细节题补充讲义.docx

1、细节题补充讲义二、细节题 Factual Information Questions（题型说明OGP38）OG细节题分类总结：P611 P624、7 P702 P714 P728 P826 P837、8、10 P911 922、6 P1058、9 P1145、6 P1169、10 P235/2 P2364 P2445 P 2457 P24611 P2511 P2525 P 25410 识别：According to paragraph ,which of the following is true of X?According to paragraph 7, until the eightee

2、nth century, it was the principal function of which of the following to .?According to paragraph 6, merchants were able to avoid the risk of carrying large amounts of gold and silver by1解题要点错误选项分析： 1 技巧项：极端词 例外： 2 技巧项：虚假比较（选项中带有more or less than/better than/asas ） 解释：正确的比较必须满足三个条件：比较主体在文中能对应上，选项中的比较

3、与文中的比较比的是同一个方面，且比较结果一致 注意：有些选项符合正常人推理但原文未提及; 未提及或与原文矛盾的内容位置越靠后干扰程度越大 原文表达但不在不在原文考点区间 （考点区间通常为一至两句话），排除出现考点区间外表达的选项 做题步骤1 大定位(定位到某个自然段)： 2 小定位（缩小定位区间至 ）：当题干中定位词（ ）为 扎眼词汇： 专有名词，数字，大写的地名、人名 注意：若定位词在大区间内出现不只一次，则先定位在其首次出现之处 Since architecture was not yet a specialized profession in the colonies, the desi

4、gn of buildings was left either to amateur designers or to carpenters who undertook to interpret architectural manuals imported from England.1. According to the passage, who was responsible for designing houses in eighteenth century North America? A. professional architectsB. customers C. interior d

5、ecoratorsD. carpentersParagraph 2: Making an efficient icebox was not as easy as we might now suppose. In the early nineteenth century, the knowledge of the physics of heat, which was essential to a science of refrigeration, was rudimentary. The commonsense notion that the best ice-box was one that

6、prevented the ice from melting was of course mistaken, for it was the melting of the ice that performed the cooling. Nevertheless, early efforts to economize ice included wrapping the ice in blankets, which kept the ice from doing its job. Not until near the end of the nineteenth century did invento

7、rs achieve the delicate balance of insulation and circulation needed for an efficient icebox.2. According to the information in the second paragraph, an ideal icebox would A. completely prevent ice from melting B. stop air from circulating C. allow ice to melt slowlyD. use blankets to conserve ice P

8、aragraph 7: All this applies, of course, only to an adult leatherback. Hatchlings are simply too small to conserve body heat, even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems. We do not know how old, or how large, a leatherback has to be before it can switch from a cold-blooded to a warm-blo

9、oded mode of life. Leatherbacks reach their immense size in a much shorter time than it takes other sea turtles to grow. Perhaps their rush to adulthood is driven by a simple need to keep warm.3. According to paragraph 7, which of the following statements is most accurate about young leatherback tur

10、tles?A. They lack the countercurrent exchange systems that develop in adulthood. B. Their rate of growth is slower than that of other sea turtles. C. They lose heat easily even with insulation and countercurrent exchange systems.D. They switch between cold-blooded and warm-blooded modes throughout t

11、heir hatchling Paragraph 1: Two species of deer have been prevalent in the Puget Sound area of Washington State in the Pacific Northwest of the United States. The black-tailed deer, a lowland, west-side cousin of the mule deer of eastern Washington, is now the most common. The other species, the Col

12、umbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country, it is now restricted to the low, marshy islands and flood plains along the lower Columbia River. 4. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true ofthe white-tailed deer ofPuget Sound? A. It is native to lo

13、wlands and marshes. B. It is more closely related to the mule deer of eastern Washington than to other types of deer. C. It has replaced the black-tailed deer in the open prairie. D. It no longer lives in a particular type of habitat that it once occupied. Water in the DesertParagraph 2：Arid lands,

14、surprisingly, contain some of the worlds largest river systems, such as the Murray-Darling in Australia, the Rio Grande in North America, the Indus in Asia, and the Nile in Africa. These rivers and river systems are known as exogenous because their sources lie outside the arid zone. They are vital f

15、or sustaining life in some of the driest parts of the world. For centuries, the annual floods of the Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates, for example, has brought fertile silts and water to the inhabitants of their lower valleys. Today, river discharges are increasingly controlled by human intervention, cre

16、ating a need for international river-basin agreements. The filling of the Ataturk and other dams in Turkey has drastically reduced flows in the Euphrates, with potentially serious consequences for Syria and Iraq. 5. According to paragraph 2. Which of the following is true of the Nile River?A. The Ni

17、les flow in its desert sections is at its lowest during the dry season. B. The Niles sources are located in one of the most arid zones of the world. C. The Niles annual floods bring fertile silts and water to its lower valley. D. The Niles periodic flooding hinders the growth of some crops. Although

18、 the fossil record, as always, is not complete enough to determine definitively the evolutionary lineage of the birds or in as much detail as one would like, it is better in this case than for many other animal groups. That is because of the unusual preservation in a limestone quarry in southern Ger

19、many of Archaeopteryx, a fossil that many have called the link between dinosaurs and birds. Indeed, had it not been for the superb preservation of these fossils, they might well have been classified as dinosaurs. They have the skull and teeth of a reptile as well as a bony tail, but in the line-grai

20、ned limestone in which these fossils occur there are delicate impressions of feathers and fine details of bone structure that make it clear that Archaeopteryx was a bird. All birds living today, from the great condors of the Andes to the tiniest wrens, trace their origin back to the Mesozoic dinosau

21、rs.6. What is the significance of the discovery that was made in southern Germany?A. It is thought to demonstrate that birds evolved from dinosaurs.B. It is proof that the climate and soils of Europe have changed over time.C. It suggests that dinosaurs were dominant in areas rich in limestone.D. It

22、supports the theory that Archaeopteryx was a powerful dinosaur.Paragraph 1: The earliest discovered traces of art are beads and carvings, and then paintings, from sites dating back to the Upper Paleolithic period. We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of

23、Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. So do the naturalistic paintings on slabs，of stone excavated in southern Africa. Some of those slabs appear to have been painted as much as 28,000 years ago, which suggests that painting in Africa is as old as painting in Europe. But painting

24、may be even order than that. The early Australians may have painted on the walls of rock shelters and cliff faces at least 30,000 years ago, and maybe as much as 60,000 years ago. 7. Paragraph 1 supports which of the following statements about painting in Europe? A. It is much older than painting in

25、 Australia. B. It is as much as 28,000 years old. C. It is not as old as painting in southern Africa. D. It is much more than 30,000 years old. Paragraph 1： Paleontologists have argued for a long time that the demise of the dinosaurs was caused by climatic alterations associated with slow changes in

26、 the positions of continents and seas resulting from plate tectonics. Off and on throughout the Cretaceous (the last period of the Mesozoic era, during which dinosaurs flourished), large shallow seas covered extensive areas of the continents. Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence

27、 preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than todays. The days were not too hot, nor the nights too cold. The summers were not too warm, nor the winters too frigid. The shallow seas on the continents probably buffered the temperature of the nearby air, k

28、eeping it relatively constant. 8. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of the Late Cretaceous climate? A. Summers were very warm and winters were very cold. B. Shallow seas on the continents caused frequent temperature changes. C. The climate was very similar to todays climate.D.

29、 The climate did not change dramatically from season to season. Geological time新生代中生代白垩纪侏罗纪三叠纪古生代寒武纪 板块构造学说：Plate tectonics is a scientific theory which describes the large scale motions of Earths lithosphere. The theory builds on the older concepts of continental drift and seafloor spreading. The l

30、ithosphere is broken up into what are called tectonic plates. In the case of Earth, there are currently seven to eight major (depending on how they are defined) and many minor plates. The lithospheric plates ride on the asthenosphere （ 岩流圈，软流圈）. These plates move in relation to one another at one of

31、 three types of plate boundaries: convergent（ ）, or collisional boundaries; divergent（ ） boundaries, also called spreading centers; and transform（ 错动型） boundaries. Earthquakes, volcanic activity, mountain-building and oceanic trench formation occur along plate boundaries. Paragraph 4: Other dimensio

32、ns along which the two groups differ markedly are density and composition. The densities of the terrestrial planets average about 5 times the density of water, whereas the Jovian planets have densities that average only 1.5 times the density of water. One of the outer planets, Saturn, has a density of only 0.7 that of water, which means that Saturn would float in water. Variations in the composition of the planets are largely responsible for the density diff