语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版.docx

1、语音学与语言学练习集刘润清版语言学复习习题集Par t One Exer ci ses f or Phonet i csI. Fill in the blanks1 phonetics studies the movement of the vocal organs of producing thesounds of speech.2: Speech takes place when the organs of speech move to produce patterns of sound.These movements have an effect on the coming from t

2、he lungs.3 . Consonant sounds can be either or , while all vowel soundsare .4.Consonant sounds can also be made when two organs of speech in the mouth arebrought close together so that the air is pushed out between them, causing5.The qualities of vowels dependupon the position of the and the tips.6.

3、One element in the description of vowels is the part of the tongue which isat the highest point in the mouth. A second element is the to which thatpart of the tongue is raised.7.Consonants differ from vowels in that the latter are produced without .8.In phonological analysis the words fail-veil are

4、distinguishable simply because of the two phonemes/f/-/v/ .9.In English there are a number of , which are produced by moving from one vowelposition to another through intervening positions.10 refers to the phenomenon of sounds continually show the influence of theirneighbours.11. is the smallest lin

5、guistic unit.12.According to , when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, itis put into the onset rather than the coda.II . Choose the best answer.13.Pitch variation is known as when its patterns are imposed on sentences.A.intonation B. toneC. pronunciation D. voice14.Conventionally a

6、is put in slashes.A. allophone B. phoneC. phoneme D. morpheme15.An aspirated p, an unaspirated p and an unreleased p are of the p phoneme.A. analogues B. tagmemesC. morphemes D. allophones16.The opening between the vocal cords is sometimes referred to as .A. gottis B. vocal cavityC. pharynx D. uvula

7、17.The diphthongs that are madewith a movementof the tongue towards the center are known as diphthongs.A. wide B. closingC. narrow D. centering18.A phoneme is a group of similar sounds calledA. minimal pairs B. allomorphsG. phones D. allophones19.Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of

8、speech sounds?A. Acoustic phonetics. B. Articulatory phonetics.C. Auditory phonetics. D. Neither of them.20.Which one is different from the others according to manners of articulation?A. z B. wC. ? D. v21.Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation? A. n C. 1B.m D. P22

9、.Which vowel is different from the others according to the characteristics of vowels? A. i: B. uC.e D. i23.What kind of sounds can we make when the vocal cords are vibrating? A. Voiceless B. VoicedC. Glottal stop D. Consonant24.Which consonant represents the following description: voiceless labioden

10、tal fricative?A. f B. ?C. z D. sIII . Decide whether the followi ng stateme nts are trueT or false F . 25. Of the three phonetics branches, the longest established one, and untilrece ntly the most highly developed, is acoustic phon etics. 26. Sound p in the word spit is an unaspirated stop. 27. Supe

11、rsegmental phonology refers to the study of phonological properties of units larger than the segment-phoneme, such as syllable, word and sentence. 28. The airstream provided by the lungs has to undergo a number of modification to acquire the quality of a speech sound. 29. Two sounds are in free vari

12、ation when they occur in the same environment and do not contrast, namely, the substitution of one for the other. 30. p is voiced bilabial stop. 31. Acoustic phonetics is concerned with the perception of speech sounds. 32. All syllables must have a nucleus but not all syllables contain an onset and

13、a coda. 33.When pure or monophthongs are pronounced, no vowel glides take place. 34. According to the length or tenseness of the pronunciation, vowels can bedivided into tense vs. lax or long vs. short. 35. Received Pronunciation is the pronunciation accepted by most people. 36. The maximal onset pr

14、inciple states that when there is a choice as to is whereto place a consonant, it is put into the coda rather than the onset.Explain the following terms.37. Minimal pair39. Suprasegmental feature41. Rounded vowel43. Vowel glides45. Allophones47.Distinctive featuresV. Answer the following questions.3

15、8. Sound assimilation40. Free variation42. Pitch44. Anticipatory coarticulation46. Complementary distribution48.Sonority scale49.What is meant by phonetic transcription?50.In which two ways may consonants be classified? KeysI . Fill in the blanks.1.Articulatory2. airstrem4.friction5. tongue7.obstruc

16、tion8. minimal pairs10. Coarticulation11. PhonemesII. Choose the best answer.3.13. A 14. C 15. D 16. A 17. A19. B 20. B 21. A 22. B 23. Bvoiced; voiceless; voiced6.height9.diphthongs12.the maximal onset principle18.D24. AIII. Decide whether the Mowing statements are trueT or falseF.35. F It should b

17、e articulatory phonetics.26. T 27. T 28. T 29. T30.F It is a voiceless bilabial stop.31.F Acoustic phonetics is the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech.32.T 33. T 34. T35.F In many cases the pronunciation of English depends on individual speakers accent and personal pre

18、ference. However, one form of English pronunciation is the most common model accent in the teaching of English as a foreign language. It is called Received Pronunciation.36. F The maximal onset principle states that when there is a choice as to where to place a consonant, it is put into the onset ra

19、ther than the coda.Part Two Exer ci ses f or Mor phol ogyExer ci sesI.Fill in the blanks.1.Take is the of taking, taken and took.2.Bound morphemes are classified into two types; and root.3.as awhilewordsAn is pronounced letter by letter, while an is pronouncedword.4.Lexicon, in most cases, is synony

20、mous with .5.Orthographically, compounds are written in three ways: , and 6.All words may be said to contain a root .7.A snail set of conjunctions, prepositions and pronouns belongs to , class,the largest part of nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs belongs to class.8. is a reverse process of deriva

21、tion, and therefore is a process of shortening.9. is extremely productive, because English had lost most of its inflectionalendings by the end of Middle English period, which facilitated the use of interchangeably as verbs or nouns, verbs or adjectives, and vice versa.10.Words are divided into simpl

22、e, compound and derived words on the level.11.A word formed by derivation is called a , and a word formed by compounding iscalled a . (derivative; compound)12.II. Choose the best answer.13.Nouns, verbs and adjectives can be classified as .A. lexical words B. grammatical wordsC. function words D. for

23、m words14.Morphemes that represent tense, number, gender and case are called morpheme.A. inflectional B. freeC. bound D. derivational15.There are morphemes in the word denationalization?A. three B. fourC. five D. six16.In English -ise and -tion are called .A. prefixes B. suffixesC. infixes D. free m

24、orphemes17.Morphology is generally divided into two fields: the study of word-formation and A. affixation B. etymology ?(46) ?C. inflection D. root18 The three subtypes of affixes are: prefix, suffix and .A. derivational affix B. inflectional affixC. infix D. back-formation19. is a way in which new

25、words may be formed from already existing words bysubtracting an affix which is thought to be part of the old word.A. Affixation B. back-formationC. Insertion D. Addition20.The word TB is formed in the way of .A. acronymy B. clipping D mationC. imitialism D. acronymy21.There are different types of a

26、ffixes or morphemes. The affix word learned is known as a(n) .A. derivational morpheme B. free morphemeC. inflectional morpheme D. free form22.The words like comsat and sitcom are formed by .A. blending B. clippingC. backformation D. acronymy23.The.stem of disagreements is .A. agreement B. agreeC. d

27、isagree D. disagreement24.All of them are meaningful except for .A. lexeme B. phonemeC. morpheme D. allomorphF. Decide whether the followi ng stateme nts are trueT or false F . 25. Phonetically, the stress of a compoundalways falls on the first element, while the second element receives secondary st

28、ress. 26. Fore as in foretell is both a prefix and a bound morpheme. 27. Base refers to the part of word that remains when all inflectional affixes are removed. 28. In most cases, prefixes change the meaning of the base whereas suffixes change the word-class of the base. 29. Conversion from noun to

29、verb is the most productive process of conversion. 30. Reduplicative compound is formed by repeating the same morpheme of a word. 31. The word; whimper, whisper and whistle are formed in the way of onomatop-(eia). 32. In most cases, the number of syllables of a word corresponds to the number of morp

30、hemes. 33: Backformation is a productive way of forming nouns in Modern English. 34. Inflection is a particular way of word-formations. 35. Wecan always tell by the words a compound contains what it means because the meaning of a compound is always the sum of the meanings of its parts.IV. Explain th

31、e following term37. Morphophonology39. Bound morpheme41. Derivation43. Closed-class word45. Full conversion47. BaseV. Answer the following questions.49. Of all the word-formations, 36. All roots are free and all affixes are bound.38.Allomorph40.Back clipping42.Morphological rule44.Analogy46.Blending48.Hybridwhich involve the process. of addition? Which the process of subtraction? And which the process of transition?50. Illustrate the axiom,