微缩版英美文学.docx

1、微缩版英美文学微缩版英美文学作家、作品英国部分古英语Old English 450-1066 Beowulf中世纪英语(文学) Medieval English 1066 - middle 14th century乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer - the father of English poetry The Canterbury Tales first time to use heroic couplet 英雄体双行诗文艺复兴(含义)The Renaissance - rebirth or revival人文主义Humanism - the essence of the Renai

2、ssance, the dignity of human being & the importance of the present life1.斯宾塞Edmund Spenser - the poets poet The Faerie Queene 诗人中的诗人 仙后2.马洛Christopher Marlowe - University Wits, the pioneer of English drama Blank verse无韵诗体, hyperbole夸张浮士德博士的悲剧 Dr. Faustus- the human passion for knowledge, power and

3、happiness 对知识、权利、幸福的追求The Passionate Shepherd to His Love pastoral(牧人的,田园的) life3.莎士比亚William Shakespeare - above all writers in the past and in the present time四大悲剧Four tragedies - Hamlet, Othello, King Lear & Macbeth十四行诗第18首 Sonnet 18 eternal or immortal beauty威尼斯商人The Merchant of Venice to praise

4、 the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia a heroine of great beauty, wit and loyalty, to expose the insatiable greed and brutality 哈姆雷特 Hamlet hesitate between fact and fiction, language and action, too sophisticated to degrade his nature to the conventional role of a stage re

5、venger (复仇者) To be, or not to be - to live on in this world or to die; to suffer or to take action Soliloquy（独白）or monologue - fully reveal the inner conflict of the characters 4.培根Francis Bacon - brevity, compactness(简洁) & powerfulness, his essays is an important landmark in the development of Engl

6、ish prose Inductive method 归纳法 in place of deductive method 演绎法论学习Of Studies uses and benefits of study - studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Studies perfect nature, and are perfected by experience. Different ways adopted by different people to pursue studies - studies and expe

7、rience are complementary to each other. The correct attitude to reading books - to weigh and consider. How studies exert influence over human character - reading maketh a full man, conference a ready man, and writing an exact man.5.邓恩John Donne 玄学诗派metaphysical poetry - break away from love poetry,

8、a seemingly unfocused diversity of experiences and attitudes, and a free range of feelings and moods Conceits, syllogism 三段论日出The Sun Rising the busy sun is always ready to interfere with other things and everywhere致死神Death, Be Not Proud whatever you are, you can not escape from death. When you are

9、living, you are always in the shadow of death. Death only lasts a moment, our life after death is eternal. The more pleasure the death gives people, not only the pleasure of the rest & the sleep, because whom the gods love die young. Though death is usually considered powerful, it actually provides

10、a rest for a mans body and a birth for his soul.6.弥尔顿John Milton失乐园Paradise Lost the only generally acknowledged epic in English literature since Beowulf. The conflict is between human love and spiritual duty. In heaven, Satan led a rebellion against God with his unconquerable will.复乐园Paradise Regai

11、ned力士参孙Samson Agonistes the most perfect example of the verse drama after the Greek style in English. 新古典主义Neoclassicism - a revival of interest in the old classical works, order, logic, restrained emotion（抑制情感）& accuracy（怯懦）启蒙思想(运动) Enlightenment - a progressive intellectual movement, reason (ratio

12、nality), equality & science哥特式小说Gothic novel - mystery, horror & castles（神秘、恐怖）7.班扬John Bunyan(“浮华集市”) The Vanity Fair from 天路历程The Pilgrims Progress, a religious allegory (寓言), pursue the truth8.蒲伯Alexander Pope论批评An Essay on Criticism a poem written in heroic couplets, criticize the present poem l

13、ack of true taste & call on people to turn to the old Greek and Roman writers for guidance, true wit is best set in a plain (simple & clear) style.9. 笛福Daniel Defoe - the first writer study of the lower-class people罗宾汉Robinson Crusoe, praise the human labor and the Puritan fortitude（清教徒坚韧）10.斯威夫特Jon

14、athan Swift - a master satirist讽刺作家. In his opinion, human nature is seriously and permanently flawed（有瑕疵的）“ Proper words in proper places”温和的建议A Modest Proposal格列佛游记Gullivers Travels, four parts - Lilliput, Brobdingnag, Flying Island & Houyhnhnm 11.菲尔丁Henry Fielding 英语小说之父 Father of English novel,

15、Prose Homer Comic epic in prose 汤姆琼斯The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling12.约翰逊Samuel Johnson - first combine an English dictionary, last neoclassicist enlightener英文字典A Dictionary of the English Language致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信 To the Right Honorable the Earl of Chesterfield13. 谢里丹Richard Brinsley Sheridan - the

16、 only important English dramatist of the 18th century情敌The Rivals and造谣学校 The School for Scandal are regarded as important links between the masterpieces of Shakespeare and those of Bernard Shaw.14.格雷Thomas GrayThe Graveyard(墓地) School写在教堂墓地的挽歌Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard浪漫传奇Romantic - emot

17、ion over reason, spontaneous emotion, a change from the outer world of social civilization to the inner world of the human spirit（人文主义精神）, poetry should be free from all rules, imagination, nature, commonplaceThe romantic period began with the publication of Wordsworth and Coleridges Lyrical Ballads

18、 浪漫主义时期 The Romantic Period15.布莱克William Blake -engraver扫烟囱的人The Chimney Sweeper from天真与经验之歌Songs of Innocence a happy and innocence world from childrens eye; The Chimney Sweeper from 经验之歌Songs of Experience a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression with a melancholy 忧郁的tone from men e

19、yes Childhood, paradoxes, a pairing of opposites; 泰戈 The Tyger 16.华兹华斯William Wordsworth - the leading figure of the English romantic poetry, simple, spontaneous自发的, worshipper of nature Lake Poets - William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge & Robert Southey（骚赛）He defines the poet as a man speakin

20、g to men, and poetry as the spontaneous overflow（洋溢） of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected（沉思默想的）in tranquility（安静）“我孤独地游荡，就象一朵云”I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud the poet is very cheerful with recalling the beautiful sights. In the poem on the beauty of nature, the reader is pres

21、ented a vivid picture of lively and lovely daffodils 水仙 and poets philosophical ideas and mystical thoughts.威斯敏斯特桥上,1802年9月3日Composed upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802 the sonnet describes a vivid picture of a beautiful morning in London, silent, bright, glittering, smokeless & mildly. It i

22、s so touching a sight that the poet expressed his religion piety （虔诚）for nature.绿竹She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways孤独的割麦女The Solitary Reaper thanks to poets rich imagination, the mass of associations, this commonplace happening becomes a striking event, the poet succeeds in making the readers share

23、 his emotion. The poem also shows the poets passionate love of nature.17.柯勒律治Samuel Taylor Coleridge - supernatural, remote Poet can be divided into two groups - the demonic (supernatural) & the conversational(对话的)The demonic group includes 3 masterpieces 古舟子咏(又,老水手之行)The Rime of the Ancient Mariner

24、,库里斯特白(克里斯塔贝尔) Christabel ,忽必列汗Kubla Khan18.拜伦George Gordon Byron拜伦式英雄Byronic hero is a proud, mysterious rebel figure of noble origin（贵族血统）, against tyrannical（残暴的）rules or moral principles. Such a hero appears first in恰尔德哈罗德游记Childe Harolds Pilgrimage.Song for the Luddites will die fighting, or li

25、ve free the Luddites destroyed the machines in their protest against unemployment. The poets great sympathy of the workers in their struggle against the capitalists is clearly shown.The Isles of Greece from唐璜 Don Juan (the masterpiece of Byron, a long satirical poem), song by a Greek singer at the w

26、edding of Don Juan and Haidee. Fill high the bowl with Samian wine?19.雪莱Percy Bysshe Shelley致英国人民Men of England西风颂Ode to the West Wind terza rima三行体, destructive-constructive potential, hopeful, I fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!, If Winter comes, can spring be far behind?20.济慈John Keats4 grea

27、t odes 忧郁颂Ode on Melancholy,希腊古瓮颂 Ode on a Grecian Urn, 夜莺颂Ode to a Nightingale, 倦怠颂Ode to PsycheOde on a Grecian Urn the contrast between the permanence of art and the transience of human passion, Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard are sweeter, Beauty is truth, truth beauty21.简奥斯汀Jane Aust

28、en傲慢与偏见Pride and PrejudiceThe Victorian Period达尔文物种起源Darwins The Origin of Species and 人类起源The Descent of Man shook the traditional faith, everything is created by God Utilitarianism（功利主义）was widely accepted and practiced Critical realists were all concerned about the fate of the common people 维多利亚时

29、期 The Victorian Period22.狄更斯Charles Dickens - one of the greatest critical realist writers（批判现实主义作家）of the Victorian Age（维多利亚时代）Character-portrayal is the most distinguishing feature of his works A mingling of humor and pathos（悲伤,惆怅）双城记A Tale of Two Cities 雾都孤儿Oliver Twist23.勃朗蒂姐妹The Bront Sisters -

30、 Charlotte, Emily & Anne Bront, a rather reserved and simple girl, was very much a child of nature.简爱Jane Eyre 呼啸山庄Wuthering Heights24.丁尼生Alfred Tennyson - invents dramatic monologue, Poet Laureate（桂冠诗人）, a real artist拍吧, 拍吧, 拍吧Break, Break, Break the death of his best friend, his sadness feeling ar

31、e contrasted with the carefree, innocent joys of the children and the unfeeling movement of the ship and the sea waves过沙洲Crossing the Bar we can feel his fearlessness towards death, his faith in God and an afterlife. Crossing the bar means leaving this world and entering the next world“尤利西斯”Ulysses not endure the peaceful commonplace（平凡的事）everyday life, old as he is, he persuades his old followers to go with him and to set sail again to pursue a new world and new knowledge, dramatic monologue, Myself not least, but honourd of them all means I am