届高三语法复系列专题二谓语.docx

1、届高三语法复系列专题二谓语2014届高三语法复系列专题二 谓语备课人 颜俊芳谓语： 用来说明主语的动作和状态， 由动词或动词词组担任。注意：一个句子有且仅有一个谓语。 时态和语态在谓语动词上变化。一 动词四大类：1. 需要跟宾语的动词叫及物动词（vt.）Children seek independence.They gave us a wonderfully warm welcome.2不需要跟宾语的动词叫不及物动词（vi） My leg hurt. A new situation arisesAll leaves have fallen and winter is approaching.(

2、注意: 许多动词既可及物又可不及物)He ran as fast as he could.She ran a company in the centre of the city.3系动词+表语 （系表结构） 无被动语态。 判断类：be prove turn out to be 持续类：keep remain stay 表象类：seem appear look 感官类：feel look smell sound taste (前四类无进行时态) 变化类：become grow turn fall get go 4情态动词与动词连用构成谓语。 He can swim in the sea.二 动词

3、的时态现在过去将来过去将来一般一般现在时一般过去时一般将来时一般过去将来时进行现在进行时过去进行时将来进行时完成现在完成时过去完成时（将来完成时）完成进行现在完成进行时考点一：时态的基本用法： 一般体一般现在时 ：v (1) 表示现阶段经常或习惯的动作。Class begins at 8 every morning. (2)表示客观事实或真理 。The earth moves around the sun.(2) 主句将来时，从句现在时 （主将从现）We will go for a picnic unless it rains.（3）表示按时刻表将要发生的动作，如come. go .leave

4、. arrive. start. take off.The train leaves at 10 a.m 一般过去时：V.ed 表示过去某一时间发生的动作和状态； 时间状语有：years ago. Last yesterday.He graduated from a famous university.He often asked a lot of strange questions when he was a boy.一般将来时：will +v be going to +v be to do sth.表示将来的动作或状态 (常与表示将来的时间状语连用，如 tomorrow next)We w

5、ill go to swim tomorrow. 进行体 现在进行时：am/is /are doing (在。 正。)(1)表示此时或现阶段正在发生的动作They are having a meeting now.(2)与always,constantly等连用，表示赞赏或厌恶等感情色彩，但并非强调动作在进行。My younger brother is constantly losing keys.（3）表示位置移动的动词常用进行时表将来，如come. go .leave. arrive. start. take off.He is leaving for Japan next month.T

6、he plane is taking off in half an hour.过去进行时：was/were doing 1.表示过去某一时刻或一段时间正在进行的动作，这一特定的过去时间可用时间状语表示，也可用上下文暗示。He was watching TV this time yesterday.2. 表示某一动作发生时另一动作正在进行，其中一个动作在有when,while引导的时间状语从句中I was arguing with my classmates about the question when the teacher came in .While I was arguing with

7、 my classmates about the question, the teacher came in . 完成体现在完成时：have /has done(1)表示过去的动作对现在的影响。 (2)表示某一动作从过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在。(3)在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时表示的动作在主句动作之前。注意： for , since, ever since, until now, up to now, so far, during/in/over the last (past) few years, recently ,before常与现在完成时连用。Never before hav

8、e I read a novel so touching as this one.If times have changed, have our ways of thinking changed too? （09湖北卷）If it has stopped snowing in the morning, well go to the park.过去完成时：（1）表示过去的过去. (过去完成时是相对时态，在使用时一定要以过去的某一时间或动作为参照物) 如：by ， until, before等后接表示过去时间的短语Last nights TV news said that by then the

9、death of the missing people had not been proved.(10湖北卷)By the time he was twelve years old, he had set up a chemistry lab of his own.（2）表示未曾实现的希望，打算，意图。常用 had hoped/planned/meant/intended/thought/expected= hoped to have done例如：I had planned to pay a visit to you, but something unexpected happened to

10、 me.将来完成时：表示在将来的某个时间之前某动作已经发生 ，如：We will have finished Book 5 by the end of this term现在完成进行时：表示从过去某一时刻开始一直（还要继续下去）的动作，常与all the time, this week, all night, since等连用。 （完成句子中汉语常有“一直”）He has been working in that city since he graduated from Wuhan University.注意：1:主句的时态决定从句的时态。Tom believed that anyone wh

11、o stole his phone wouldnt be so foolish as to use in right in front of him.He claimed that he hadnt killed that child. must have done （过去一定做）It must have rained last night. The playground is still wet.2: 情态动词的特殊用法：（1）might have done （过去可能做） It is possible that the King of Stonehenge was linked to th

12、e stones: he may/might have had a hand in planning the monument. 巨石阵的国王与这些石头很可能有联系，他或许参与了放置了纪念碑。（2）cant/couldnt have done （过去不可能做，一定没做）can have done (过去本来可以做)She cant have left because her mobile remains on the table. I could have bought the book, but I didnt have enough money.（3） should have done （

13、过去应该做而没做）He should have handed in his homework in time, but he didnt.(4) neednt have done （过去本不必做某事）We neednt have arrived so early, the meeting will be held in an hour.(5) must +v （一定做） He must be very proud.(6) may/might +v （可能做） If you are bitten by a dog, you may be infected with a terrible dise

14、ase。(7) cant +v (不可能做) He cant stay at home now . I saw him on the playground just now.(8) must be doing (一定在做) Its English class. He must be having class.（9） cant be doing Jim is in the teachers office, he cant be doing his homework in the classroom.考点二：几种特殊的句式的考察：1 . be about to do sth. when （正准备做

15、某事这时。） I was about to go back to sleep when suddenly my bedroom become as bright as day.我正准备回去睡觉，这是，突然我的卧室亮如白昼。2. hardly had sb. done whendid no sooner had sb. done. Whendid（一。就。） Hardly had they arrived at the farm when they began to work.他们刚到达农场就开始工作。3. It/This/that is the first(second) time +that

16、 sb. have/has done It/This/that was the first(second) time +that sb. had done 4. It is /has been +一段时间+since 从句中，since 从句中使用一般过去时。It is 30 years since Shenzhen was established the special economic zone.深圳被确立为经济特区已经30年了。5. It is high time that sb. did sth. It is high time that sb. should do sth.6. by

17、 the time 从句用一般现在时，主句用将来完成时，by the time从句用一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。By the time you wake up tomorrow, you will have found a nice present.By the time he arrived at the station, the train had left.7 . sb./sth. is said /reported/believed/thought to have done. （据说/报道.某人某物已经。） Sb is said/reported/believed/thought t

18、o be doing. （据说/报道.某人正在做。）Michael Jackson ,the pop king was reported to have died in Los Angeles in 2009.据报道流行天王Michael Jackson 2009年在洛杉矶去世。 His sister is said to be studying abroad. 据说他的姐姐正在国外学习。三 动词的语态。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态 （注意：只有及物动词和及物动词短语才有被动语态。）： 被动语态的构成（1）I am asked to give a speech. （2）A gift

19、together with many flowers was sent to me last week by my former deskmate.（3）They will be given more chances of practice.（4）The workers told me that the car would be mended as soon as possible.（5）It is reported in the newspaper that several new subway lines are being built in Wuhan（6）Trees were bein

20、g planted here this time last year. （7）The patient has been taken good care of by the nurse.（8）Tom had been punished for his carelessness before he came here.(8) By the time I come back, the new school will have been set up.(9) The plan ought to be put into practice as soon as possible.被动语态现在过去将来过去将

21、来一般am/is/are donewas/were donewill be donewould be done 进行am/is/are being done was/were being done完成have/has been donehad been done will have been done 完成进行注意： make sb. do sth (主动) sb. be made to do sth. (被动) hear /see sb do sth (主动) sb. be heard/seen to do sth.（被动）被动语态的使用场合：1. 当动作的执行者不明确或没有必要说出动作的执

22、行者时；2.当更有必要强调动作的承受着时。：主动形式表被动意义1.系动词（其主语主要指物）用主动形式表被动意义。常见的此类词有look,sound, smell, taste, feel, prove(to be) , turn out to be , remain ,stay ,appear.The water felt cool when I joined into the pool for morning exercise.The method proved to be effective.2.某些动词（短语）和句型中：(1)sth. happened to sb（某人发生了。事）. (

23、2) sth. take place. 发生某事(3)sth break out.(4)sth .belong to sb. Professor Wang keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the well-educated.(5)sth.need/require doing. The computer requires /needs repairing.(6)sth. be worth doing(7)Sb/sth.be to blame. It is his measures rather than his abil

24、ity that are to blame.(应该受到责备) (8) last The meeting lasted four hours. last（持续）3.sell ,wash, write ,tear, cut，read充当不及物动词+ well/easily/smoothly等搭配，主语为物，表示事物内部的属性。The book sells well.This kind of pen writes quite smoothly.4.sth./sb. is adj. to do.句型中。这类形容词有：difficult, hard, easy, comfortable, pleasan

25、t, fit, unfit, light, heavy. Tom is hard/difficult to get along with.As far as Im concerned, the plan is difficult to carry out.5 在疑问代词+ to do 结构中，如：I dont know what to do. ：固定词组：get caught in（遇到）, get married, get changed（换衣服）, get burnt（烧伤晒伤），be seated(坐着), be dressed in（穿着） , be addicted to ,be l

26、ost in , be absorbed in , be devoted to. 注意：在解答关于时态和语态句子时，要熟练掌握常用时态的使用规则 解题方法： 1. 首先把握时间信息，寻找参照时间，结合语境选择正确时态。 2. 依据动词与句子主语的关系确定语态，即是主动语态还是被动语态，是否用主动语态来表示被动含义。 3. 在判断了动词的时态和语态后，还应该注意动词与介词，名词的搭配。四 Practice: 1.- Youd better go and _. 你最好把你的轿车洗洗。 -Ill do it myself. (wash) (08湖北卷) 好，我将自己去洗。 5.Last night,

27、 John was answering the letters that _ during the past two weeks.(arrive) （07湖北卷） 昨晚，John回复了过去两周寄给他的信。6.He believes that children _at their own pace. (allow) (07湖北卷) 他相信孩子们应允许以他们自己的进度来学习。7.The chief engineer together with his colleagues _new scientific methods of farming since 5 years ago. (look) （1

28、3湖北卷）五年以来，总工程师和他的同事们一起一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。8.When I work on the farmland in the daytime, I always _ to a tree on the riverbank. (keep) （13湖北卷）白天干农活的时候，我总是把羊拴在河边的树上。9.So far the well-known journalist _ more than 4.000 inteviews with famous people. (accumulate) （14湖北卷） 迄今为止这位著名记者采访名人已累计4000余人次。10.At present,

29、 lots of food, water, tents and medicine are being translated from all over China and other parts of the world to the earthquake-stricken areas. （08湖北卷）目前，来自全国和世界各地的大量的食物，水，帐篷和医药正源源不断的送往地震灾区。8 . A number of paintings in this castle are believed to have been destroyed in a fire in 2009.(11湖北卷) 城堡中的许多

30、壁画据说在2009年的火灾中被毁掉了。9.In response to the audiences great demand, the play _in the theatre twice a week . (put) (11湖北卷)应观众的强烈要求，这部戏这部戏将会在这个剧院每周上演两次。10. You _ the meeting to tell me that; you could have come to tell me afterwards. (interrupt) （14湖北卷） 你不该打断会议来告诉我这件事，你本可以会后告诉我。11. Sometimes _ to use examples to explain abstract concepts. (helpful)（14湖北卷） 有时候举例也许有助于解释抽象的概念。11 The movie I think _ . (worth)我想那部电影更值得一看。10.My sister met the theater yesterday afternoon, so he _ your