英美概况论文1126.docx

1、英美概况论文1126On the Rise of the United StatesID: 2010211944 Name: 宋萍 Class: 2 Score:摘要： 美国是一个相对于其他国家历史较短的年轻的国家。然而不超过240年历史的美国是如何发展成现在的泱泱大国呢？首先，我们应该从它的历史原因来分析，美国是一个被殖民扩张影响较早的国家，欧洲的殖民者开拓了美国的沿海岸，建立了13个殖民地，并且在此进行往来贸易，客观上加速美国经济的发展，当它独立后它将以飞跃的速度发展。独立战争，使美国得到了解放。美国内战，解除了黑人奴隶制，为美国资本主义的发展创造了条件和解除了障碍。两次世界大战，美国大发

2、战争财，为其崛起提供了大量的资金。二战后，美国的政治地位也得到了显著地提高。其次，美国的崛起还离不开它的一些自然条件，诸如适宜人居住的地形，气候条件，以及适合耕种的土地。美国是一个自然资源丰富的国家，偌大的领土上分布着丰富的矿产资源，为美国进行工业革命提供了前提条件。再者，美国的政治体制，三权分立，克服了专断主义，从而保持清明的政治。科学的资本主义经济制度使美国的经济得以飞速发展。最后，美国的教育方式为其培养了大量的人才，也在推动美国崛起付出了不可估量的力量。Summary: The United States is a young country having a short history

3、 in comparison with other countries. But how America was successful in developing into a great country? Firstly, we should analyse the reasons from its history. America was a country which was colonized by European countries early and influenced by them deeply. The European colonists have expanded t

4、he coast of Atlantic ocean , founded 13 colonies, and carried on business here, which quickened the speed of economical development in America objectively. Especially after the independent war, America could develop its economy freely. Not over 100 years later, the Civil War broke out. It produced T

5、he Emancipation Proclamation, which created advantageous conditions and swept the obstacles away for the development of capitalist economy. As for the rise of America, we also should take the two World War into consideration.During the rough period of war, America took advantage of its no relation t

6、o the war to make profits by selling weapons to the countries that had been involved in the situation, which provided a large sum of capital for its rising. After the Second World War, the United States political position has been raised. Secondly, America has comfortable climate, landforms suitable

7、 for living, and fertile and arable land for agriculture. In addition, America is rich mineral resources which is a basic condition for proceeding Industrial Revolution. Thirdly, the U.S. enjoys a good and correct political system with the powers divided into three parts, which avoids the power bein

8、g concentrated on somebody. Therefore, we can find that America is ruled reasonably. Also, the scientific economical system has contributed to the rise of America.关键字：崛起；历史；政治；经济 Key Words: Rise; History ;Politics ;Economy1. Natural conditions1.1 Geographical position To analyse the raise of America

9、, we can not ignore the natural conditions of this country. The first factor is its geographic position. Most territory of America is contained in the south of North America, mainly within the northern temperate zone. However, because of the large size and varied landforms, the different area presen

10、ts different climate style, which has an great influence on Americas agriculture. Secondly, the United States only has two neighbors in its major continent: Canada to the north and Mexico to the south. Few neighboring countries keep America in a safe international situation. Also Americas position i

11、n globe provided many advantages for its development. Thirdly, the landforms of United States is made up of three basic geographical areas, including the Atlantic Seacoast and the Appalachian Mountains in the east, the great Mississippi River Basin in the middle and the Rockies west to the Pacific O

12、cean. People live in America can use the different landforms to develop all kinds of industries. Finally, the east and west of America are separately surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean which has effects on the climates. 1.2 Landforms The surface region of the western America is mount

13、ainous. Rocky Mountains like a long dragon spreads all the way from Mexico to Arctic, with its top covered by snow all around the year, because of its high altitude. As a result, a number of national parks, 38 in total, have been established here to entertain the tourists with striking and varies sc

14、enery. According to the result of statistics surveyed before, approximately 180 million travellers from all over the world visit there every year. In the Atlantic Seacoast are scattered a number of fine deep-water harbours, which offer convenient marine transportation for foreign trade and contribut

15、e to the development of Americas navigation enterprise. In addition, it is convenient for industries to import raw materials from other countries and export manufactured products to all over the world,greatly promoting the growth of Americas economy. The centre of America is the Great Mississippi Rr

16、iver Basin, which consists of a large area between the Appalachian Mountains on east and the Rocky Mountains on the west. Its large size and rich soil have made this area well-known as Barn of America and the food-basket of the nation, which means it is the chief agricultural production region. When

17、 the Industrial Revolution was proceeding, meanwhile, agriculture also underwent its own revolution. With more and more useful and efficient farm machines having been created, mechanization production has came true here and this way of producing has increased the agricultural product greatly.2. Natu

18、ral resourcesUsually when we talk about the reasons of a countrys raise we need inquire into its natural resources. After learning the outline introduction of United States we know that America is a country full of resources. 2.1 Water resourcesAs we all know, water is one of the important necessiti

19、es for living. The Untied States has six primary rivers in continental North America.These not only supply water for families daily life but also support the produce of industries. More and more hydropower stations have been founded so as to make full use of water resource in recent decades. On one

20、hand, it solves the shortage of power resources in most areas. On the other hand, generating electricity by water produce less pollution that by coal. Further, the water resource is renewable energy, but coal resource not. The Mississippi River, father of Waters, is also the largest river in United

21、States, flowing across the whole continent of America from north to south. The sediment of the river make the soil in this area very rich and suitable for agricultural plantation. 2.2 Land resourcesThen I will talk about the Land resources of the United States. Americans used to speak of their count

22、ry as the land of opportunities where everyone could live a good life provided he worked hard. Americas total area is ranked the forth in the world and has plenty of fertile soil owing to the rivers, whats more, over 47% of Americas land can be used for farmland. The condition of possessing wide are

23、a and much arable land make it much easier to develop its agriculture and breed enough food to mend its peoples demand, at the same time, descent the pressure of importing agricultural products. Especially like milk and meat, which should be kept fresh and dont adapt to be transported long time, Ame

24、rica can realize self-contention. Agriculture, as the primary industry, is the foundation of the growth of Secondary and Service industry. 2.3 Timber resourcesGenerally speaking, many forests are dedicated to the development of Americas economy. In America forests cover large areas, especially the e

25、astern and western part. Once the colonists set foot on the land, they have realized the exist of the precious property. Undoubtedly, in the primitive expansion of exploiters the forests have provided a large quantities of timber resources. Until now, many spectacular houses of the United States fou

26、nded in the suburbs are made of wood. Meanwhile, with so abundant timber resources, Americans could export them to other countries and replant new trees to replace the vacant room, so continuous wealth will pour into the country. 2.4 Mineral resources Similar to China, America is also rich in minera

27、l resources, coal, iron ore, oil, for example, ranking in the world with greatest store. Besides, such as copper,zinc, gold, and silver are in large quantities, too. Since the industrial revolution, Human beings has entered into the great age of steam. There is no doubt that it needs much coal to mo

28、tivate the steam engines and make them perform normally. Plentiful coal mine resources made great contribution to the development of the United States in the first industrial revolution and the country took its advantages to realize the first advance in development by leaps and bounds. About in 1860

29、s, the second one swept across the whole world. The creation of car put the oil industry in motion and drive it to develop promptly. Nowadays, oil is much more needed than before. In one word, abundant mineral resources provide more and more opportunities for America at the times when resources are

30、demanded extremely.3.Historical factor About five hundred years ago, natives of North America continent, who were called Indian, lived a tribal life by hunting, fishing, and doing farming work in the vast and fertile territory. Until 1492, Christopher Columbus, an Italian, was financed by the Spanis

31、h king to sailed west from Spanish in search of a sea route to the Far East. Instead of finding the India, they found the islands of the Caribbean, located in central America, and believed that it was India, so the natives were named Indian since then. The newly-found continent was named after the d

32、iscoverer and was known as American. It was also the first time for the European to step on that large continent. Therefore, even nowadays we also consider American as New World country, which has a short history, compared with other countries. After the discovery of North America, many adventurers

33、from Spanish began to sail to the new fascinating world and want to conquer it, including other areas around America. It was not long before many places were strictly controlled by the Spanish King as royal property. Nearly at the same time, a few English adventurers also started to explore the east coast of Nor