英美概况论文1126.docx

英美概况论文1126.docx

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英美概况论文1126

OntheRiseoftheUnitedStates

ID:

2010211944Name:

宋萍

Class:

2Score:

摘要：

美国是一个相对于其他国家历史较短的年轻的国家。

然而不超过240年历史的美国是如何发展成现在的泱泱大国呢？

首先，我们应该从它的历史原因来分析，美国是一个被殖民扩张影响较早的国家，欧洲的殖民者开拓了美国的沿海岸，建立了13个殖民地，并且在此进行往来贸易，客观上加速美国经济的发展，当它独立后它将以飞跃的速度发展。

独立战争，使美国得到了解放。

美国内战，解除了黑人奴隶制，为美国资本主义的发展创造了条件和解除了障碍。

两次世界大战，美国大发战争财，为其崛起提供了大量的资金。

二战后，美国的政治地位也得到了显著地提高。

其次，美国的崛起还离不开它的一些自然条件，诸如适宜人居住的地形，气候条件，以及适合耕种的土地。

美国是一个自然资源丰富的国家，偌大的领土上分布着丰富的矿产资源，为美国进行工业革命提供了前提条件。

再者，美国的政治体制，三权分立，克服了专断主义，从而保持清明的政治。

科学的资本主义经济制度使美国的经济得以飞速发展。

最后，美国的教育方式为其培养了大量的人才，也在推动美国崛起付出了不可估量的力量。

Summary:

TheUnitedStatesisayoungcountryhavingashorthistoryincomparisonwithothercountries.ButhowAmericawassuccessfulindevelopingintoagreatcountry?

Firstly,weshouldanalysethereasonsfromitshistory.AmericawasacountrywhichwascolonizedbyEuropeancountriesearlyandinfluencedbythemdeeply.TheEuropeancolonistshaveexpandedthecoastofAtlanticocean,founded13colonies,andcarriedonbusinesshere,whichquickenedthespeedofeconomicaldevelopmentinAmericaobjectively.Especiallyaftertheindependentwar,Americacoulddevelopitseconomyfreely.Notover100yearslater,theCivilWarbrokeout.ItproducedTheEmancipationProclamation,whichcreatedadvantageousconditionsandswepttheobstaclesawayforthedevelopmentofcapitalisteconomy.AsfortheriseofAmerica,wealsoshouldtakethetwoWorldWarintoconsideration.Duringtheroughperiodofwar,Americatookadvantageofitsnorelationtothewartomakeprofitsbysellingweaponstothecountriesthathadbeeninvolvedinthesituation,whichprovidedalargesumofcapitalforitsrising.AftertheSecondWorldWar,theUnitedStates'politicalpositionhasbeenraised.Secondly,Americahascomfortableclimate,landformssuitableforliving,andfertileandarablelandforagriculture.Inaddition,AmericaisrichmineralresourceswhichisabasicconditionforproceedingIndustrialRevolution.Thirdly,theU.S.enjoysagoodandcorrectpoliticalsystemwiththepowersdividedintothreeparts,whichavoidsthepowerbeingconcentratedonsomebody.Therefore,wecanfindthatAmericaisruledreasonably.Also,thescientificeconomicalsystemhascontributedtotheriseofAmerica.

关键字：

崛起；历史；政治；经济

KeyWords:

Rise;History;Politics;Economy

1.Naturalconditions

1.1Geographicalposition

ToanalysetheraiseofAmerica,wecannotignorethenaturalconditionsofthiscountry.Thefirstfactorisitsgeographicposition.MostterritoryofAmericaiscontainedinthesouthofNorthAmerica,mainlywithinthenortherntemperatezone.However,becauseofthelargesizeandvariedlandforms,thedifferentareapresentsdifferentclimatestyle,whichhasangreatinfluenceonAmerica'sagriculture.Secondly,theUnitedStatesonlyhastwoneighborsinitsmajorcontinent:

CanadatothenorthandMexicotothesouth.FewneighboringcountrieskeepAmericainasafeinternationalsituation.AlsoAmerica'spositioninglobeprovidedmanyadvantagesforitsdevelopment.Thirdly,thelandformsofUnitedStatesismadeupofthreebasicgeographicalareas,includingtheAtlanticSeacoastandtheAppalachianMountainsintheeast,thegreatMississippiRiverBasininthemiddleandtheRockieswesttothePacificOcean.PeopleliveinAmericacanusethedifferentlandformstodevelopallkindsofindustries.Finally,theeastandwestofAmericaareseparatelysurroundedbytheAtlanticOceanandPacificOceanwhichhaseffectsontheclimates.

1.2Landforms

ThesurfaceregionofthewesternAmericaismountainous.RockyMountainslikealongdragonspreadsallthewayfromMexicotoArctic,withitstopcoveredbysnowallaroundtheyear,becauseofitshighaltitude.Asaresult,anumberofnationalparks,38intotal,havebeenestablishedheretoentertainthetouristswithstrikingandvariesscenery.Accordingtotheresultofstatisticssurveyedbefore,approximately180milliontravellersfromallovertheworldvisitthereeveryyear.IntheAtlanticSeacoastarescatteredanumberoffinedeep-waterharbours,whichofferconvenientmarinetransportationforforeigntradeandcontributetothedevelopmentofAmerica'snavigationenterprise.Inaddition,itisconvenientforindustriestoimportrawmaterialsfromothercountriesandexportmanufacturedproductstoallovertheworld,greatlypromotingthegrowthofAmerica'seconomy.ThecentreofAmericaistheGreatMississippiRriverBasin,whichconsistsofalargeareabetweentheAppalachianMountainsoneastandtheRockyMountainsonthewest.Itslargesizeandrichsoilhavemadethisareawell-knownas"BarnofAmerica"andthefood-basketofthenation,whichmeansitisthechiefagriculturalproductionregion.WhentheIndustrialRevolutionwasproceeding,meanwhile,agriculturealsounderwentitsownrevolution.Withmoreandmoreusefulandefficientfarmmachineshavingbeencreated,mechanizationproductionhascametruehereandthiswayofproducinghasincreasedtheagriculturalproductgreatly.

2.Naturalresources

Usuallywhenwetalkaboutthereasonsofacountry'sraiseweneedinquireintoitsnaturalresources.AfterlearningtheoutlineintroductionofUnitedStatesweknowthatAmericaisacountryfullofresources.

2.1Waterresources

Asweallknow,waterisoneoftheimportantnecessitiesforliving.TheUntiedStateshassixprimaryriversincontinentalNorthAmerica.Thesenotonlysupplywaterforfamilies'dailylifebutalsosupporttheproduceofindustries.Moreandmorehydropowerstationshavebeenfoundedsoastomakefulluseofwaterresourceinrecentdecades.Ononehand,itsolvestheshortageofpowerresourcesinmostareas.Ontheotherhand,generatingelectricitybywaterproducelesspollutionthatbycoal.Further,thewaterresourceisrenewableenergy,butcoalresourcenot.TheMississippiRiver,"fatherofWaters",isalsothelargestriverinUnitedStates,flowingacrossthewholecontinentofAmericafromnorthtosouth.Thesedimentoftherivermakethesoilinthisareaveryrichandsuitableforagriculturalplantation.

2.2Landresources

ThenIwilltalkabouttheLandresourcesoftheUnitedStates.Americansusedtospeakoftheircountryas"thelandofopportunities"whereeveryonecouldliveagoodlifeprovidedheworkedhard.America'stotalareaisrankedtheforthintheworldandhasplentyoffertilesoilowingtotherivers,what'smore,over47%ofAmerica'slandcanbeusedforfarmland.Theconditionofpossessingwideareaandmucharablelandmakeitmucheasiertodevelopitsagricultureandbreedenoughfoodtomenditspeople'sdemand,atthesametime,descentthepressureofimportingagriculturalproducts.Especiallylikemilkandmeat,whichshouldbekeptfreshanddon'tadapttobetransportedlongtime,Americacanrealizeself-contention.Agriculture,astheprimaryindustry,isthefoundationofthegrowthofSecondaryandServiceindustry.

2.3Timberresources

Generallyspeaking,manyforestsarededicatedtothedevelopmentofAmerica'seconomy.InAmericaforestscoverlargeareas,especiallytheeasternandwesternpart.Oncethecolonistssetfootontheland,theyhaverealizedtheexistofthepreciousproperty.Undoubtedly,intheprimitiveexpansionofexploiterstheforestshaveprovidedalargequantitiesoftimberresources.Untilnow,manyspectacularhousesoftheUnitedStatesfoundedinthesuburbsaremadeofwood.Meanwhile,withsoabundanttimberresources,Americanscouldexportthemtoothercountriesandreplantnewtreestoreplacethevacantroom,socontinuouswealthwillpourintothecountry.

2.4Mineralresources

SimilartoChina,Americaisalsorichinmineralresources,coal,ironore,oil,forexample,rankingintheworldwithgreateststore.Besides,suchascopper,zinc,gold,andsilverareinlargequantities,too.Sincetheindustrialrevolution,Humanbeingshasenteredintothegreatageofsteam.Thereisnodoubtthatitneedsmuchcoaltomotivatethesteamenginesandmakethemperformnormally.PlentifulcoalmineresourcesmadegreatcontributiontothedevelopmentoftheUnitedStatesinthefirstindustrialrevolutionandthecountrytookitsadvantagestorealizethefirstadvanceindevelopmentbyleapsandbounds.Aboutin1860s,thesecondonesweptacrossthewholeworld.Thecreationofcarputtheoilindustryinmotionanddriveittodeveloppromptly.Nowadays,oilismuchmoreneededthanbefore.Inoneword,abundantmineralresourcesprovidemoreandmoreopportunitiesforAmericaatthetimeswhenresourcesaredemandedextremely.

3.Historicalfactor

Aboutfivehundredyearsago,nativesofNorthAmericacontinent,whowerecalledIndian,livedatriballifebyhunting,fishing,anddoingfarmingworkinthevastandfertileterritory.Until1492,ChristopherColumbus,anItalian,wasfinancedbytheSpanishkingtosailedwestfromSpanishinsearchofasearoutetotheFarEast.InsteadoffindingtheIndia,theyfoundtheislandsoftheCaribbean,locatedincentralAmerica,andbelievedthatitwasIndia,sothenativeswerenamedIndiansincethen.Thenewly-foundcontinentwasnamedafterthediscovererandwasknownasAmerican.ItwasalsothefirsttimefortheEuropeantosteponthatlargecontinent.Therefore,evennowadayswealsoconsiderAmericanasNewWorldcountry,whichhasashorthistory,comparedwithothercountries.

AfterthediscoveryofNorthAmerica,manyadventurersfromSpanishbegantosailtothenewfascinatingworldandwanttoconquerit,includingotherareasaroundAmerica.ItwasnotlongbeforemanyplaceswerestrictlycontrolledbytheSpanishKingasroyalproperty.Nearlyatthesametime,afewEnglishadventurersalsostartedtoexploretheeastcoastofNor