美国饮食文化.docx

1、美国饮食文化Fast Food 快餐食品Fast-food chains，American-style， are currently on the increase all over the worldMost of these places work on a similar principle There is a long counter ， above which is displayed a list（often with pictures） of the items available， and behind which several people（often students

2、working for the minimum wage）are serving Individual queues form in front of each assistant You receive what you order more or less immediately and take it on a tray to a table， picking up thing like straws（吸管）， pepper， salt， ketchup（蕃茄酱），pickles（泡菜）and napkins（usually paper napkins） on the wayIf you

3、 cant see any knives and forks ， this means you are supposed to eat with your handsIf you cant see any straws， thats because they are hiding in the straw dispenser（分配器） that you have to fiddle（拨弄） with the bottom of it to get a straw（one at a time）to emergeWhen youve finished， you yourself throw awa

4、y everything except the trayMany fast-food places have drive-in facilitiesYou place your order from your car via （通过） a microphone and then drive round to a special window to pay and pick it up You may even encounter places where a waitress bring your meal out， and you sit and eat it in the car from

5、 a tray hooked over the door through the open windowYou may be asked if your order is “for here” or “to go ”（ieto take away）In some states there is no sales tax on food consumedTypes of Fast Food Restaurants 快餐店的种类The most widespread type of fast-food restaurant is that serving hamburgers， such as t

6、he chains of MacDonaldAll the different chains have their own specialties Arbys restaurants serve large roast beef， ham and cheese， and turkey（火鸡） “sandwiches” Some restaurant chains specialize in serving steaks quickly and cheaply And then theres Kentucky Fried ChickenChips 油炸土豆片Chips in America ar

7、e called “French fries” or “fries ”for short（Note that in the USA “ chips” mean crisps）“French fries” are normally thinner than chipsAmericans generally put ketchup on their chips ，and you will not normally find vinegar（醋）Pizzas（意大利式）烘焰饼There are many specialty pizza restaurants in America， and many

8、 of them take telephone orders and deliver pizzas to your home， which can often be convenientThey come in different sizes， and a large one can be big enough for a party of four peopleIf you want to share a pizza but cant agree on the ingredients ， it is possible to order two different sets of toppin

9、gs ，one set on each halfIce-Cream 冰淇淋Shops selling large number of different flavors of ice-cream are very common in America If you are not sure what flavor you want ，generally you can sample a small spoonful of a particular flavor to see if you like it You can either have your ice-cream in a “plain

10、 cone”（普通型锥形物） or in a “sugar cone”（甜脆型锥形物）Soft Drinks 软饮料Fast-food restaurants do not serve alcoholThe soft drinks most often sold are Coca-Cola and PepsiCola， plus fizzy drinks （which are like lemonade）and root beer （which is like cough medicine）Fizzy drinks are known as “carbonated beverages”（碳酸饮

11、料） or ，more colloquially，“soda”，“pop”，“soda pop”，and “soft drinks”All these drinks come with lost of ice In fact， you will probably find as much ice as drink in your drinkIf you ask for a soft drink without ice， they will think you are funny but will probably oblige（They may charge you a bit extra，

12、for ice is cheaper than Coke） 美国人吃饭用刀叉，而且他们的用餐方式是很有讲究的。因此，在应邀与美国朋友一起吃饭时，应特别注意他们的用餐习惯。一般情况下，餐桌上摆放有一幅餐刀和两幅餐叉，外边的餐叉供你吃色拉，里边的餐叉用于吃主食和其它点心食品，餐刀用来切肉食。如果你两手并用，应左手握叉，右手握刀，而且一次握刀时间不能太长。美国人的早餐有：炒或煮鸡蛋、香肠、油炸土豆片、薄煎饼、果子冻、烤面包、松饼、桔子汁以及咖啡等。Eating Custom and Practice 用餐习惯American eating is funny. They eat almost ever

13、ything with a fork, and it appears that holding a knife in ones right hand longer than a few seconds is considered to be against good table manners.The system is that if it is absolutely necessary to use a knife, people take the fork in their left hand, and cut off a piece of meat or whatever it is

14、in the normal manner. Then they put the knife down, transfer the fork to their right hand, and only then do they transport the food to their mouth. This is clearly ludicrous(滑稽可笑), but it is considered good manners.There are several results of this system. First, if it is not absolutely necessary to

15、 use a knife, Americans dont use one, because obviously this greatly complicates(使复杂化) things, and you will therefore see them trying to cut things like potatoes, fish and even bacon(熏猪肉) with a fork. Second, towards the end of a course, since only one implement(器具) is being used, food has to be cha

16、sed around the plate with the fork and for the last mouthful the thumb has to be used to keep the food in place, although one is not supposed to do this.Third, tables are generally laid with one knife and two forks, the outside fork being for the salad. There is no need for foreign visitors to follo

17、w the American system and try to eat the salad with only a fork, but if you do use your knife, remember to save it for the meat course. Even desserts(甜食) (except ice cream) are eaten with a fork if at all possible, and the spoon you see by your dessert is meant to be for coffee (but if you use it fo

18、r your dessert no one will say anything).Some Breakfast Dishes 早餐食谱Breakfast in a restaurant is a very enjoyable experience. If you order eggs in a restaurant, the waiter/waitress will ask you how you want them . You can reply that you want them scrambled(炒) or boiled. It is not sufficient, however,

19、 to ask for them fried; you will have to specify whether you would prefer them sunny-side-up (煎一面), over(两面煎), over-easy/easy-over(两面煎，但蛋黄仍然呈流体状). American sausage(香肠) comes in slices and is quite spicy. But you can also have link sausage.American bacon comes in small strips, can be rather fat, and

20、is served crispy. It is usually very tasty, and you can eat it with your fingers.Hash brows(油炸土豆片) are shredded(切成碎片的) and fried potatoes. They are wonderful, especially with fried eggs and ketchup(蕃茄酱).Pancakes, sometimes called hot cakes, are made with baking power. They are normally served in a p

21、ile, and you are supposed to put butter and syrup(果浆) on them.Jelly(果子冻) is jam and includes grape jelly, which is very tasty.Toast is often served already buttered.English muffins(松饼) are like small crumpets(烤饼) without the holes and are served toasted. You put jam on them.A biscuit(软饼) is a small,

22、 scone-like bread roll, often served hot.Orange juice and coffee are often served with breakfast. 美国人吃午餐和吃晚餐之前通常要喝点鸡尾酒，但在加利福尼亚州，人们大都喝葡萄酒。吃主食之前，一般都要吃一盘色拉。炸磨茹和炸洋葱圈可作为开胃食品，牛排、猪排和鸡（腿）为主食，龙虾、贝壳类动物以及各种鱼类甚至包括淡水鱼被统称为海鲜。炸土豆条是深受人们喜爱而且几乎成了必不可少的食物。另外应特别注意的一点，如有吃剩的食物，一定要打包带回家，以免浪费。Cocktail鸡尾酒It is quite usual to

23、 drink cocktails before lunch and dinner in America and somewhat less usual, except in California, to drink wine with a meal. You can either have a cocktail in the bar, if there is one, while you wait for a table or for friends, or you can have one served before your dinner comes. At some restaurant

24、s the waiter/waitress will come to your table as soon as you sit down to ask if you want a cocktail, and you can then drink this while deciding what to order to eat. At others, there may be a separate cocktail waiter or waitress. In this case, you do not normally order wine from him or her but from

25、the normal waiter- or the wine waiter is there is one.Do not hesitate to order Californian wines. They can be excellent and in many parts of the country are cheap.Salad色拉It is usual to have a salad with your meal, and a separate plate is provided for this purpose. The normal practice in America is t

26、o eat the salad before the main course. A wonderful American invention is the salad bar. In restaurants that have these salad bars the waiter does not bring your salad. You go to the salad bar and help yourself, usually to as much as you want. This is normally done after you have ordered your meal;

27、you eat the salad while the main course is being cooked.Choosing from the Menu选菜American menus can look rather confusing at first sight, for they may use some terms which are unfamiliar to most visitors. Here are some points which may be useful.Fried mushrooms, fried onion rings (洋葱圈) and fried zucc

28、hini (小胡瓜) are sometimes served as starters (第一道菜).Potatoes most often come French-fried or baked. If you order a baked potato, the waiter will ask you what you want on it. The choice is butter and/or sour cream and sometimes chives (细香葱).Very often vegetables do not come automatically with the meal

29、, and you have to pay extra for them.Scrod (小鳕鱼), red snapper (啮龟) and mahi hahi are all name of fish. Seafood” means lobster (龙虾), shellfish and fish, including, funnily enough, freshwater fish! Prawns (对虾) are known as shrimp.American beef is usually good and often wonderful.American salt and pepp

30、er (糊椒粉) pots are confusing until you realize that the salt pot may look like a pepper pot except that the salt pots holes are bigger. Pepper is normally black rather than white. American mustard (芥末) is mild and normally eaten with hot dogs or hamburgers rather than meat.And that stuff in a dish th

31、at looks ice cream is actually whipped (搅拌过的) butter.You have probably heard that in American restaurants, if you cant finish your meal, you can put the remains in a doggy bag and take them home. This is quite true. If you leave some meat, in particular, your waiter may ask you if youd like him to p

32、ut it into a little bag, or you can ask him to do this. 生活在美国(四) 美国用餐常识中国菜着重色、香、味， 西餐讲究实惠。初到美国餐馆用餐，应该注意如下事项：1）选择合适的餐馆（如：家庭式餐馆、特色餐馆以及自助式餐馆等）；2）餐馆营业时间（上午11：30开门营业，直到夜晚）；3）一般都应事先预订餐位：4）到达餐馆后，不能径直地到餐桌旁入桌，除非餐厅有“随意就坐”的告示；5）付款时，别忘了留给服务员一定比例的小费（一般为实际总额的10%15%）。Eating out is one of the joy of being in the USA. The food is usually good and often excellent; the prices are reasonable ; and the service