than when they are alon

12、e.研究表明人们在社交场景下比独处时（缺少电视机这样的虚拟社会刺激物的情况下）笑的可能性多30倍。6.To many researchers, laughter is about strengthening social bonds.对许多研究者来说，笑声是有关增强社会联系的。7.Many politicians and other public speakers understand the power of laughter to break down barriers and forge a connection with their audience.许多政治家和公众演讲者认识到了笑具

13、有能消除隔阂并与他们的听众建立一种联系的能力。8.By inviting the audience to join him in laughter,Kennedy bridged much of the social gap between his wealthy, noble status and ordinary voters.通过邀约听众和他一起笑，肯尼迪弥合了他富有而高贵的身份与普通民众之间的差距。9.But laughter can exclude as well as include, as another American President learnt to his lost

14、.但是笑能使自己融入团体之中，同样也能使自己被排除在团体之外，这是另外一位美国总统付出了代价才意识到的。10.Gruner believes that laughter originated from the cry of triumph and mock that a fighter might utter when he defeats his foe.Gruner认为笑起源于战士在击败敌人时发出的胜利的喊声与嘲弄声。Unit 7 2.Globalization not only increases individual freedom, but also revitalizes cult

15、ures and artifacts through foreign influences, technologies, and markets. Thriving cultures are not set in stone.They are forever changing from within and without.全球化不仅赋予我们更多的个人自由，而且通过国外文化，技术以及市场的影响使文化和文化工艺品重现活力。欣欣向荣的文化并非一成不变，而是经历从内部到外部不断变化的过程。3.In some ways, America is an outlier, not a global lead

16、er. Most of the world has adopted the metric system born from the French Revolution;America persists with antiquated measurements inherited from its British-Colonial past.从某些方面而言，美国是一外来者而非全球领导者。世界上多数国家已采用源于法国大革命的公制计量单位，而美国仍在沿用过时的英国殖民时期的计量单位。 5.With one big exception: 6.To some extent,then,Hollywood

17、is a global industry that just happens to be in America.Rather than exporting Americana, it serves up pap to appeal to a global audience.从某种程度上而言，好莱坞是一全球化产业，恰巧出现在美国。好莱坞不是在宣扬美国文化，而是提供了供消遣的东西来吸引全球的观众。7.Germans once objected to soccer because it was deemed English;now their soccer team is emblematic of

18、 national pride.德国人曾经抵制足球因为足球被认为是英国人的体育运动，然而现在他们的足球队是国民骄傲的象征。8.English may be all-conquering outside America, but it some parts of the United States, it is now second to Spanish.Half of the 50million new inhabitants expected in America in the next 25 years will be immigrants or the children of immig

19、rants.英语可完全征服美国以外的地方，但在美国的一些地方，英语现在却屈从于西班牙语。在接下来的25年里，约有两千五百万新的居民将是移民或是移民的子孙。 Unit 91.Few understand the magnitude of the potential tragedy, fewer still have a good idea of what to do about it.没有人理解这场潜在悲剧的严重性，更没有人有为此做点什么的好想法。 3.The 20 years since that meeting have seem the birth of a worldwide envir

20、onmental movement,the emergence of thousands of grass roots environmental organizations, and the proliferation of environmental laws and regulations in nations around the world.自从那次会议后，这20年见证了世界环保运动的诞生：数千个基层环保组织的出现，以及世界各国环保法规的激增。4.These fundamental assaults on the atmosphere are coursed almost entir

21、ely by rich nations that use most of the fossil fuels and ozone depleting chemicals. Yet, the long term losts will be borne by humanity as a whole.对大气造成的根本性破坏是由那些使用大部分的矿物燃料和耗臭氧化学物质的富裕国家引起的。然而长期的代价却要整个人类来承担。5.In many nations,environmental degradation is now recognized as a key barrier to governmentsa

22、bility to meet basic needs and sustain living standards.在许多国家，环境恶化现在被认为是制约政府满足人民基本需求和维持人民基本生活水平的关键障碍。6.Stabilizing the climate, for example, depends on restructuring national energy polities. Getting the brakes on population growth requires fundamental changes in social values and services.So far, o

23、nly a handful of countries have undertaken such initiatives.例如使气候稳定取决于重新构建国家的能源政策。控制人口的增长需要社会价值观和服务的根本改变。到目前为止，只有为数不多的国家已采取了这样的倡议。7.The growth in Third World jobs has fallen short of population growth,learning tens of millions unemployed and hundreds of millions underemployed. Even more people lack

24、access to clean water, adequate health care, and a full and balance diet.第三世界工作岗位的增加低于人口的增长，使得数百万的人失业，数亿的人就业不足。甚至更多的人没有机会使用洁净的水，得到足够的健康保健和全面而均衡的饮食。8.Once the self-reinforcing trends of environmental degradation and deepening poverty are too deeply established, only a superhuman effort could break th

25、e cycle and reverse the trend.一旦环境恶化和日益加剧的贫困之间形成的自我强化的趋势根深蒂固，只有超人的努力才能打破循环扭转局面。汉译英：1.不少病入膏肓者为了求得解脱往往要求医生使用致命药物，也有一些病人家属觉得彻底治愈病人已经无望，因此要求医生不要对病人再进行保命式的治疗。最近，“安乐死”这一问题在欧洲国家已酿成一场激烈的大争论。Quite a few terminally ill patients would often ask their doctors to administer lethal drugs to them to be relieved of

26、 suffering.There are also some of their families who would ask the doctors to withdraw the life-prolonging treatment since there is no hope of effecting an ultimate cure. This euthanasia issue has lately boiled into a fierce public debate in some European countries.2.反对者认为“安乐死”无异于谋杀，是不符合伦理道德的。 While

27、 the pro-euthanasists contend that the incurably ill consider their existence more of a torment,why not let them end their lives in a decent and human way? We ought to respect the patientsfinal decision.3.人们对“安乐死”可能被人滥用或不必要的使用的担心不无道理，但只要政府和有关方面措施得力，医院严格控制，这个问题最终或许可以得到解决。The fear that “mercy killing”

28、 will be abused or used unnecessarily is not groundless. But if the government and the departments concerned take some effective measures, or the hospitals have some strict control over the situation, the problem would be solved in the end.2.一旦一个人沉溺于赌，他不仅会挥霍掉多年辛勤工作换来的财产，而且也会失去自尊和良知。所以奉劝这类人赶紧打住停手，脱离无

29、穷的烦恼。If a man makes gambling an obsession, he wills not only splash about his property gained through years of toil, he will also lose his own dignity and conscience.Therefore it is advisable that these people should stop gambling so that they can get rid of the endless troubles.3.从好的方面来看，如果我们在与命运的抗

30、争中胜出，形式又对我们非常有利。那么这时，赌或冒险就不再是一种致命的毒药，而是一种摆脱无聊和无趣的良方，很有可能会有助于我们保持好心情，有耐心和乐观向上，而这会给我们带来无穷的好处。On the bright side of the coin, we win in the struggle against destiny, and the odds are in our favor.Then gambling is not longer a toxic drug, rather it is one against boredom and apathy, and may well preserv

31、e our good temper, patience and optimism, which will do us a world of good.1.笑扮演的作用与角色比人们想象的复杂，发笑的原因众说纷纭， 人们不仅在感觉良好时会由衷地笑，而且回应对方一些普通的话时或在一些不是令人舒服的场景中也会笑。 如对滑稽可笑的东西感到惊讶时，会自然地发笑；感到很窘迫、不知所措时难免也会笑。For example, when people are surprised at funny- looking things, they may laugh naturally. They laugh when

32、they feel awkward and dont know what to do.甚至面临威胁时，笑可以作为一种舒缓紧张气氛的方法。Even when they feel threatened,laughter may serve as a way of calming down the tense atmosphere.2.我们为什么笑？令人信服的解释有待更多的证明。但全世界人们都相信笑有很多好处。Why do we laugh? A convincing explanation waits for more confirmation. But people all over the world are convinced that it is pretty good to laugh.笑能使人们保持身心健康，笑可以作为人与人之间交流的润滑剂， 因为研究表明人们在社会交际场合中笑的可能性比独处时大，笑能消除人们之间的障碍，建立相互之间的联系。because studies have shown that people are more likely to laugh in social setting than in solitude,and it c