学年高中英语Unit4Sharing4SectionⅣGrammar教案新人教版选修7.docx

1、学年高中英语Unit4Sharing4SectionGrammar教案新人教版选修7Section Grammar限制性定语从句1(教材P29)I know youre dying to hear all about my life here, so Ive included some photos which will help you picture the places I talk about.2(教材P29)The boys who had never come across anything like this before started jumping out of the w

2、indows.3(教材P29)But last weekend another teacher, Jenny, and I did visit a village which is the home of one of the boys, Tombe.4(教材P29)We walked for two and a half hours to get therefirst up a mountain to a ridge from where we had fantastic views and then down a steep path to the valley below.1定语从句是用

3、来修饰某一名词或代词的从句。定语从句一般置于被修饰的词之后，且有引导词引导。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。2引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。3定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。关系代词1关系代词 who, whom 和whose关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分who人主语、宾语、表语whom人宾语whose人/物定语(2019全国卷)I am Li Hua, a Chinese high school student who studies in London this summer vacation. (作主语)我是李华，一名今年暑假在伦敦学习的中

4、国高中生。Ive become good friends with Li Hua (who/whom/that) I met in the English speech contest last year. 我与去年在英语演讲比赛中结识的李华成了好朋友。 (作宾语，可以省略)(北京卷)I live next door to a couple whose children often make a lot of noise.(作定语)我住在一对夫妻隔壁，他们的孩子们总是弄出很大的响声。(1)who可取代 whom 在从句中作动词的宾语，也可省略。如果 whom 在从句中作介词的宾语且介词提前，则

5、只能用 whom。The astronaut with whom all of us are familiar will visit our school. 我们大家都熟悉的宇航员将来参观我们的学校。(2)whose既表示人又表示物，在从句中作定语，往往修饰名词，whose 常表达“某人的，某物的”之意。whose 表示物时，whose名词the名词of which。The school shop, whose customers are mainly students, is closed for the holidays. The school shop, the customers of

6、 which are mainly students, is closed for the holidays.这家校内商店的主要顾客是学生，放假时商店关门。2关系代词which 和 that关系代词先行词在从句中充当的成分which物主语、宾语that人/物主语、宾语、表语Ive got a novel (which/that) you may like to read.我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。(作宾语，可省略)Views that/which are entirely new may be hard to accept.那些全新的观点或许很难被接受。(作主语，不可省略)The numbe

7、r of the people who/that come to visit the city each year rises by 15%.来这座城市游览的人数每年增加15%。(指人，作主语)3使用关系代词时应注意的问题(1)关系代词只用 that 不用 which 的几种情况：当先行词为 all, everything, nothing, anything, little, much 等不定代词时。You should hand in all that belongs to you.你应该把属于你的所有东西交上来。当先行词被very, both, the only, all, every,

8、 no, any, little, much, some等修饰时。The only thing that we can do is give you some advice.我们唯一能做的就是给你一些建议。当先行词被形容词的最高级修饰时。This is the best way that has been used against pollution.这是被用来对抗污染的最好的方法。当先行词被序数词修饰时。It is the first American movie that Ive ever seen.它是我看过的第一部美国电影。当先行词既包括人又包括物时。They will never f

9、orget the things and persons that theyve seen or heard of during their long journey. 他们将永远不会忘记在他们的长途旅行中见到或听说过的人和事。 (2)“介词关系代词”结构中介词的确定：有时从句中的介词可以提到关系代词之前，形成“介词关系代词”结构，关系代词可用which，whose，whom，不可用that。其确定依据如下：根据后面动词和介词的搭配关系确定。The person to whom I said hello just now is our manager.刚才我打招呼的那个人就是我们的经理。根据前

10、面的名词与介词的搭配关系确定。There is no way in which it could be brought back to the earth.(in与way是习惯搭配)没有能把它带回地球的方法。有时需同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which he could see what was happening inside the house.这个聪明的男孩在墙上凿了一个孔，透过它他可以看到屋里发生的一切。4关系代词as的用法as引导限制性定语从句的主要结构有：the

11、same.as.；as.as.；such.as.；so.as.。主句中出现the same或as, such, so修饰先行词，需选择as作关系代词在定语从句中作主语或宾语。Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.像在我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。the same名词as.指的是同一类的；而the same名词that.指的是同一个。比较：This is the same pen as I bought yesterday.这种笔和我昨天买的笔一样(同样的但不是同一个)。This is the same pe

12、n that I used yesterday.这就是昨天我使用的那支笔(指的是同一个)。关系副词1关系副词的基本用法关系副词先行词在从句中充当的成分when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词(reason)原因状语We dont know the exact time when (at which) the English Evening will be held.我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。(时间状语)Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.北京是我的出生地。(地点状语)(2019全国卷

13、)Here are three main reasons why I am the best choice for you. (原因状语)以下是为什么我是你最好的选择的三个主要原因。2关系副词when, where及why可转换为“介词which”when，where可根据先行词、从句的谓语及句意来决定适当的介词，但是关系副词why只可转换为“forwhich”。I am looking forward to the day when/on which my daughter can read this book and know my feelings for her.我正期盼着那一天的到来

14、，那时我女儿可以读这本书，并且了解我对她的感情。We know the place where/in which our teacher lives.我们知道老师住的地方。(1)the way后接定语从句时的三种模式：the waythat从句the wayin which从句the way从句The way (in which/that) these comrades look at problems is wrong.这些同志看问题的方法不对。(2)表示抽象地点的名词(case, scene, situation, condition, life, point等)作先行词，且从句中缺少地点

15、状语时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句。They are now in a situation where they need to make a practical plan.他们现在处于一种需要制定一个切实可行的计划的处境。 单句语法填空1When Lucy came back from abroad, she told us about the cities and the people that she had visited.2We are living in an age when many things are done on computers.3Please show m

16、e the book whose cover is red. I need to check some information.4He is such a lazy worker as no one wants to work with.5The patient needs to continue with the medical treatment until he reaches the point where he can walk by himself.6Surfing is a popular sport among young people where they can seek

17、excitement and adventure.7To be honest, I dont like the way that he often speaks to me.8That is the reason why the teacher criticized him yesterday.9The song reminded me of the time when I was taken good care of in the countryside by my grandparents.10I shall never forget the day when we discovered

18、this beach while we were sailing around the island. 单句改错1Ms. Chen is the only one of my friends who have ever been to London for further study.havehas2The church which you paid a visit to it last week dates back to the 1890s.去掉it3Mr. Lee is a kind and warmhearted man to that we always turn for advic

19、e.thatwhom4The first place where Gary and his parents visited in Beijing was the Birds Nest.去掉where或wherethat5The famous English novel with that I am very familiar is being translated into French.thatwhich6Rose will never forget the wonderful days when she spent with David in Italy.去掉when或whenthat/w

20、hich7Martin put himself in an awkward situation that he had to make a decision right away.thatwhere8The kids are fond of painting, so they go to the museum which the painting exhibition is being held.whichwhere或在which前加in 语法与写作1我们将拜访我们上周提到的那个老人院。We will pay a visit to the Old Peoples Home which_we_m

21、entioned_last_week2你开车的速度一定不能太快。The speed at_which_you_drive your car mustnt be too high.3他给我讲过一个我永远也忘不了的故事。He told me a story which/that_I_would_never_forget4有没有我可以买到一些笔记本和铅笔的商店？Is there a shop where_I_can_buy some notebooks and pencils?5他是值得被每一个人尊重的人。He is a man who_deserves_to_be_respected by eve

22、ryone.6这是上个月在我们旅行期间为我们提供良好服务的旅行社。This is the travel agency which_offered_us good service during our travel last month. 单句语法填空1This is the most interesting story book that I have ever read.2A man attacked Lisa in the street last night. Unfortunately, there was no one to whom she could turn for help.3

23、The story is about a girl whose brother is a soldier.4Its helpful to put children in a situation where they can see themselves differently.5Tony and his father are repairing the roof that/which was damaged by the strong wind.6Peter talked happily with his classmates about the writer and his books th

24、at interested him.7The reason that/which James gave for his being late was that he missed the early bus this morning.8(2017天津卷)My eldest son, whose work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.9(2017北京卷)The little problems that we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for gr

25、eat inventions.10I have some doubt about the reason why Hans was absent from the meeting this morning.11To tell you the truth, I want to go to that company where the working conditions are good.12We couldnt understand the reasons that/which he explained to us for his mistake. 阅读理解Johns Hopkins Unive

26、rsity just announced that the school will name a new research building after Henrietta Lacks, whose cancer cells changed medical research.“Through her life and her cancer cells, Henrietta Lacks had an immeasurable effect on science and medicine that has touched countless lives around the world，” Joh

27、ns Hopkins President Ronald Daniels said during the universitys 9th Henrietta Lacks Memorial Lecture in 2018.The building will be located just north of the Johns Hopkins Hospital and will support programs that improve participation and partnership with members of the community in research that can b

28、enefit the community.Lacks was a black woman who was born on a farm in Roanoke, Virginia, in 1920. In 1951, at 31 years old, the mother of five visited Baltimores Johns Hopkins Hospital complaining of stomach pain that later turned out to be cervical(子宫颈的) cancer. Her cancer cells were later used wi

29、thout her permission to create the first immortal(永生的) cell line, known as the HeLa cell line.The HeLa cells were used to develop the first polio vaccine(小儿麻痹症疫苗) in 1952, and helped the study of human papillomavirus(HPV), which causes the cervical cancer that eventually killed Lacks.Lacks and her s

30、tory were relatively unknown until 2010 when reporter Rebecca Skloot published The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. In 2017, The New York Times bestselling book was made into a film titled The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks starring Oprah Winfrey and Rose Byrne.Lacks granddaughter, Jeri Lacks, an

31、d other family members attended the universitys announcement. “It is a proud day for the Lacks family. We have been working with Hopkins for many years now on events and projects that honor our grandmother，” Jeri Lacks said. “They are all meaningful, but this is the greatest honor.”【解题导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。Johns Hopkins University计划用Henrietta Lacks的名字来命名他们即将建造的一座大楼，以纪念她对现代医学发展带来的深远影响。1Why will Johns Hopkins