应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译.docx

1、应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版课后答案和课文翻译应用化学专业英语第二版万有志主编版(课后答案和课文翻译)Unit 1 The Roots of ChemistryI. Comprehension.1.C 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. BII. Make a sentence out of each item by rearranging the words in brackets.1.The purification of an organic compound is usually a matter of considerable difficulty, and it is nec

2、essary to employ various methods for this purpose.2.Science is an ever-increasing body of accumulated and systematized knowledge and is also an activity by which knowledge is generated.3.Life, after all, is only chemistry, in fact, a small example of chemistry observed on a single mundane planet.4.P

3、eople are made of molecules; some of the molecules in people are rather simple whereas others are highly complex.5.Chemistry is ever present in our lives from birth to death because without chemistry there is neither life nor death.6.Mathematics appears to be almost as humankind and also permeates a

4、ll aspects of human life, although many of us are not fully aware of this.III. Translation.1.(a) chemical process (b) natural science (c) the technique of distillation2.It is the atoms that make up iron, water, oxygen and the like/and so on/and so forth/and otherwise.3.Chemistry has a very long hist

5、ory, in fact, human activity in chemistry goes back to prerecorded times/predating recorded times.4.According to/From the evaporation of water, people know/realized that liquids can turn/be/change into gases under certain conditions/circumstance/environment.5.You must know the properties of the mate

6、rial before you use it.IV. Translation化学是三种基础自然科学之一，另外两种是物理和生物。自从宇宙大爆炸以来，化学过程持续进行，甚至地球上生命的出现可能也是化学过程的结果。人们也许认为生命是三步进化的最终结果,第一步非常快,其余两步相当慢。这三步是：（I）物理进化（化学元素的产生），（II）化学进化（分子和生物分子的形成）；和（III）生物进化（有机物的形成和发展）。V. Solution:Cu3(AsO4)2copper() arsenateCr(C2H3O2)3chromium() acetateIV. Acid names may be obtaine

7、d directly from its acid ion by changing the name of the acid ion (negative ion). Use the rule to give the name of the following acid. Formula of acidOld nameName of acidH2CO3carbonic acidHClO2chlorous acidHClO4perchloric acidHCNhydrocyanic acidHBrhydrobromic acidH4SiO4silicic acidH3AsO4arsenic acid

8、V. Complete the sentences with the proper form of the word given at the end of the sentence.1.is altered; 2.To illustrate 3.indicates 4.should expect 5.would cancel 6. are pulled 7.depend on 8.are; referred 9.formed 10.have discussedVI. Translation1. Matter can neither be created nor be destroyed/el

9、iminated.2. It is necessary that a scientist must know how to use fingures to get an accutate answer to question.3. Any substance is made of atoms whether it is solid, liquid or gas.4. The experiment was successful. Its results was the same as what we had expected.5. It will not be long before we fi

10、nish the experiment.VII. Write equations for the following acid-base reactions. Use the information in inorganic textbook to predict whether the equilibrium will favor the reactants or the products. (Partially Solved)Solutin to (a): Cyanide is the conjugate base of HCN. It can accept a proton from f

11、ormic acid:Reading from inorganic textbook, formic acid (pKa=3.76) is a stronger acid than HCN (pKa=9.22), and cyanide is a stronger base than formate. The products (weaker acid and base) are favored.VIII. Write equations for the net reactions which occur when the following materials are added to a

12、sodium-ammonia solution.Answer: (1) 2CH3GeH3 + 2eam- H2 + 2CH3GeH2-(2) I2 + 2eam- 2I-(3) (C2H5)2S + 2eam- + NH3 C2H5S- + C2H6 + NH2-Unit 10 Nomenclature of HydrocarbonsI. Comprehension1.C 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.BII. Name the following compounds by the IUPAC system1CH3(CH2)nCH3 (n=2, 3, 4, 6, respectively

13、)butane, pentane, hexane, octane2(CH3)2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH32-methylpentane3(CH3)3C-CH2-CH(C2H5)-CH2-CH34-ethyl-2,2-dimethylhexane4(CH3)2CH-CH2CH2-CH(CH2CH2CH3)-CH(CH3)25-isopropyl-2-methyloctane5CH3-CH2-CH2-C(CH2CH2CH3)2-CH(CH3)24-isopropyl-4-propylheptane6-CH2-CH(CH3)2isobutylcyclobutane7CH2=C(C2H5)(CH

14、(CH3)2)2-ethyl-3-methyl-1-butene8CH3-CH2-CH=CH-CHCl-CH32-chloro-3-hexene9CH3-CH(CH3)-CH(C2H5)-CC-CH34-ethyl-5-methyl-2-hexyne10CH2=CH-CCH1-buten-3-yne11(CH3)2CH-CH2CH(OH)CH34-methyl-2-pentanol12CH3CH2CH=CHCH(OH)CH33-hexen-2-ol13(CH3)3C-OH2-methyl-2-propanol14(CH3)3C-OCH2H52-ethoxy-2-methylpropane15(

15、CH3)2CH-CH2-O-C2H51-ethoxy-2-methylpropane16(CH2OH)21,2-ethanediol17CH3-CH(OH)-CH2(OH)1,2-proanediol18CH2(OH)-CH(OH)-CH2(OH)1,2,3-propanetriol19CH3CH2NH2aminoethane20CH3CH2CH2CH(CH3)CH-NH-CH3N-methyl-1-amino-2-methylpentaneIII. Draw structures for the following compounds.13-octeneC-C-C=C-C-C-C-C23-m

16、ethy-2-heptene3cyclohexene42-pentyneC-CC-C-C53,3-dimethylhexyne63-bromotoluene7vinyl chlorideC=C-Cl8acetyleneCC9para-dichlorobenzene10m-chlorobromobenzene11toluene12chlorobenzene131,2-dibromobenzene14naphthalene15anthracene16phenanthrene172-methyl-1-propanol18Cyclohexanol 19Methoxyethene 20trans-2-e

17、thoxycyclohexanolIV. Decide which item best completes each unfinished sentence.1.A 2.A 3.B 4.CV. Each of the following names is incorrect. Draw the structure represented by the incorrect name (or a consistent structure if the name is ambiguous), and give your drawing the correct name.()Unit 11 Carbo

18、xylic Acids and Their DerivativesI. Comprehension1.B 2.B 3.C 4.D 5.A 6.CII. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.1.brought out 2.dozen or so; put together 3.are made of ;divided by 4.are different from 5.on the contrary; consist of 6.summed up 7.stand for 8.such as 9.are; dependent on 10.

19、break down intoIII. Put in proper prepositions or adverbs into the blanks.1.with; as 2.to 3.about 4.from 5.into IV. Translation1. Similarly, solvent also may not be liquid matter but the others2. A graph plotting solubility against temperature is called a solubility curve. ( The curve plot drawn (ma

20、de / produced) by solubility as one coordinate and temperature as another coordinate is called solubility curve.)3. Air is mixture of gases , the most abundant of which is nitrogen in the form of N2 (molecules).4. The direction of the reaction and the position of the equilibrium may also be affected

21、 by the temperature, pressure, and other conditions.5. Hydrogen has a great affinity for oxygen and easily combines with it to form water.V. Translation玻意尔（Bohr）模型提出不久后，人们就发现原子中的电子比Bohr提出的模型要复杂得多。实验证实电子既有粒子的性质（质量）也有光的特性（波的特性）。因为它的两重性，电子不能被看作是在确定范围内绕核旋转的一种简单粒子，而且如Bohr所说的，如果电子高速运动，我们就不能确切地知道它的位置。Unit

22、13 Ultraviolet and Visible Molecular SpectroscopyI. Comprehension1.C 2.D 3.D 4.D 5.B II. Fill in the blanks of; as; in; out; In; for; for ; of; in; then; to; for;since(for) ; into.III. Fill the blank in each sentence with an appropriate phrase in its proper form.1. account for 2.take part in 3.think

23、 of .as 4.As compared with 5. is attached to 6.on the contrary 7.As in the case of 8.in contrast with as against 9. owing to 10.Except for.Unit 17 CrystallisationI. Comprehension1.D 2.A 3.A 4.D 5.A II. Fill in the blanks with the proper word given below.Stage; interna; symmetrical; basis; physical;

24、Furthermore; composed; responsible; reasonable; overall.III. Choose the item from (1) (6) that best matches the item in(a) (f) to make a correct sentence. 1a; 2b; 3c; 4d; 5e; 6f.Translate the following into Chinese 共沸物；类质同晶；过饱和；砷酸盐；晶核；异丙基；醇；钠；硫酸盐；间甲酚；糖膏；十水合物；结晶质的；同系物；衍生物；结晶；四硼酸盐；盐析；乙基乙酰苯胺；矿物油。Uint18

25、 DistillationI. Comprehension1.B 2.D 3.A 4. A II. Fill in the blanks with the phrases given below.1.In order to 2.in relation to 3. in the case of 4.in the end 5. in a number of 6.lead to 7.a messy way掌握以下词汇:flashdistillation闪蒸 ;exit stream 出流 ;equilibrium curve 平衡曲线; weir 堰; redistillation 重蒸; appa

26、ratus 设备;overhead product 塔顶产物; enthalpy 焓; intersection 交点; auxiliary辅助装置; rectifying section精馏段 ;reflux回流; reboller 再沸器; stripping section 汽提（提馏）段;bottom product 塔底产物Unit 21 catalysisI. Comprehension1.A 2.D 3.D 4. B 5.C. Translate the following sentences into English(1) We define activity as size

27、(measure) of catalysis of catalyst(2) catalytic reaction may be carried out in different phases, of which mechanisms are generally consistent(3) Enzymes are the most efficient proteins in the human body which accelerate the metabolism of the human body. Translate the following into English reaction

28、equilibrium; repetitiveness; elementary reaction step; stability; catalytic cycle; activity; quantitative analysis; selectivity; metabolic reaction; chemical energy; reaction mechanism; polymer nylon（or nylon）;qualitative analysis; molecular-sieve; tubular reactor; inhibitor; stoichiometry.Unit 22 C

29、osmetics introductionI. Comprehension1.D 2.A 3.D 4. D 5. (1)True; (2)True; (3) False.II. Fill in the blanks with the proper word given below.Focused on; considerations; particular; boosting; price; affect; commitment;different; proposed.III. Put in proper prepositions or adverbs into the blanks. 1.

30、for, of; 2. to; 3. for 4. for(to) 5. of ,about.、Translate the following into English.对亚苯基二胺，降解，丙烯，头皮屑，洗剂， N-亚硝基二乙醇胺，致癌的， 未成熟（or早熟），香波（or洗发剂）， 激素（荷尔蒙）， 防汗剂， 诱变性， 脱臭剂（芳香剂）， 推论（必然结果）， 甘油、Translate the following sentences into Englishsurfactant；environmental pollution；emulsifier；side-effect；dirt；deterge

31、nt； perspiration；preservative.PART TWO THE FUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRYUnit7Chemical Bonds化学键There are approximately 100 chemical elements. 世界上大概有100种元素。There are millions of chemical compound, and about 600000 new compounds are prepared every year. 现有数百万种化合物，而且每年有60万种新化合物被合成出来。To form these compounds, atoms of different elements must be held together in specific combi