考研英语一真题解析和全文翻译大师兄版pdf.docx

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考研英语一真题解析和全文翻译大师兄版pdf.docx

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考研英语一真题解析和全文翻译大师兄版pdf.docx

考研英语一真题解析和全文翻译大师兄版pdf

@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一

[B]journalsarestrengtheningtheirstatisticalchecks.

[C]fewjournalsareblamedformistakesindataanalysis.

[D]lackofdataanalysisiscommoninresearchprojects.

32.

Thephrase“flaggedup”（Para.2）istheclosestinmeaningto______.

[A]found

[B]revised

[C]marked

[D]stored

33.

GiovanniParmigianibelievesthattheestablishmentoftheSBoREmay______.

[A]poseathreattoallitspeers

[B]meetwithstrongopposition

[C]increaseScience’scirculation

[D]setanexampleforotherjournals

34.

DavidVauxholdsthatwhatScienceisdoingnow______.

[A]addstoresearchers’workload

[B]diminishestheroleofreviewers

[C]hasroomforfurtherimprovement

[D]istofailintheforeseeablefuture

35.

Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthetext?

______.

[A]ScienceJoinsPushtoScreenStatisticsinPapers

[B]ProfessionalStatisticiansDeserveMoreRespect

[C]DataAnalysisFindsItsWayontoEditors’Desks

[D]StatisticiansAreComingBackwithScience

Text4

Twoyearsago,RupertMurdoch’sdaughter,Elisabeth,spokeofthe“unsettlingdearthofintegrityacrosssomanyofourinstitutions”.Integrityhadcollapsed,sheargued,becauseofacollectiveacceptancethattheonly“sortingmechanism”insocietyshouldbeprofitandthemarket.But“it’sus,humanbeings,wethepeoplewhocreatethesocietywewant,notprofit”.

Drivingherpointhome,shecontinued:

“It’sincreasinglyapparentthattheabsenceofpurpose,ofamorallanguagewithingovernment,mediaorbusinesscouldbecomeoneofthemostdangerousowngoalsforcapitalismandfreedom.”ThissameabsenceofmoralpurposewaswoundingcompaniessuchasNewsInternational,shethought,makingitmorelikelythatitwouldloseitswayasithadwithwidespreadillegaltelephonehacking.

Asthehackingtrialconcludes—findingguiltyoneex-editoroftheNewsoftheWorld,AndyCoulson,forconspiringtohackphones,andfindinghispredecessor,RebekahBrooks,innocentofthesamecharge—thewiderissueofdearthofintegritystillstands.Journalistsareknowntohavehackedthephonesofupto5,500people.Thisishackingonanindustrialscale,aswasacknowledgedbyGlennMulcaire,themanhiredbytheNewsoftheWorldin2001tobethepointpersonforphonehacking.Othersawaittrial.Thislongstorystillunfolds.

Inmanyrespects,thedearthofmoralpurposeframesnotonlythefactofsuchwidespreadphonehackingbutthetermsonwhichthetrialtookplace.OneoftheastonishingrevelationswashowlittleRebekahBrooksknewofwhatwentoninhernewsroom,howlittleshethoughttoaskandthefactthatsheneverinquiredhowthestoriesarrived.Thecoreofhersuccessfuldefensewasthatsheknewnothing.

Intoday’sworld,ithasbecomenormalthatwell-paidexecutivesshouldnotbeaccountableforwhathappensintheorganizationsthattheyrun.Perhapsweshouldnotbesosurprised.Forageneration,thecollectivedoctrinehasbeenthatthesortingmechanismofsocietyshouldbeprofit.Thewordsthathavematteredareefficiency,flexibility,shareholdervalue,business-friendly,wealthgeneration,sales,impactand,innewspapers,circulation.Wordsdegradedtothemarginhavebeenjustice,fairness,tolerance,proportionalityandaccountability.

ThepurposeofeditingtheNewsoftheWorldwasnottopromotereaderunderstanding,tobefairinwhatwaswrittenortobetrayanycommonhumanity.Itwastoruinlivesinthequestforcirculationandimpact.MsBrooksmayormaynothavehadsuspicionsabouthowherjournalistsgottheirstories,butsheaskednoquestions,gavenoinstructions—norreceivedtraceable,recordedanswers.

36.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,Elisabethwasupsetby______.

[A]theconsequencesofthecurrentsortingmechanism

[B]companies’financiallossduetoimmoralpractices

[C]governmentalineffectivenessonmoralissues

@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一

[D]thewidemisuseofintegrityamonginstitutions

37.ItcanbeinferredfromParagraph3that______.

[A]GlemMulcairemaydenyphonehackingasacrime.

[B]morejournalistsmaybefoundguiltyofphonehacking.

[C]AndyCoulsonshouldbeheldinnocentofthecharge.

[D]phonehackingwillbeacceptedoncertainoccasions.

38.TheauthorbelievestheRebekahBrooks’sdefense______.

[A]revealedacunningpersonality[B]centeredontrivialissues

[C]washardlyconvincing[D]waspartofaconspiracy

39.Theauthorholdsthatthecurrentcollectivedoctrineshows______.

[A]generallydistortedvalues[B]unfairwealthdistribution

[C]amarginalizedlifestyle[D]arigidmoralcode

40.Whichofthefollowingissuggestedinthelastparagraph?

______.

[A]Thequalityofwritingisofprimaryimportance.

[B]Commonhumanityiscentraltonewsreporting.

[C]Moralawarenessmattersineditinganewspaper.

[D]Journalistsneedstricterindustrialregulations.

PartBDirections:

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions41-45,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistA-Gtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.Therearetwoextrachoices,whichdonotfitinanyofthegaps.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Howdoesyourreadingproceed?

Clearlyyoutrytocomprehend,inthesenseofidentifyingmeaningsforindividualwordsandworkingoutrelationshipsbetweenthem,drawingonyourimplicitknowledgeofEnglishgrammar.（41）__________.Youbegintoinferacontextforthetext,forinstancebymakingdecisionsaboutwhatkindofspeecheventisinvolved:

whoismakingtheutterance,towhom,whenandwhere.

Thewaysofreadingindicatedherearewithoutdoubtkindsofcomprehension.Buttheyshowcomprehensiontoconsistnotjustofpassiveassimilationbutofactiveengagementininferenceandproblem-solving.Youinferinformationyoufeelthewriterhasinvitedyoutograspbypresentingyouwithspecificevidenceandclues.（42）

___________.

Conceivedinthisway,comprehensionwillnotfollowexactlythesametrackforeachreader.Whatisinquestionisnottheretrievalofanabsolute,fixedor“true”meaningthatcanbereadoffandcheckedforaccuracy,orsometimelessrelationofthetexttotheworld.（43）___________.

Suchbackgroundmaterialinevitablyreflectswhoweare.（44）___________.Thisdoesn’t,however,makeinterpretationmerelyrelativeorevenpointless.Preciselybecausereadersfromdifferenthistoricalperiods,placesandsocialexperiencesproducedifferentbutoverlappingreadingsofthesamewordsonthepage—includingfortextsthatengagewithfundamentalhumanconcerns—debatesabouttextscanplayanimportantroleinsocialdiscussionofbeliefsandvalues.

Howwereadagiventextalsodependstosomeextentonourparticularinterestinreadingit,（45）_________.Suchdimensionsofreadingsuggest—asothersintroducedlaterinthebookwillalsodo—thatwebringanimplicit（oftenunacknowledged）agendatoanyactofreading.Itdoesn’tthennecessarilyfollowthatonekindofreadingisfuller,moreadvancedormoreworthwhilethananother.Ideally,differentkindsofreadinginformeachother,andactasusefulreferencepointsforandcounterbalancestooneanother.Together,theymakeupthereadingcomponentofyouroverallliteracyorrelationshiptoyoursurroundingtextualenvironment.

[A]Arewestudyingthattextandtryingtorespondinawaythatfulfillstherequirementofagivencourse?

Readingitsimplyforpleasure?

Skimmingitforinformation?

Waysofreadingonatrainorinbedarelikelyto

@大师兄英语·2015年考研英语一

differconsiderablyfromreadinginaseminarroom.

[B]Factorssuchastheplaceandperiodinwhichwearereading,ourgender,ethnicity,ageandsocialclasswillencourageustowardscertaininterpretationsbutatthesametimeobscureorevencloseoffothers.

[C]Ifyouareunfamiliarwithwordsoridioms,youguessattheirmeanings,usingcluespresentedinthecontext.Ontheassumptionthattheywillbecomerelevantlater,youmakeamentalnoteofdiscourseentitiesaswellaspossiblelinksbetweenthem.

[D]Ineffect,youtrytoreconstructthelikelymeaningsoreffectsthatanygivensentence,imageorreferencemighthavehad:

thesemightbetheonestheauthorintended.

[E]Youmakefurtherinferences,forinstanceabouthowthetextmaybesignificanttoyou,oraboutitsvalidity—inferencesthatformthebasisofapersonalresponseforwhichtheauthorwillinevitablybefarlessresponsible.

[F]Inplays,novelsandnarrativepoems,charactersspeakasconstructscreatedbytheauthor,notnecessarilyasmouthpiecesfortheauthor’sownthoughts.

[G]Rather,weascribemeaningstotextsonthebasisofinteractionbetweenwhatwemightcalltextualandcontextualmaterial:

betweenkindsoforganizationorpatterningweperceiveinatext’sformalstructures（soespeciallyitslanguagestructures）andvariouskindsofbackground,socialknowledge,beliefandattitudethatwebringtothetext.

SectionⅢTranslation

Directions:

ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenclearlyontheANSWERSHEET.（10points）

Withinthespanofahundredyears,intheseventeenthandearlyeighteenthcenturies,atideofemigration—oneofthegreatfolkwanderingsofhistory—sweptfromEuropetoAmerica.（46）Thismovement,drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawildernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunchartedcontinent.

（47）TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces—theimmigrationofEuropeanpeopleswiththeirvariedideas,customs,andnationalcharacteristicsandthei

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