1、新概念英语 1 lesson 1lesson 82复习一时态:一般现在时,现在进行时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时,过去进行时,过去完成时,过去将来时1. 一般现在时表示一般性,经常性的动作或一般性事实。含有be动词的句子, 变疑问句将be动词移到句首, 变否定句在be动词后面加notHe is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he is. No, he is not.Yes, she is. No, she is not.Yes, they are. No,
2、they are not.不含有动词的句子,即含有一般动词的句子第三人称单数及单数名词,变疑问句在句首加does, 动词变为原型;变否定句在主语及动词之间加doesnt,动词变为原型He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. 肯定回答及否定回答:Yes, he does. No, he doesnt.Yes, she does. No, she doesntYes, it does. No, it doesnt.注意:第三人称单数形式一般在动词后面加S,不要和名词复数混淆,变否定句或疑问句时名词复数没有任何变化。特殊疑问句:疑问词+一
3、般疑问句。如:How does your father go to work?其他人称及复数名词,变疑问句在句首加do,变否定句在主语和动词之间加dont.I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. 肯定回答及否定回答1Yes, I do. No, I dont.Yes, we do. No, we dontYes, they do. No, they dont.2. 现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作。构成:主语be动词动词的现在分词其它成分(现在分词的构成见附录)变疑问句将be动词移到
4、句首,变否定句在be动词后面加 notWe are having lunch. He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. 特殊疑问句:what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑问词动词主语现在分词What are you doing?What is she doing?What is the dog doing?(必背)没有进行时的动词表示状态,思想,感情和感觉的动词不能表示正在进行的动作1. 表示感觉,感官的词see,
5、 hear, like, love, want,2. have, has当”拥有”讲时没有进行时3. 一般将来时表示将来将要发生的动作,经常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示将来的词联用。结构:主语+助动词will+动词原形,变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加notI will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the
6、next. Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning. 2 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I will. No, I will not.Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not.Yes, he will. No, he will not.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+助动词will+主语+动词原形?-What will you do? -Where will you go? When will she go?.3. 一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或事件,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如yesterday, las
7、t night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago,in 1989,in summer含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式,am, is的过去式为was,are的过去式为were。变疑问句将be动词移动到句首,变否定句在be动词后面加not。I was at the butchers. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. 肯定回答否定回答Yes, I was. No, I was not.Yes, you were. No, you we
8、re not.Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+助动词did+主语+动词原形?-What did you do? Where did she go?(必背)不含有be动词的句子,将动词变为过去式。变疑问句在句首加did,动词变为原型。变否定句在主语和动词之间加did notI finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant. The Sawyers lived at King Streeta year ago. 肯定回答及否定回答3Yes, I did. No
9、, I didnt.Yes, he did. No, he didnt.Yes, they did. No, they did not.4. 现在完成时构成:主语+助动词have, has+过去分词用法:1)表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作,常和just, usually, already, since等时间副词连用I have just had lunch. (饱了,不用再吃了)He has had a cup of tea.(不渴了,不用再喝)They have already had their holiday. (不能再度假了)The boy has already read th
10、e book. (已经知道书的内容了,不用再看了)2)询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时:Have you finished your homework?Have you been to Beijing?Have he seen the film?3)表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作I have lived in Beijing for twenty years.I have worked for this school for 1 year.4)表示一种经历,经验:去过地方,做过事情,经历过事情I have never had a bath.I have never seen a film
11、.I have never been to cinema.I have ever been to Paris.Have been to表示去过,have gone to 表示去了I have been to London.(人已经回来)He has gone to London.(人还在那里)5)表示一种结果, 一般不和时间副词联用I have lost my pen.I have hurt myself.He has become a teacher.She has broken my heart.句型变化:变疑问句将助动词移到句首,变否定句在助动词后面加not.4e.g. Have you
12、 lost your pen? I have not lost my pen.肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑问句:What have you done?What has he done?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别:凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时注意:有些动词表示的动作有一个终点,不能再延续,因此不能和表示一段时间状语连用错:Ive left Beijing for 3 days.对:I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days.6. 过去完成时
13、:用法:在过去的时间里,两个动作中,发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。结构:had+过去分词After she had finished her homework, she went shopping.They had sold the car before I asked the price.The train had left before I arrived at the station.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号,如果放在主句后则不用加。变疑问句将助动词移到句首Had she finished her homework?变否定句在助动词后面加n
14、otShe hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, she had. No, she hadnt.特殊疑问句:What had she done?7. 过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作,经常用在when, while, as引导的状语从句中。结构:was/were+doingWhen my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor.While we were having dinner, my father was
15、watching TV.8 过去将来时5结构:would doShe said she would go here the next morning.二 特殊句型:there be 句型,be going to 结构1. Be going to 结构 表示打算,准备,计划做某事结构:主语+be动词+going to +动词原型 变疑问句将be动词移到句首,变否定句在be动词后面加not。I am going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is going to give the bookcase to hi
16、s daughter. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, I am. No, I am not.Yes, they are. No, they are not.Yes, he is. No, he is not.特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+be动词+主语+going to+动词原形?-What are you going to do?-What are they going to do?-What is the father going to do?2. There be 句型:表示哪里有什么东西(某处有某物)There is单数名词表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)。变疑问句将be动词移到句首变否定句在动
17、词后面加notThere is a book in this room. There is a pen on the table There are复数名词表示场所的词(一般为介词词组)There are two pens on the table. There are three schools there. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not.6Yes, there are. No, there are not.三问句:一般疑问句,特殊疑问句,选择疑问句,反意疑问句,选择疑问句,否定疑问句一般疑问句: 助动词/be动词+主语Are you a
18、teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea?特殊疑问句: 特殊疑问词+一般疑问句What is your name?选择疑问句: orDo you want beef or lamb?反意疑问句: 肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分,否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分You dont need that pen, do you? You are an English teacher,arent you?否定疑问句: 一般疑问句+否定词Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest? Dont you know I love you?
19、Doesnt she love me? 四冠词用法:a/an/the的一般用法。不定冠词:a、an a student,an applea、an表示一个,一只 一个苹果 an apple,一本书 a book,一本英语书 an English booka用于辅音(读音)前;an用于元音(读音)前。为了读音的方便,在以元音音素开头的可数名词的单词前用an,而不用a。使用an的条件:1、这个名词的读音必须是以元音音素开头,即它的音标的第一个音素是元音,而不是说以元音字母开头;2、它必须是可数名词;3、必须是单数可数名词。a university 一所大学,an hour 一个小时, an hone
20、st man 一个诚实的人英文字母前用a还是用an的问题在26个英文字母中,a, e, i, o, f, h, l, m, n, r, s, x等12个字母的读音是以元音开头的,其余字母则是以辅音开头的。如:-Please pay attention to your spelling. You have dropped _”m” here. A. an B. the C. / D. a定冠词:the the student,the applethe 表示“这,那,这些,那些” the student 这个学生 the students 这些学生the用在特定的名词前面,表示确定的事物(谈话中都
21、知道的物或人)或人。-I have a pen,the pen is brown. -The boy is short but strong.五限定词:some, any, many, muchsome, any 修饰可数名词或不可数名词,some用于肯定句,any用于否定句和疑问句,注意,当期待对方的答案为肯定回答时用some(Would you like some coffe?)7 many修饰可数名词,much修饰不可数名词,在口语中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much.I have a lot of money. I
22、dont have much money.六名词:种类,复数,名词所有格可数名词:可以用数目来计算的东西,一分为二以后就不是原来的东西。不可数名词:不能用数目来计算的东西,一分为二后还是以前的东西。不可数名词有以下特点:l.不能用a, an修饰,2.不能加s,3.和单数be动词或动词搭配常见的不可数名词:water(水) milk(牛奶) tea(茶) rice(米饭) juice(果汁) bread(面包)a cup of water,two glasses of milk,a bowl of rice,a piece of paper,a loaf of bread,a cup of te
23、a,love, beauty, coldness(寒冷)规则变化的名词复数形式规则1多数直接在可数名词后加“s”,如:bag-bags,pen-pens,book-books,map-maps,desk-desks规则2-凡是以s、z、x、ch、sh结尾的词,在该词末尾加上后辍-es构成复数。读音变化:统一加读iz。bus-buses,box-boxes,watch-watches,lass-classes,dress-dresses,glass-glasses规则3以-f或-fe结尾的名词,多为将-f或-fe改变为-ves构成复数,但有例外。读音变化:尾音f改读vz wifewives,ho
24、usewifehousewives,knifeknives,lifelives 反例:roofroofs规则4以辅音字母+y结尾的名词,将y变为i,再加es。读音变化:加读z。 candycandies 糖果,ladyladies女士们,storystories 故事以元音字母a、e、i、o、u加y结尾的单词就不用变y为i加es,而直接加s,读zboyboysbiz,daydaysdeiz,SundaySundays规则5-以o结尾的名词的复数形式,-以o结尾的名词,如hero(英雄)、piano(钢琴)、zoo(动物园)读音变化:加读z。-指人和农作物的加es、其他的加s。(或者是有生命的加
25、es,无生命的加s)tomatotomatoes(西红柿),potatopotatoes(土豆)photophotos(相片),zoozoos(动物园),radioradios(收音机),pianopianos(钢琴)名词所有格,表示“的”,(表示所属关系,其后可以不加物品(sth.)Tims tie,Tim的领带。81、一般情况下,在名词后面加s。如Tims 蒂姆的,my brothers 我兄弟的,Mr.Zhangs2、当单词是复数形式或以s结尾时,直接加。 如:students 学生们的。3、当单词是复数形式,但结尾不是s时,仍然加s。如:childrens 孩子们的。写出下列名词的复数
26、形式1、orange2、class3、text 4、monkey5、piano6、child7、shelf 8、bed9、country10、family11、toy 12、foot13、student 14、radio15、photo16、army17、tomato18、fox19、woman20、knife22、sheep23、desk24、book25、teacher七介词( 注意总结书上词组)八副词:用法及形容词变副词的变化adv.副词可以修饰形容词,动词,副词或整个句子。如:The book is very good.He runs fast.She came here quite
27、early.Certainly I will go with you.1、有许多副词是对应的形容词加ly构成如:carefulcarefully,quietquietly,quickquickly,pleasant-pleasantly等。2、词尾是辅音y的要把y变为i再加ly 如:busybusily,happyhappily,easyeasily,angryangrily,heavyheavily,healthyhealthily,lazylazily 3、以e结尾的,大部分直接加-ly 如:widewidely,bravebravely,wisewisely,likelikely,有一个
28、特殊的要去e后再加-ly 如:true-truly 4、以le结尾的形容词变le为ly如:possible-possibly,terrible-terribly,comfortable-comfortably,gentle-gently,simple-simply5、不规则变化虽然以ly结尾,但却是形容词,不能直接用来修饰动词,如:friendly、lively、lovely、lonely、likely9 本身既是形容词也是副词,无需改变,如:fast-fast、early-early、high-high、hard-hard、late-late、far-far、wide-wide、alone-
29、alone等。九情态动词的使用:can, must, may, might, need,1情态动词can(能够), must(必须), may(可以)结构:主语+can/must/may+动词原型。 变疑问句将情态动词移到句首变否定句在情态动词后面加notHe can make the tea. Sally can air the room. We can speak English. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, he can. No, he cannot.Yes, she can. No, she cannot.Yes, we can. No, we cannot.特殊疑问句:What can you do?注意:情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化,不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2Must/have to的区别must 表示必须,是主观上觉得应该做,have to是不得不,是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must 只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里,而have to do可以用在任何
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