中考说明类完形填空提高英语语法.docx

1、中考说明类完形填空提高英语语法英语中考说明类完形填空提高知识定位说明文往往围绕一个问题从不同的侧面来加以说明，通常结构严谨，句子结构复杂，因此是高考完形填空中较难理解的一种文体。说明文一般有三类：一是实体事例说明文。包括说明书、广告、解说词、人物介绍、知识小品、知识注解等（实体事物是指国家、城市、人物、山水、树木、花草、虫鱼、鸟兽、建筑、文化古迹、科技成果及各种工农业产品）；二是事理说明文。包括理论性解释、文书简介、教材等（事理是指观点、立场、名词概念、学术流派等）；三是文艺性说明文。即把说明对象拟人化，进而编成故事，对其进行介绍。与记叙文类相比，高考完形填空中说明文出现的相对较少，但在近几年

2、高考中有逐渐增多的趋势。知识梳理说明文一般采用简练的语言，按一定的方法介绍事物的类别、性质、特点、构造、成因、关系或事物的运动变化、发展的过程及其规律。说明文十分讲究条理性，一般采取时间顺序、空间顺序、逻辑顺序或认知顺序来说明事物或事理。针对说明文独有的文体特点，解答时一定要注意以下几点：1. 了解说明文的种类。弄清楚说明文的种类及其写作特点，有助于采取不同的阅读方式，提高阅读速度。2. 弄清楚说明的顺序。把握了说明顺序，就能准确把握文章的脉络，加强对整篇文章的理解。3. 精读短文，分析文意。应逐句精读短文，逐题分析选项，对特定的语境作深入的理解，克服“思维定势”，根据全文大意和词不离句、句不

3、离文的原则逐项填空。具体方法如下：（1） 从上下文的角度考虑，注意其内在联系。（2） 从词汇意义及用法，惯用方式和搭配的角度去考虑，准确判断。（3） 从逻辑推理、常识等角度考虑，挖掘文章的隐含意义。例题精讲【试题来源】【题目】Today was a very important day. France played _1_ Senegal (塞内加尔) in the opening match of the World Cup. Soccer fans were very _2_ watching the match on TV. To our great surprise, France w

4、as _3_.Today football has become very _4_ in China after a _5_ wait. “China is in the World Cup for the first time, _6_ we should support them!” Said some people. In our school many students enjoy _7_ it. My _8_ and I often go to the football field after class.This afternoon there was a _9_ football

5、 match in our school. _10_ team played against No.1 Middle School. _11_ they were all very big and strong, it was a _12_ game between the two teams with the result 0-0 last time. Today our school played much _13_.In the first half of the match _14_ team kicked a goal, but in the second, Li Ming from

6、 our school kicked a goal. We won 1-0, at last. Im so _15_. I cant get to sleep tonight.【选项】1.A. with B. against C. to D. at 2. A. good at B. pleased to C. interested in D. boring in 3. A. beaten B. knocked C. fought D. hit 4. A. welcome B. popular C. useful D. usual 5. A. 44-day B. 44-week C. 44-mo

7、nth D. 44-year 6. A. or B. but C. so D. yet7. A. buying B. playing C. drinking D. looking 8. A. students B. teachers C. classmates D parents 9. A. happy B. wonderful C. funny D. famous 10. A. Their B. Her C. Your D. Our 11. A. Because B. And C. As D. Though 12. A. mistake B. luck C. draw D. game 13.

8、 A. better B. well C. vest D. worse 14. A. neither B. either C. both D. none 15. A. lucky B. pleased C. unhappy D. Worried【答案】BCABD CBCBD DCAAB 【解析】本人介绍了世界杯首场比赛的结果，表达了中国队进入世界杯引起的兴奋之情，讲述了足球在中国的发展情况。1. B。固定结构 play against sb. 意为“与进行比赛”。2. C。be good at 意为“擅长于”；be pleased to 后面应接动词原形；D 项说法和意思都不对；be inte

9、rested in 意为“对感兴趣”，符合文意，为正确选项。3. A。beat sb. 意为“击败某人”，符合文意，为正确选项。 4. B。事实说明，足球在中国越来越流行，故选 popular。5. D。大家都知道，这次等待的时间应为 44 年，故选 D。6. C。两句的意思形成因果关系，所以应用 so 来引导结果状语从句。7. B。play football 意为“踢足球”。8. C。按常理，放学后，和我一起踢足球的应是同学，故选 classmates。9. B。通读下文，这是一场紧张但以我方胜利而告终的足球赛，比赛刺激精彩，应选 wonderful 。10. D。根据文章，比赛是在我们城队

10、和另一支城队之间进行，故选 our。11. D。分析句子，前一句是后一句的让步状语从句，故应选 Though。12. C。根据上半场 0：0 的比分可知上半场以平局告终，故选 draw 。13. A。从文中可知，我对我队的表现非常满意，且 much 常用来修饰比较级，故选择 better。14. A。neither 表示两者都不，either 表示两者中的任意一个，both 表示两者都，none 表示三者或三者以上都不。上半场双方没有进球，故选 neither。.15. B。我队获胜，我当然很高兴，故选 pleased。【知识点】中考说明类完形填空提高【适用场合】当堂例题【难度系数】3【试题来

11、源】【题目】The computer is fast, and never makes a mistake, while people are too slow, and full of mistakes sometimes. Thats _1_ people often say when _2_ talk about computers. For over a quarter of a century, scientists have been _3_ better and better computers. Now a computer can _4_ a lot of _5_ jobs

12、wonderfully. It is _6_ used in factories, hospitals, post offices and airports. A computer can report, decide and control in almost _7_ field. Many computer scientists are thinking of _8_ the computer “think” like a man. With the help of a person, a computer can _9_ pictures, write music, talk with

13、people, play chess, recognize voices, translate languages and so on. Perhaps computers will _10_ really think and feel. Do you think the people will be afraid _11_ they find that the computer is too clever to listen to and serve the people? No, people will _12_ better use of the computers in _13_ fu

14、ture. Man is _14_ the master of the computer. The computer works only _15_ the help of man. It cannot take the place of man.【选项】1. A. that B. what C. how D. why2. A. we B. they C. you D. people3. A. loving B. taking C. making D. thinking4. A. have B. get C. do D. offer5. A. everyday B. every day C.

15、each day D. some day6. A. widely B. wide C. great D. deeply7. A. either B. all C. both D. every8. A. producing B. ordering C. making D. building9. A. take B. look at C. draw D. put10.A. one day B. a day C. any day D. the other day11.A. when B. that C. how D. while12.A. chose B. get C. take D. make13

16、.A. a B. an C. the D. /14.A. often B. never C. always D. sometimes15.A. with B. under C. by D. for【答案】BBCCA ADCCA ADCCA【解析】本文讲述了电脑在人类工作与生活等方面起着越来越大的作用，并告诉人们不必担心不断发展的电脑会威胁人类的安全，因为它永远处于人类的操纵之中。1B。这里需要一个表语从句的引导词，并在从句中作 say 的宾语，代替上文的内容。 what从意思和语法上都合乎文意，为正确选项。2B。替代前文的 people 应用 they。3C。科学家们一直在制造越来越好的电脑，

17、故选择 making。4C。do a lot of jobs 意思为“干许多事情”。其余三个动词皆不合文意。5A。词组 every day 意思为“每天”；some day 指将来的“某一天”；形容词 everyday 意思为“日常的”，合乎文意，为正确选项。6A。这里应选择一个副词，表示电脑应用的程度。widely 意思是“广泛地”，为正确选项。7D。下文中的 field 是可数名词单数形式，意思为“领域”，而 either 指两者中的任意一个，不合文意，故选择 every。8C。make 作使役动词时，后面应接不定式的复合结构，且不定式省去 to，即 make sb. do sth.，故选

18、择 make。9C。draw 意思为“画图”，合乎文意。10A。the other day 指过去的某一天；one day 既可指过去的某一天，也可指将来的某一天。这里讲的是将来的设想，故选 one day。11A。这是一个时间状语从句。while 引导的从句中的动词必须是延续性动词；when 引导的从句中，动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是瞬间动词，故 when 为正确选项。12D。固定结构 make use of 意思为“利用”。13C。in the future 意思为“将来”，为正确选项。而 in future 意思为“今后”，不合文意。14C。根据上下文，电脑是不可能取代人类的，而人类

19、应永远是电脑的操纵者，故选 always。15A。固定结构 with the help of 意思为“在的帮助下”。【知识点】中考说明类完形填空提高【适用场合】当堂例题【难度系数】4【试题来源】【题目】Suppose(假设) you are going to Boston, and you 1 the city before. If someone 2 you about the interesting places in the city, you _3 to get some ideas of what you will see. But dont have a 4_ idea of wh

20、ere these places are or of how to find 5 . However, 6_ someone has a map of the city and 7 you the main roads and buildings, you may say, “ Oh, now I see . I can find my way with 8_ trouble at all ”. Working in math is somewhat（有点儿） like trying to find your way 9 a new city. Perhaps the words may te

21、ll you some information and you have 10 it, but you cant see any clear road 11 the answers.Maybe you 12 a kind of map of the main roads in maths 13_ you find your way. Explore（探究）what lies in maths, and 14 to find the main roads. They will 15 you to the answer. If you can find the “map”, the maths p

22、roblems will be easily worked out.【选项】1. A. are going to visit B. once visitedC. have never visited D. have ever visit 2. A. answers B. shows C. meets D. tells3. A. begin B. like C. learn D. refuse4. A. clever B. clear C. strange D. wrong5. A. someone B. Boston C. them D. it6. A. if B. though C. whe

23、ther D. since7. A. helps B. gives C. passes D. shows8. A. not B. no C. some D. much9. A. of B. to C. in D around10. A. thought over B. heard aboutC. written down D talked with11. A. with B. for C. of D to 12. A. need to have B. dont need C neednt D. in need of 13. A. help B. to help C. helps D help

24、with14. A. try your best B. take your placeC. look up D walk on15. A. keep B. send C. lead D. ask【答案】CDABC ADBBA DABAC【解析】文章以在陌生的城市找名胜为例，说明了解决数学最重要的是先找出一条通往答案的路径。1C。下文表明：你要去的是一个一点儿都不熟悉的城市，说明以前没有去过。故选 have never visited。2D。show 意为“带领某人参观某地”或“向某人展示某物”；tell sb. about sth. 意为“告诉某人关于的情况。根据下文可知 tell 为正确选项

25、。3A。文章表明：听了别人的介绍后，你对城市的名胜开始有了一些初步的印象。故选 begin。4B。根据文意，你对名胜的概况只是听说而已，对名胜的具体位置及如何找到所指的名胜不太清楚。故选 clear。5C。指代上文出现的 interesting places 应用 them。6A。根据句意，前半句是后半句的条件状语从句，应用 if 引导。7D。show sb. sth.意为“把给某人看”，合符文意，为正确选项。8B。根据地图上的位置，你会毫不费力地找到想去的地方。故选 no。9B。本文是讲如何在一个陌生的城市里找到目的地，而不是找去某个城市的路。故选 in。10A。做数学题时，你肯定要对题目中

26、所给的信息进行思考。故应选 thought over。11D。the road to the answers 意为“解决问题的路径”，to 为正确选项。12A。根据上文列举的根据地图找名胜的例子可知，做数学题目也需要“地图”。故应选need to have。13B。这里应该用动词不定式 to help you find your way 作目的状语才合符句意。14A。try ones best to do sth.意思是“尽某人最大的努力去做某事”，为正确选项。15C。“lead sb. to 某地”意思是“引导某人到达某地”。【知识点】中考说明类完形填空提高【适用场合】当堂练习题【难度系数】

27、4【试题来源】【题目】Many animals use some kinds of “language”. They use signals(信号) and the signals have meanings. For example, _1 a bee has found some food, it goes 2 its home. 3 is difficult for a bee to tell _4 bees where the food is speaking to them, but it can do a little dancing. This tells the bees wh

28、ere the food is and 5 it is.Some animals show 6 they feel by making sounds. It is not difficult to tell if a dog is angry because it barks. Birds make several different sounds and 7 has its meaning. Sometimes we humans make sounds in the same way. We make sounds like “Oh” to 8 how we feel about _9_

29、or we 10 something on our feet.We humans have languages. We have words. These words have meaning of things, action, feeling or ideas. We are able to _11_ each other information, to tell other people 12 we think or we feel. By writing down words, we can remember what has happened or 13 messages to pe

30、ople far away.Languages, like people, live and die. If a language is not used by people, it is called a dead language. This language cannot live and grow because 14 speaks it.A living language, of course, is often spoken by people today. It grows and changes with time. New words are created, and som

31、e old words have 15 meanings.【选项】1. A. because B. since C. when D. as2. A. out of B. back from C. away from D. back to3. A. It B. This C. That D. He4. A. each other B. another C. the other D. others5. A. how long B. how far away C. how many D. how old6. A. why B. which C. how D. what7. A. each B. every C. all D. some8. A. show B. say C. talk D. speak9. A. everything B. something C. nothing D. anything10. A. put B. drop C. fall D. s