微缩版英美文学.docx
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微缩版英美文学
〖微缩版〗英美文学"作家、作品
英国部分
◆古英语OldEnglish450-1066《Beowulf》
◆中世纪英语（文学）MedievalEnglish1066-middle14thcentury
乔叟GeoffreyChaucer-thefatherofEnglishpoetry 《TheCanterburyTales》firsttimetouse'heroiccouplet'英雄体双行诗
文艺复兴（含义）TheRenaissance-rebirthorrevival
人文主义Humanism-theessenceoftheRenaissance,thedignityofhumanbeing&theimportanceofthepresentlife
1.斯宾塞EdmundSpenser-thepoets'poet《TheFaerieQueene》诗人中的诗人《仙后》
2.马洛ChristopherMarlowe-UniversityWits,thepioneerofEnglishdrama Blankverse无韵诗体,hyperbole夸张
浮士德博士的悲剧《Dr.Faustus》--thehumanpassionforknowledge,powerandhappiness对知识、权利、幸福的追求
《ThePassionateShepherdtoHisLove》pastoral（牧人的,田园的）life
3.莎士比亚WilliamShakespeare-aboveallwritersinthepastandinthepresenttime
四大悲剧Fourtragedies-Hamlet,Othello,KingLear&Macbeth
十四行诗第18首《Sonnet18》eternalorimmortalbeauty
《威尼斯商人》《TheMerchantofVenice》topraisethefriendshipbetweenAntonioandBassanio,toidealizePortiaaheroineofgreatbeauty,witandloyalty,toexposetheinsatiablegreedandbrutality
《哈姆雷特》《Hamlet》hesitatebetweenfactandfiction,languageandaction,toosophisticatedtodegradehisnaturetotheconventionalroleofastagerevenger（复仇者） Tobe,ornottobe-toliveoninthisworldortodie;tosufferortotakeaction
Soliloquy（独白）ormonologue-fullyrevealtheinnerconflictofthecharacters
4.培根FrancisBacon-brevity,compactness（简洁）&powerfulness,hisessaysisanimportantlandmarkinthedevelopmentofEnglishproseInductivemethod归纳法inplaceofdeductivemethod演绎法
《论学习》《OfStudies》usesandbenefitsofstudy-studiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Studiesperfectnature,andareperfectedbyexperience.Differentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies-studiesandexperiencearecomplementarytoeachother.Thecorrectattitudetoreadingbooks-toweighandconsider.Howstudiesexertinfluenceoverhumancharacter-readingmakethafullman,conferenceareadyman,andwritinganexactman.
5.邓恩JohnDonne
玄学诗派metaphysicalpoetry-breakawayfromlovepoetry,aseeminglyunfocuseddiversityofexperiencesandattitudes,andafreerangeoffeelingsandmoodsConceits,syllogism三段论
《日出》《TheSunRising》thebusysunisalwaysreadytointerferewithotherthingsandeverywhere
《致死神》《Death,BeNotProud》whateveryouare,youcannotescapefromdeath.Whenyouareliving,youarealwaysintheshadowofdeath.Deathonlylastsamoment,ourlifeafterdeathiseternal.Themorepleasurethedeathgivespeople,notonlythepleasureoftherest&thesleep,because'whomthegodslovedieyoung'.Thoughdeathisusuallyconsideredpowerful,itactuallyprovidesarestforaman'sbodyandabirthforhissoul.
6.弥尔顿JohnMilton
《失乐园》《ParadiseLost》theonlygenerallyacknowledgedepicinEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf.Theconflictisbetweenhumanloveandspiritualduty.Inheaven,SatanledarebellionagainstGodwithhisunconquerablewill.
《复乐园》《ParadiseRegained》
《力士参孙》《SamsonAgonistes》themostperfectexampleoftheversedramaaftertheGreekstyleinEnglish.
新古典主义Neoclassicism-arevivalofinterestintheoldclassicalworks,order,logic,restrainedemotion（抑制情感）&accuracy（怯懦）
启蒙思想（运动）Enlightenment-aprogressiveintellectualmovement,reason（rationality）,equality&science
哥特式小说Gothicnovel-mystery,horror&castles（神秘、恐怖）
7.班扬JohnBunyan
（“浮华集市”）《TheVanityFair》from《天路历程》《ThePilgrim'sProgress》,areligiousallegory（寓言）,pursuethetruth
8..蒲伯AlexanderPope
《论批评》《AnEssayonCriticism》apoemwritteninheroiccouplets,criticizethepresentpoemlackoftruetaste&callonpeopletoturntotheoldGreekandRomanwritersforguidance,'truewit'isbestsetinaplain（simple&clear）style.
9.笛福DanielDefoe-thefirstwriterstudyofthelower-classpeople《罗宾汉》《RobinsonCrusoe》,praisethehumanlaborandthePuritanfortitude（清教徒坚韧）
10.斯威夫特JonathanSwift-amastersatirist讽刺作家.Inhisopinion,humannatureisseriouslyandpermanentlyflawed（有瑕疵的） “Properwordsinproperplaces”
《温和的建议》《AModestProposal》
《格列佛游记》《Gulliver'sTravels》,fourparts-Lilliput,Brobdingnag,FlyingIsland&Houyhnhnm
11.菲尔丁HenryFielding–英语小说之父FatherofEnglishnovel,ProseHomerComicepicinprose
《汤姆·琼斯》《TheHistoryofTomJones,aFoundling》
12.约翰逊SamuelJohnson-firstcombineanEnglishdictionary,lastneoclassicistenlightener
《英文字典》《ADictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage》
《致切斯特菲尔德勋爵的信》《TotheRightHonorabletheEarlofChesterfield》
13.谢里丹RichardBrinsleySheridan-theonlyimportantEnglishdramatistofthe18thcentury
《情敌》《TheRivals》and《造谣学校》《TheSchoolforScandal》areregardedasimportantlinksbetweenthemasterpiecesofShakespeareandthoseofBernardShaw.
14.格雷ThomasGray
TheGraveyard（墓地）School《写在教堂墓地的挽歌》《ElegyWritteninaCountryChurchyard》
浪漫传奇Romantic-emotionoverreason,spontaneousemotion,achangefromtheouterworldofsocialcivilizationtotheinnerworldofthehumanspirit（人文主义精神）,poetryshouldbefreefromallrules,imagination,nature,commonplace
TheromanticperiodbeganwiththepublicationofWordsworthandColeridge's《LyricalBallads》
◆浪漫主义时期TheRomanticPeriod
15.布莱克WilliamBlake-engraver
《扫烟囱的人》《TheChimneySweeper》from《天真与经验之歌》《SongsofInnocence》ahappyandinnocenceworldfromchildren'seye; 《TheChimneySweeper》from《经验之歌》《SongsofExperience》aworldofmisery,poverty,disease,warandrepressionwithamelancholy忧郁的tonefrommeneyesChildhood,paradoxes,apairingofopposites; 《泰戈》《TheTyger》
16.华兹华斯WilliamWordsworth-theleadingfigureoftheEnglishromanticpoetry,simple,spontaneous自发的,worshipperofnature'LakePoets'-WilliamWordsworth,SamuelTaylorColeridge&RobertSouthey（骚赛）
Hedefinesthepoetasa'manspeakingtomen',andpoetryas'thespontaneousoverflow（洋溢）ofpowerfulfeelings,whichoriginatesin'emotionrecollected（沉思默想的）intranquility（安静）
“我孤独地游荡，就象一朵云”《IWanderedLonelyasaCloud》thepoetisverycheerfulwithrecallingthebeautifulsights.Inthepoemonthebeautyofnature,thereaderispresentedavividpictureoflivelyandlovelydaffodils水仙andpoet'sphilosophicalideasandmysticalthoughts.
《威斯敏斯特桥上,1802年9月3日》《ComposeduponWestminsterBridge,September3,1802》thesonnetdescribesavividpictureofabeautifulmorninginLondon,silent,bright,glittering,smokeless&mildly.Itissotouchingasightthatthepoetexpressedhisreligionpiety（虔诚）fornature.
《绿竹》《SheDweltAmongtheUntroddenWays》
《孤独的割麦女》《TheSolitaryReaper》thankstopoet'srichimagination,themassofassociations,thiscommonplacehappeningbecomesastrikingevent,thepoetsucceedsinmakingthereader'ssharehisemotion.Thepoemalsoshowsthepoet'spassionateloveofnature.
17.柯勒律治SamuelTaylorColeridge-supernatural,remotePoetcanbedividedintotwogroups-thedemonic（supernatural）&theconversational（对话的）
Thedemonicgroupincludes3masterpieces–《古舟子咏》（又,《老水手之行》）《TheRimeoftheAncientMariner》,《库里斯特白》（克里斯塔贝尔）《Christabel》,《忽必列汗》《KublaKhan》
18.拜伦GeorgeGordonByron
拜伦式英雄'Byronichero'isaproud,mysteriousrebelfigureofnobleorigin（贵族血统）,againsttyrannical（残暴的）rulesormoralprinciples.Suchaheroappearsfirstin《恰尔德·哈罗德游记》《ChildeHarold'sPilgrimage》.
《SongfortheLuddites》'willdiefighting,orlivefree'theLudditesdestroyedthemachinesintheirprotestagainstunemployment.Thepoet'sgreatsympathyoftheworkersintheirstruggleagainstthecapitalistsisclearlyshown.
《TheIslesofGreece》from《唐璜》《DonJuan》（themasterpieceofByron,alongsatiricalpoem）,songbyaGreeksingerattheweddingofDonJuanandHaidee.'FillhighthebowlwithSamianwine'?
19.雪莱PercyByssheShelley
《致英国人民》《MenofEngland》
《西风颂》《OdetotheWestWind》terzarima三行体,destructive-constructivepotential,hopeful,'Ifalluponthethornsoflife!
Ibleed!
','IfWintercomes,canspringbefarbehind?
'
20.济慈JohnKeats
4greatodes–忧郁颂《OdeonMelancholy》,希腊古瓮颂《OdeonaGrecianUrn》,夜莺颂《OdetoaNightingale》,倦怠颂《OdetoPsyche》
《OdeonaGrecianUrn》thecontrastbetweenthepermanenceofartandthetransienceofhumanpassion,'Heardmelodiesaresweet,butthoseunheardaresweeter','Beautyistruth,truthbeauty'
21.简奥斯汀JaneAusten
《傲慢与偏见》《PrideandPrejudice》TheVictorianPeriod
达尔文《物种起源》Darwin's《TheOriginofSpecies》and《人类起源》《TheDescentofMan》shookthetraditionalfaith,everythingiscreatedbyGod
Utilitarianism（功利主义）waswidelyacceptedandpracticedCriticalrealistswereallconcernedaboutthefateofthecommonpeople
◆维多利亚时期TheVictorianPeriod
22.狄更斯CharlesDickens-oneofthegreatestcriticalrealistwriters（批判现实主义作家）oftheVictorianAge（维多利亚时代）
Character-portrayalisthemostdistinguishingfeatureofhisworksAminglingofhumorandpathos（悲伤,惆怅）
《双城记》《ATaleofTwoCities》 《雾都孤儿》《OliverTwist》
23.勃朗蒂姐妹TheBrontëSisters-Charlotte,Emily&AnneBrontë,aratherreservedandsimplegirl,wasverymuchachildofnature.
《简·爱》《JaneEyre》 《呼啸山庄》《WutheringHeights》
24.丁尼生AlfredTennyson-inventsdramaticmonologue,PoetLaureate（桂冠诗人）,arealartist
拍吧,拍吧,拍吧《Break,Break,Break》thedeathofhisbestfriend,hissadnessfeelingarecontrastedwiththecarefree,innocentjoysofthechildrenandtheunfeelingmovementoftheshipandtheseawaves
《过沙洲》《CrossingtheBar》wecanfeelhisfearlessnesstowardsdeath,hisfaithinGodandanafterlife.'Crossingthebar'meansleavingthisworldandenteringthenextworld
“尤利西斯”《Ulysses》notendurethepeacefulcommonplace（平凡的事）everydaylife,oldasheis,hepersuadeshisoldfollowerstogowithhimandtosetsailagaintopursueanewworldandnewknowledge,dramaticmonologue,'Myselfnotleast,buthonour'dofthemall'meansIam
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