Figure interpreting-2.pptx

1、Figure Interpreting(2)Yang Chen,SISPresented by Cherry ChenSome expressionsYang Chen,SIS达到:reach,total,number,peak at,bein total,amount to,add up to,hit,stand at上升,增长：rise,increase (to/by),go up,grow,rise,augment(fml)Continuing rains augmented the flood waters.持续的雨水加大了洪水水量猛增：hike,jump up,shoot up,so

2、ar,surge,zoom,skyrocket,E.g.Wheat prices skyrocketed 小.麦价格猛涨。Discovery of oil here has skyrocketed land values.这里发现了石油，土地价值大幅度上升缓增：climb,pick up下降：decrease(to/by),decline,drop,fall,go down,reduce,sink猛降：plummet,plunge,slash,tumble,precipitateE.g.Stock prices plummeted股.票价格暴跌slash prices for a cleara

3、nce sa清le.仓大甩卖Prices tumbled.价格下跌稍降：dip,slip,trimTrim:To remove(excess)by cutting:削减：通过缩减而去除（多余的）：trim a budget削.减预算Yang Chen,SIS稳定:level out/off,remain stable,stand/stay atlevel out/off:to stop becoming more or less,and remain the sameE.g.Oil prices should level out now that the war is over.波动:fluc

4、tuateYang Chen,SIS占%:account for,take,hold,take up;make up constitute,cover,equal,equivalent to,dominate超出：exceed,outnumber,outpace,outstrip,surpass停滞：freeze,stagnate,stay同比增加X%：representing an increase of X%compared with the same period of the previous yearincreasing by X%compared with the same per

5、iod of the previous year,an increase of X%compared with the same period of the previous yearYang Chen,SIS1.模糊数字的口译Yang Chen,SIS口译中经常遇到一些模糊数字，如“几个”、“十几个”、“几十个”、“成百上千个”等等。此类数字主要靠平时对表达方式的熟记，用时方能熟练自如，准确无误。几个 some,a few,several,a number of两三个 two or three十几个 more than ten,over a dozen,a dozen of三十来个:abou

6、t/around thirty十几个ten or more几十个:tens of/dozens of几十年:decades十几岁:in ones teens四十出头:a bit over forty五十左右:about fifty;more or less fiftyYang Chen,SIS九十好几了:well over ninety三天左右:three days or so大约500 米处:somewhere about 500 meters好几百:hundreds of成百上千、千千万万:thousands of数亿万:hundreds of millions of倍数的翻译Yang C

7、hen,SIS“A是B的X倍”“A is X times as large as B”“A is X times larger than B”“A比B大（X1）倍”ReferenceYang Chen,SIS:在翻译时，绝不可随便改变larger than=as large as 在表达倍数时的统一性”。翻译通讯.1988（2）:在当代英语里，A is n times larger than B与A is n times as large as B在意义上是完全一样的。国防工业出版社，1990 实用科技英语语法讲义:x times+形容词（副词）比较级+than”与“x times+as as

8、”的含义是完全 一致的。This skirt costs twice as much as that one.这裙子比那条贵一倍。The volume of the earth is 49 times larger than that of the moon.地球比月球大48倍。The GNP is 4 times as much as (it was )a decade ago.The GNP is 4 times more than (it was )a decade ago.国民生产总值是十年前的4倍。国民生产总值比十年前多了3倍。Yang Chen,SISThe incubation

9、period of this disease is three times as long as flu.此病的潜伏期比流感长2倍。Mercury weights 13 times more than water.水银比水重12倍。这个房间有那个房间的四个大。This room is four times as big as that one.Yang Chen,SIS他们的房子比我们的大三倍。Their house is four times bigger than ours.Their house is four times as big as ours.这顿饭我比他多付了两倍的钱。I p

10、aid 3 times as much for the meal as he did.I paid 3 times more for the meal than he did.Yang Chen,SISN.B.英文增加倍数的译法increase to n timesincrease n times n-foldincrease by n timesincrease by a factor of n以上四式均应译为：增加到n倍（或：增加n-1 倍）。The voltage has been increased by a factor of four.电压增加了3倍（即增加到原来的4倍）。The

11、production of sugar has been increased by 3 times as compared with last year.白糖的产量比去年增加了两倍（即增加到去年的3倍）。Yang Chen,SISReferenceYang Chen,SIS孙复初教授在“英汉大词典关于倍数的两处错误”一文中指出：“Longman,Oxford,Webster 原文词 典的释义说明 twofold和double,doubly,to two times,by two times 以及 threefold和 to threetimes,by three times 是同义的。“根据我

12、收集的英美原著的许多例句也说明a twofold increase,increase twofold,increase by two times 都表示增加到两倍或增加一倍（而不是增加两倍）；increase by threefold和 increase by three times都表示增加到三倍或 增加两倍（而不是增加三倍）。”Yang Chen,SIS此外，英语中还有一种用again 而不用倍数词来比较倍数的方法，如：a is as much again as b.=a is twice as much as b.应译为：a比b多1倍。a is half as much again as

13、 b.=a is one and a half times as much as b.应译为：a比b多一半（即a是b的一倍半）。N.B.中文增加倍数的译法Yang Chen,SIS汉语表示倍数有两类表达方法（n指倍数）：“甲的大小是乙的n倍”（包括基数）“甲已增加到乙的n倍”（包括基数）“甲比乙增加了n倍”（不包括基数，只表示净增倍数)“甲比乙翻了n番”（不包括基数）这就给翻译时带来不便且容易误译！在英译汉时通常的作法是：若用不包括基数的汉语句型时，则须在原文的倍数中减去1（即 n-1）。在汉译英时，首先要仔细区分是包括基数在内的增加倍数还是净增倍数，然后决定用n times 还是(n+1)t

14、imes.去年这个公司的手机销量增长了一倍。（增加到原来的两倍）The sales volume of mobile phones of this company increased nearly twice last year.值得一提的是，当原文中的倍数非常巨大，通常只是一种估计，而不是精确的数据时，则汉译时通常倍数与原文相同而不加变动（即可不遵循原则）。如：Radiation in the X-ray range would be one million times brighter than that from an X-ray tube.同步加速器辐射的亮度比射线管所发出的大万倍（通

15、常不必译为，倍）。Yang Chen,SISExerciseYang Chen,SISThe output of chemical fertilizer has been raised 5 times as against l986化肥产量比1986 年增加了4倍。This policy can increase the rate of employment by two or three times.这一政策可使就业率提高1倍或2倍。Our export this year has tripled/trebled,compared with what it was last year.我国今

16、年的出口额是去年的3倍。Yang Chen,SISThe reason GM food will not go away is that we need a three-fold increase in food production by the year 2050 to keep pace with theworlds predicted population growth.转基因食品不会被淘汰，因为到2050 年，我们的食品产量需要增长2倍（增长至现在的3倍）才能跟上世界人口的预计增长步伐。The output of paper has more than doubled thisYan

17、g Chen,SISyear.今年纸张的产量增加了一倍多。The output of soybean increased by ayear.factor of 3 last去年大豆的产量增加了二倍。The professors salary is half as much lecturers.again as the教授的薪水比讲师多一半。2007年电冰箱的产量比1997年增加了三倍。The production of refrigerators in 2007 has increased four times as against 1997.1986年这个国家的粮食产量是 1984年的5.2

18、倍。The nations grain output in l986 was 5.2 times that of l984.今年第一季度该地区的失业率比 2007年同期增加了两倍。The unemployment rate in this region for the first quarter of this year has increased three times as against the same period of 2007.亚洲面积4400万平方公里，欧洲面积 1016万平方公里，亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。Asia spans 44 million square km,four t

19、imes the area of Europe,which is 10.16 million square km.Yang Chen,SISExerciseYang Chen,SIS过去20 年中，中国的国内生产总值增长了近5倍。In the past 20 years,Chinas GDP increased nearly 6 times.1978 年至1997 年，中国人均可支配收入增长了3.4 倍。Chinas per capita disposable income went up by 4.4 times between 1978 and 1997.ExerciseYang Chen

20、,SIS中国城镇居民人均居住面积由1978 年的3.6 平方米提高到1997 年的8.8 平方米，增加1.4 倍。The per capita living space for urban residents in China expanded from 3.6 square meters in 1978 to8.8 square meters in 1997,a rise of 2.4 times.1997 年，全国高等学校在校生总数为608 万人，其中研究生18 万人，分别是1979 年的2.2 倍和9.6 倍。In 1997,6.08million students were study

21、ing in colleges and universities,including 180 thousand postgraduates,2.2 times and 9.6 times the figure of 1979 respectively.ExerciseYang Chen,SISSince mid-century,the global economy has nearly quintupled,where the population had soubled,demand for grain has nearlytripled,and the burning of fossil

22、fuels has increased nearlyfourfold（has quadrupled).自本世纪中叶以来，全球经济增长了近四倍，人口翻了一番，结果，粮食的需求增加了近两倍，石油燃料增加了近三倍。Chinas total grain output increased from 110 million tonsin 1949 to 510 million tons in 1998,or an increase of over4.5 times,with an average annual growth rate of 3.1 percent,2.5 times that of the

23、 population growth.1949 年至1998 年，中国的粮食总产量由1.1 亿吨增加到5.1亿吨，增长3.5 倍，年平均增长率3.1%，是人口增长率的2.5 倍。英语倍数减少的译法Yang Chen,SISA is n times as small as b.A is n times smaller than b.以上两句均应译为：a的大小是b的1/n 或a比b小（n-1）/n。The hydrogen atom is nearly 16 times as light as the oxygen atom.氢原子的重量约为氧原子的1/16（即比氧原子约轻15/16）。decre

24、ase n times/n-folddecrease by n timesdecrease to n timesdecrease by a factor of n以上均译为：减少到1/n或：减少(n-1)/nThe switching time of the new-type transistor is shortened 3 times.新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了2/3When the voltage is stepped up by 10 tim，es the strength of the current is stepped down by10 times.电压升高9倍，电流强度便降低

25、9/10Yang Chen,SISExerciseYang Chen,SISThe equipment reduced the error probability by a factor of 5.该设备将误差概率降低了4/5。This sort ofmembrane is twice thinner than ordinary paper.这种薄膜比普通纸张要薄一半（即是普通纸厚度的1/2）。The principal advantage of the products is a three-fold reduction in weight.这些产品的主要优点是重量减轻了2/3。The nu

26、mber of the students in that school has been decreased more than 6 fold.该校学生减少了5/6.By using a new process the prime cost of the television set was reduced by 3.4 times.由于采用了一种新的工艺，该电视机的主要成本下降了大约70%左右。Yang Chen,SISIf there were a bridge here,the distance would be shortened 4 times.距离将缩短3/4The price o

27、f farm tools has decreased by a factor of 4.农具降价75%。Yang Chen,SIS汉语倍数减少的译法Yang Chen,SIS汉语常用“减少了百分之几”或“减少了几成”的说法，因此减少多用百分数和分数表示。该公司的员工裁减了近三分之一，开支减少了近四分之一。The personnel of the company have been reduced nearly by one-third and the expenses by one-fourth.ExerciseYang Chen,SIS由于水灾，去年的收成减少了三成。Owning to fl

28、ood,the crop output last year dropped by 30 percent.1998 年，政府机构改革目标实现。国务院下设部门从40 个减少到29 个，人员减少了近一半。In 1998,the targets o rf estructuringgovernmental institutions mere met.Departments under thS e tate Council were reduced from 40 to 29 and personnel were cut nearly by half.增/减百分比的译法Yang Chen,SIS英语和汉语

29、含义一致。增/减了%Increase/rise/grow(by)%Decrease/drop/fall/sink(by)%增加/减少到%Increase/rise/grow to%Decrease/drop/fall/sink to%与相比，增/减了%Increase/decrease by%(as)compared with/as against/as opposed to/over增减具体数字的译法Yang Chen,SIS英译：by+具体数字这个月，受经济衰退影响，游客数量减少了五千人次This month,the number of tourists decreased by five

30、 thousand person-times as a result of economic recession.Yang Chen,SISExercise与“锐步”鞋业竞争的结果，从1986到1987年，耐克（鞋）的销售额下降了18%，利润下降了 40%多。Between 1986 and 1987,Nikes sales dropped18 percent and profits sank by more than 40 percent as a result of competition with Reebok.1999年，普通高校招生规模比上年扩大了 47.4%。(University

31、 and college enrollment in1999 increased by 47.4 percent over the previousyear.)由于低温多雨的影响，我国夏粮减产1460 万吨。Chinas output of summer grain declined by14.6 million tons due to low temperature and rainy days(during the growing period).Yang Chen,SISE.g.同1997年相比，1998年工业排污减少了11.6%；家庭排污增加了2.6%。Compared with 19

32、97,the discharge of industrial wastewater dropped by 11.6 percent,while that of domestic sewage rose by 2.6 percent in 1998.Yang Chen,SISYang Chen,SIS1999年，中国外贸出口达1949亿美元，比上年增长6.1%Chinas total exports reached US$194.9 billion in 1999,a rise of6.1 percent over the previous year.1998年，中国全年海外游客入境人数6348

33、万人次，比上年增长 10.2%,国际旅游收入达126亿美元,增长4.4%。In 1998,China received 63.48 million tourists from overseas,up by 10.2 percent.Income of foreign exchange from tourism reached 12.6 million US dollars,up 4.4 percent.E.g.我国水土流失面积每年以10,000平方公里的速度在扩大。目前，水土流失面积已达367万平方公里,占总土地面积将近38%。The area of soil erosion in China has been increasing by 10,000 square km.annually to 3.67 million square km.at present,accounting fo