考研英语一真题解析和全文翻译大师兄版pdf.docx

1、考研英语一真题解析和全文翻译大师兄版pdf大师兄英语2015 年考研英语一B journals are strengthening their statistical checks.C few journals are blamed for mistakes in data analysis.D lack of data analysis is common in research projects.32.The phrase “flagged up” (Para. 2) is the closest in meaning to _.A foundB revisedC markedD stor

2、ed33.Giovanni Parmigiani believes that the establishment of the SBoRE may _.A pose a threat to all its peersB meet with strong oppositionC increase Sciences circulationD set an example for other journals34.David Vaux holds that what Science is doing now _.A adds to researchers workloadB diminishes t

3、he role of reviewersC has room for further improvementD is to fail in the foreseeable future35.Which of the following is the best title of the text? _.A Science Joins Push to Screen Statistics in PapersB Professional Statisticians Deserve More RespectC Data Analysis Finds Its Way onto Editors DesksD

4、 Statisticians Are Coming Back with ScienceText 4Two years ago, Rupert Murdochs daughter, Elisabeth, spoke of the “unsettling dearth of integrity across so many of our institutions”. Integrity had collapsed, she argued, because of a collective acceptance that the only “sorting mechanism” in society

5、should be profit and the market. But “its us, human beings, we the people who create the society we want, not profit”.Driving her point home, she continued: “Its increasingly apparent that the absence of purpose, of a moral language within government, media or business could become one of the most d

6、angerous own goals for capitalism and freedom.” This same absence of moral purpose was wounding companies such as News International, she thought, making it more likely that it would lose its way as it had with widespread illegal telephone hacking.As the hacking trial concludesfinding guilty one ex-

7、editor of the News of the World, Andy Coulson, for conspiring to hack phones, and finding his predecessor, Rebekah Brooks, innocent of the same chargethe wider issue of dearth of integrity still stands. Journalists are known to have hacked the phones of up to 5,500 people. This is hacking on an indu

8、strial scale, as was acknowledged by Glenn Mulcaire, the man hired by the News of the World in 2001 to be the point person for phone hacking. Others await trial. This long story still unfolds.In many respects, the dearth of moral purpose frames not only the fact of such widespread phone hacking but

9、the terms on which the trial took place. One of the astonishing revelations was how little Rebekah Brooks knew of what went on in her newsroom, how little she thought to ask and the fact that she never inquired how the stories arrived. The core of her successful defense was that she knew nothing.In

10、todays world, it has become normal that well-paid executives should not be accountable for what happens in the organizations that they run. Perhaps we should not be so surprised. For a generation, the collective doctrine has been that the sorting mechanism of society should be profit. The words that

11、 have mattered are efficiency, flexibility, shareholder value, business-friendly, wealth generation, sales, impact and, in newspapers, circulation. Words degraded to the margin have been justice, fairness, tolerance, proportionality and accountability.The purpose of editing the News of the World was

12、 not to promote reader understanding, to be fair in what was written or to betray any common humanity. It was to ruin lives in the quest for circulation and impact. Ms Brooks may or may not have had suspicions about how her journalists got their stories, but she asked no questions, gave no instructi

13、onsnor received traceable, recorded answers.36. According to the first two paragraphs, Elisabeth was upset by _.A the consequences of the current sorting mechanismB companies financial loss due to immoral practicesC governmental ineffectiveness on moral issues5大师兄英语2015 年考研英语一D the wide misuse of in

14、tegrity among institutions37. It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that _.A Glem Mulcaire may deny phone hacking as a crime.B more journalists may be found guilty of phone hacking.C Andy Coulson should be held innocent of the charge.D phone hacking will be accepted on certain occasions.38. The author

15、 believes the Rebekah Brookss defense _.A revealed a cunning personality B centered on trivial issuesC was hardly convincing D was part of a conspiracy39. The author holds that the current collective doctrine shows _.A generally distorted values B unfair wealth distributionC a marginalized lifestyle

16、 D a rigid moral code40. Which of the following is suggested in the last paragraph? _.A The quality of writing is of primary importance.B Common humanity is central to news reporting.C Moral awareness matters in editing a newspaper.D Journalists need stricter industrial regulations.Part B Directions

17、:In the following article, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)How does your r

18、eading proceed? Clearly you try to comprehend, in the sense of identifying meanings for individual words and working out relationships between them, drawing on your implicit knowledge of English grammar. (41) _. You begin to infer a context for the text, for instance by making decisions about what k

19、ind of speech event is involved: who is making the utterance, to whom, when and where.The ways of reading indicated here are without doubt kinds of comprehension. But they show comprehension to consist not just of passive assimilation but of active engagement in inference and problem-solving. You in

20、fer information you feel the writer has invited you to grasp by presenting you with specific evidence and clues. (42)_.Conceived in this way, comprehension will not follow exactly the same track for each reader. What is in question is not the retrieval of an absolute, fixed or “true” meaning that ca

21、n be read off and checked for accuracy, or some timeless relation of the text to the world. (43) _.Such background material inevitably reflects who we are. (44) _. This doesnt, however, make interpretation merely relative or even pointless. Precisely because readers from different historical periods

22、, places and social experiences produce different but overlapping readings of the same words on the pageincluding for texts that engage with fundamental human concernsdebates about texts can play an important role in social discussion of beliefs and values.How we read a given text also depends to so

23、me extent on our particular interest in reading it, (45) _. Such dimensions of reading suggestas others introduced later in the book will also dothat we bring an implicit (often unacknowledged) agenda to any act of reading. It doesnt then necessarily follow that one kind of reading is fuller, more a

24、dvanced or more worthwhile than another. Ideally, different kinds of reading inform each other, and act as useful reference points for and counterbalances to one another. Together, they make up the reading component of your overall literacy or relationship to your surrounding textual environment.A A

25、re we studying that text and trying to respond in a way that fulfills the requirement of a given course? Reading it simply for pleasure? Skimming it for information? Ways of reading on a train or in bed are likely to6大师兄英语2015 年考研英语一differ considerably from reading in a seminar room.B Factors such a

26、s the place and period in which we are reading, our gender, ethnicity, age and social class will encourage us towards certain interpretations but at the same time obscure or even close off others.C If you are unfamiliar with words or idioms, you guess at their meanings, using clues presented in the

27、context. On the assumption that they will become relevant later, you make a mental note of discourse entities as well as possible links between them.D In effect, you try to reconstruct the likely meanings or effects that any given sentence, image or reference might have had: these might be the ones

28、the author intended.E You make further inferences, for instance about how the text may be significant to you, or about its validityinferences that form the basis of a personal response for which the author will inevitably be far less responsible.F In plays, novels and narrative poems, characters spe

29、ak as constructs created by the author, not necessarily as mouthpieces for the authors own thoughts.G Rather, we ascribe meanings to texts on the basis of interaction between what we might call textual and contextual material: between kinds of organization or patterning we perceive in a texts formal

30、 structures (so especially its language structures) and various kinds of background, social knowledge, belief and attitude that we bring to the text.Section TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be wri

31、tten clearly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration one of the great folk wanderings of historyswept from Europe to America. (46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent.(47) The United States is the product of two principal forcesthe immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the i