年前美国的火灾American fireyears ago.docx

1、年前美国的火灾American fire years ago90年前美国的火灾（American fire 90 years ago）OhMarch 25, 1911, New Deal from this day has already begun.Half an hour, 146 lives90 years ago today, on March 25, 1911, there was a extremely brutal factory fire in New York city.At the beginning of the last century, New York was fu

2、ll of garment factories and womens Shirt Companies (The Triangle)Shirtwaist Company) is one of them. These clothing factories are new immigrants and poor people in New YorkThe most common way for women trapped. The triangle blouse company is located in the city of Washington Square near New YorkG bu

3、ilding (Asche Building), that is a 10 story, very classic commercial office buildingThe building quality is pretty good. On Saturday, March 25, 1911, at 4:40 p. m., the tragedy was overHappen here.The triangle womens shirts company has rented the top 3 floors of the building. Nearly 500 employees ar

4、e thereMost of the work is womens clothing workers. On March 25th, the eighth - floor workshop suddenly burst into flames.To this day, no cause of the fire has been detected.Nearly a century ago in the United States, the government had a limited mandate in the economic sphere and had never thought o

5、f itA series of standards for workplace safety. The owner of the clothing factory is saving the rent,Naturally, the sewing machine is arranged as tightly as possible, and in a limited space, it is crammed into as many equipment and workers as possible.In addition, the workshop is strewn with flammab

6、le cloth and cardboard boxes, although the building itself is not flammable, but the roomOnce the fire broke out, the fire spread rapidly and went out of hand. And the overcrowded workshop makesThe worker could not escape easily.The fire started on the 8 floor, and the fire went up. The top 10 offic

7、e staff received a warning call in due course,Evacuated to the roof. The worst burned is the ninth floor, which is the ferocity of the fire. Later, people found out that.,Many women workers were burned to death on sewing machines. The rest of the workers on the elevator and thrown into a panic the n

8、arrow stairs.The 8 floor in a few minutes became a sea of fire, the elevator quickly failed, has never reached the 9 floor. moreTragically, the stairs were locked, which was a common practice of that age - to prevent female workers from stealingPlant products. And all the people were sealed alive in

9、 the fire. Later, people called it deathDeath trap.Death is not confined to the interior. The iron fire outdoors was quickly burned, deformed, melted, and collapsed. someUnable to endure burning young women, jumped from an altitude of 24 meters, the sidewalk is everywhere.Who falls. The two women wo

10、rkers were hanging on the outer wall, and the people in the street watched as they held on for 3 minutes,Their fingers burned until the flames, they also fell, fell on the sidewalk.Fire has an accelerated process, and people in the fire before the ability to withstand is the worst. The fire continue

11、dIt was extinguished in half an hour. 146 young lives were destroyed in this half an hour.If the strike was a union victory.The traditional concept in the United States, business is business people own things, do not do the government interference,The term contract freedom is what this means. Such t

12、raditions are naturally conducive to free economic developmentOn the other hand, after the expansion of economic scale, the crisis of inability to adjust labor and capital conflicts has been exposed.With the modernization of industry, industry itself has been reborn, expanding rapidly, completely no

13、t the original faceThe. However, labour legislation and the corresponding ideas have not kept pace with the consequent intensification of labourConflict of information. The workers themselves organized themselves, demanding the rights of their bosses with strikes and protest, and the bossFight and d

14、eal with the workers to protect their own interests. This is only a partial cat and mouse gameNegative indefinite. But the entire American society has not formulated the corresponding legal rule, to regulate gradually modernizedIndustrial relations. Fire events occur at the end of this phase.The wor

15、kers already had their own trade union organization. Just 16 months before the fire, November 1909 24On the 18th, the 1800 workers of the clothing trade union, including the womens clothing workers of the triangle company, held oneNext strike. Their strike demands include not locking the door in the

16、 workplace. What if the strike was a union?If you win, the consequences of the fire will be greatly alleviated. Unfortunately, the strike failed to be realized by the workersOwn demand.Triggering large-scale changes in American SocietyAfter the incident, the New York Times and other news media carri

17、ed out exhaustive reports on the fireThe cause of the accident is reviewed. The whole society was deeply shocked by the shock of the incidentIn.The weak position of workers, they may reach the tragic extent, has never been so good to peopleKnowledge calls the conscience of society. The focal point i

18、s the state government and civil society in New YorkFirst of all, we come out to share the responsibility.Americans have always believed that even a small social progress depends on common effortsTo protest, not wait for government handouts. Therefore, the American civil society has always been deve

19、loped. A century ago,New York already has the mechanical workers association, the womens clubs Union, the Public Security Commission, and the equal vote coalition,Architectural alliance, New York clothing Federation, the Association for the improvement of the living conditions of the poor and employ

20、ees of the National Federation of human rightsLi et al.Dr Anna Shaw, of the equal vote coalition, said: I lower my head and say to myself, I am responsibleThe. Yes, every man and woman in this city is responsible. Peoples sense of guilt and responsibilityThe sense of responsibility is finally implem

21、ented as a concrete step by step. They called on the state government to set up a fire bureau, and a large number of themIncrease fire prevention and factory inspectors.Prior to the establishment of the fire protection bureau, 25 members of the improvement workplace safety committee were established

22、. committeeThe first member of a year in New York to inspect the work of the 1836 places, listen to the testimony of 222 people.Some hearings are held in front of the legislature. They have put forward a number of new legislation and amendments. thisThe committees first 4 year term is the golden age

23、 of factory legislation. WorkIt was in this period that the law of motion was adopted. The committee closely coordinates with the legislative body, the former investigation andFound the problem, the latter legislation improvement.These legislation is quite specific, for example, the legislation stip

24、ulates that every floor of a factory must have two exits, at leastOne is an indoor or outdoor fire escape. Each floor area of more than 460 square meters, it must be re -Increase an exit; and, as long as the building is more than 30 meters high, it must be built at least one outdoorFire escape. The

25、firewall and fire staircase to the firewall and other construction normative legal provisions; limit workThe number of people per square metre of space, the limit, the possibility of safe evacuation, etc.All the unfavourable factors of the triangle fire disaster have become the basis of legislation.

26、 Labor law stipulates that workersA fire drill must be conducted every 3 months as a place. In 1912, the legislation stipulated that it should exceed 7 storeysThe automatic fire sprinkler system must be installed on the floor of 200 staff members. And in any one, more than twoThe automatic alarm sys

27、tem must be installed at the level of more than 25 employees. In view of the triangle company scatteredThe waste cartons and cloth in a mess are the important reasons for the rapid expansion of the fire, and there are legislative provisions for the workplaceThe waste concentration mode provides for

28、fire prevention codes for waste bins. In the fire, 30 of the dead were killedBurned in the open elevator, New York then made legislation in July 1911, and later all the cities in the stateThe elevator shaft must be closed.These buildings and fire codes are probably common knowledge today, nearly 100

29、 years ago at the beginning of this century,For most parts of the world, new things are unheard of.After the completion of the legislation, if there is no government administration of the factorys routine inspection and enforcement of the law, in front ofAll efforts will be cast to waste. The admini

30、stration in New York has been feeling weak. So, the legislatureIt has further adopted legislation to strengthen the authority and capacity of the executive branch, for example, greatly increasing the Ministry of labourThe preparation of supervisors, the legislative provisions of the responsibilities

31、 and powers of various departments, and so on. Standing in todays review, everybodyIt is acknowledged that almost a century ago this change has been effective and successful.The new deal begins on this day146 lives tragically disappeared. In the face of such a tragedy, a society is to learn, neverPr

32、ison is the touchstone of whether the society is healthy or not. In this case, the press assumed their custodyThe report calls for the duty of social conscience, and trade unions and civil society are the backbone of reform. State legislatureAs a branch of legislation, they have successfully represented the interests of the people. The implementation of these regulations,Obviously, employers production costs will be greatly increased.The incident is far from simp