年前美国的火灾American fireyears ago.docx

年前美国的火灾American fireyears ago.docx

《年前美国的火灾American fireyears ago.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《年前美国的火灾American fireyears ago.docx（6页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

年前美国的火灾Americanfireyearsago

90年前美国的火灾（Americanfire90yearsago）

Oh

March25,1911,"NewDeal"fromthisdayhasalreadybegun......

Halfanhour,146lives

90yearsagotoday,onMarch25,1911,therewasaextremelybrutalfactoryfireinNewYorkcity.

Atthebeginningofthelastcentury,NewYorkwasfullofgarmentfactoriesandwomen'sShirtCompanies（TheTriangle）

ShirtwaistCompany）isoneofthem.TheseclothingfactoriesarenewimmigrantsandpoorpeopleinNewYork

Themostcommonwayforwomentrapped.ThetriangleblousecompanyislocatedinthecityofWashingtonSquarenearNewYork

Gbuilding（AscheBuilding）,thatisa10story,veryclassiccommercialofficebuilding

Thebuildingqualityisprettygood.OnSaturday,March25,1911,at4:

40p.m.,thetragedywasover

Happenhere.

Thetrianglewomen'sshirtscompanyhasrentedthetop3floorsofthebuilding.Nearly500employeesarethere

Mostoftheworkiswomen'sclothingworkers.OnMarch25th,theeighth-floorworkshopsuddenlyburstintoflames.

Tothisday,nocauseofthefirehasbeendetected.

NearlyacenturyagointheUnitedStates,thegovernmenthadalimitedmandateintheeconomicsphereandhadneverthoughtofit

Aseriesofstandardsforworkplacesafety.Theowneroftheclothingfactoryissavingtherent,

Naturally,thesewingmachineisarrangedastightlyaspossible,andinalimitedspace,itiscrammedintoasmanyequipmentandworkersaspossible.

Inaddition,theworkshopisstrewnwithflammableclothandcardboardboxes,althoughthebuildingitselfisnotflammable,buttheroom

Oncethefirebrokeout,thefirespreadrapidlyandwentoutofhand.Andtheovercrowdedworkshopmakes

Theworkercouldnotescapeeasily.

Thefirestartedonthe8floor,andthefirewentup.Thetop10officestaffreceivedawarningcallinduecourse,

Evacuatedtotheroof.Theworstburnedistheninthfloor,whichistheferocityofthefire.Later,peoplefoundoutthat..,

Manywomenworkerswereburnedtodeathonsewingmachines.Therestoftheworkersontheelevatorandthrownintoapanicthenarrowstairs.

The8floorinafewminutesbecameaseaoffire,theelevatorquicklyfailed,hasneverreachedthe9floor.more

Tragically,thestairswerelocked,whichwasacommonpracticeofthatage-topreventfemaleworkersfromstealing

Plantproducts.Andallthepeopleweresealedaliveinthefire.Later,peoplecalledit"death"

Deathtrap".

Deathisnotconfinedtotheinterior.Theironfireoutdoorswasquicklyburned,deformed,melted,andcollapsed.some

Unabletoendureburningyoungwomen,jumpedfromanaltitudeof24meters,thesidewalkiseverywhere.

Whofalls.Thetwowomenworkerswerehangingontheouterwall,andthepeopleinthestreetwatchedastheyheldonfor3minutes,

Theirfingersburneduntiltheflames,theyalsofell,fellonthesidewalk.

Firehasanacceleratedprocess,andpeopleinthefirebeforetheabilitytowithstandistheworst.Thefirecontinued

Itwasextinguishedinhalfanhour.146younglivesweredestroyedinthishalfanhour.

Ifthestrikewasaunionvictory......

ThetraditionalconceptintheUnitedStates,businessisbusinesspeopleownthings,donotdothegovernmentinterference,

Theterm"contractfreedom"iswhatthismeans.Suchtraditionsarenaturallyconducivetofreeeconomicdevelopment

Ontheotherhand,aftertheexpansionofeconomicscale,thecrisisofinabilitytoadjustlaborandcapitalconflictshasbeenexposed.

Withthemodernizationofindustry,industryitselfhasbeenreborn,expandingrapidly,completelynottheoriginalface

The.However,labourlegislationandthecorrespondingideashavenotkeptpacewiththeconsequentintensificationoflabour

Conflictofinformation.Theworkersthemselvesorganizedthemselves,demandingtherightsoftheirbosseswithstrikesandprotest,andtheboss

Fightanddealwiththeworkerstoprotecttheirowninterests.Thisisonlyapartialcatandmousegame

Negativeindefinite.ButtheentireAmericansocietyhasnotformulatedthecorrespondinglegalrule,toregulategraduallymodernized

Industrialrelations.Fireeventsoccurattheendofthisphase.

Theworkersalreadyhadtheirowntradeunionorganization.Just16monthsbeforethefire,November190924

Onthe18th,the1800workersoftheclothingtradeunion,includingthewomen'sclothingworkersofthetrianglecompany,heldone

Nextstrike.Theirstrikedemandsincludenotlockingthedoorintheworkplace.Whatifthestrikewasaunion?

Ifyouwin,theconsequencesofthefirewillbegreatlyalleviated.Unfortunately,thestrikefailedtoberealizedbytheworkers

Owndemand.

Triggeringlarge-scalechangesinAmericanSociety

Aftertheincident,theNewYorkTimesandothernewsmediacarriedoutexhaustivereportsonthefire

Thecauseoftheaccidentisreviewed.Thewholesocietywasdeeplyshockedbytheshockoftheincident

In.

Theweakpositionofworkers,theymayreachthetragicextent,hasneverbeensogoodtopeople

Knowledgecallstheconscienceofsociety.ThefocalpointisthestategovernmentandcivilsocietyinNewYork

Firstofall,wecomeouttosharetheresponsibility.

Americanshavealwaysbelievedthatevenasmallsocialprogressdependsoncommonefforts

Toprotest,notwaitforgovernmenthandouts.Therefore,theAmericancivilsocietyhasalwaysbeendeveloped.Acenturyago,

NewYorkalreadyhasthemechanicalworkersassociation,thewomen'sclubsUnion,thePublicSecurityCommission,andtheequalvotecoalition,

Architecturalalliance,NewYorkclothingFederation,theAssociationfortheimprovementofthelivingconditionsofthepoorandemployeesoftheNationalFederationofhumanrights

Lietal.

DrAnnaShaw,oftheequalvotecoalition,said:

"Ilowermyheadandsaytomyself,"Iamresponsible

The.Yes,everymanandwomaninthiscityisresponsible."People'ssenseofguiltandresponsibility

Thesenseofresponsibilityisfinallyimplementedasaconcretestepbystep.Theycalledonthestategovernmenttosetupafirebureau,andalargenumberofthem

Increasefirepreventionandfactoryinspectors.

Priortotheestablishmentofthefireprotectionbureau,25membersofthe"improvementworkplacesafetycommittee"wereestablished".committee

ThefirstmemberofayearinNewYorktoinspecttheworkofthe1836places,listentothetestimonyof222people.

Somehearingsareheldinfrontofthelegislature.Theyhaveputforwardanumberofnewlegislationandamendments.this

Thecommittee'sfirst4yeartermisthegoldenageoffactorylegislation"."Work

Itwasinthisperiodthatthelawofmotionwasadopted.Thecommitteecloselycoordinateswiththelegislativebody,theformerinvestigationand

Foundtheproblem,thelatterlegislationimprovement.

Theselegislationisquitespecific,forexample,thelegislationstipulatesthateveryfloorofafactorymusthavetwoexits,atleast

Oneisanindoororoutdoorfireescape.Eachfloorareaofmorethan460squaremeters,itmustbere-

Increaseanexit;and,aslongasthebuildingismorethan30metershigh,itmustbebuiltatleastoneoutdoor

Fireescape.Thefirewallandfirestaircasetothefirewallandotherconstructionnormativelegalprovisions;limitwork

Thenumberofpeoplepersquaremetreofspace,thelimit,thepossibilityofsafeevacuation,etc..

Alltheunfavourablefactorsofthetrianglefiredisasterhavebecomethebasisoflegislation."Laborlaw"stipulatesthatworkers

Afiredrillmustbeconductedevery3monthsasaplace.In1912,thelegislationstipulatedthatitshouldexceed7storeys

Theautomaticfiresprinklersystemmustbeinstalledonthefloorof200staffmembers.Andinanyone,morethantwo

Theautomaticalarmsystemmustbeinstalledatthelevelofmorethan25employees.Inviewofthetrianglecompanyscattered

Thewastecartonsandclothinamessaretheimportantreasonsfortherapidexpansionofthefire,andtherearelegislativeprovisionsfortheworkplace

Thewasteconcentrationmodeprovidesforfirepreventioncodesforwastebins.Inthefire,30ofthedeadwerekilled

Burnedintheopenelevator,NewYorkthenmadelegislationinJuly1911,andlaterallthecitiesinthestate

Theelevatorshaftmustbeclosed.

Thesebuildingsandfirecodesareprobablycommonknowledgetoday,nearly100yearsagoatthebeginningofthiscentury,

Formostpartsoftheworld,newthingsareunheardof.

Afterthecompletionofthelegislation,ifthereisnogovernmentadministrationofthefactory'sroutineinspectionandenforcementofthelaw,infrontof

Alleffortswillbecasttowaste.TheadministrationinNewYorkhasbeenfeelingweak.So,thelegislature

Ithasfurtheradoptedlegislationtostrengthentheauthorityandcapacityoftheexecutivebranch,forexample,greatlyincreasingtheMinistryoflabour

Thepreparationofsupervisors,thelegislativeprovisionsoftheresponsibilitiesandpowersofvariousdepartments,andsoon.Standingintoday'sreview,everybody

Itisacknowledgedthatalmostacenturyagothischangehasbeeneffectiveandsuccessful.

Thenewdealbeginsonthisday

146livestragicallydisappeared.Inthefaceofsuchatragedy,asocietyistolearn,never

Prisonisthetouchstoneofwhetherthesocietyishealthyornot.Inthiscase,thepressassumedtheircustody

Thereportcallsforthedutyofsocialconscience,andtradeunionsandcivilsocietyarethebackboneofreform.Statelegislature

Asabranchoflegislation,theyhavesuccessfullyrepresentedtheinterestsofthepeople.Theimplementationoftheseregulations,

Obviously,employers'productioncostswillbegreatlyincreased.

Theincidentisfarfromsimp