届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九18页word版.docx

1、届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九18页word版2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九一Measles(麻疹),which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more, was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗).But the disease is making a comeback, caused by a gro

2、wing anti-vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year,115 measles cases have been reported in the USA, compared with 189 for all of last year.The numbers might sound small, but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high,

3、as they still are in the nation as a whole, everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”, which protects the people who get hurt easily, including those who cant be vaccinated for medical reasons, babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesnt work.But herd immunit

4、y works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride, immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.Thats exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County, California, where 22 measles cases were report

5、ed this month, to Brooklyn, N.Y., where a 17-year-old caused an outbreak last year.The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades, and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.Making things worse are state laws that make it too

6、easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption(豁免),sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.Now, several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new

7、 regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions? Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life-saving benefits vaccines provide, but theyll exist only as long as everyone shar

8、es in the risks.【语篇导读】 麻疹是一种原本在美国彻底消失的疾病,但最近正在卷土重来,主要原因是一些人拒绝注射麻疹疫苗。事实上,只有所有人都参与进来,群体免疫才会有效果。1.The first two paragraphs suggest that .A. a small number of measles cases can start a dangerous trendB. the outbreak of measles attracts the public attentionC. anti-vaccine movement has its medical reasons

9、D. information about measles spreads quickly答案A解析推理判断题。根据第二段第一句“The numbers might sound small,but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend.”可推断出,麻疹患者的数量虽然不算多,但是很有可能会引发危险。2.Herd immunity works well when .A. exemptions are allowedB. several vaccines are used togetherC. the whole neighborhood is

10、involved inD. new regulations are added to the state laws答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in.”可知,只有所有人群都参与进来,群体免疫才能最大限度地发挥效用。3. What is the main reason for the comeback of measles?A. The overuse of vaccine.B. The lack of medical care.C. The features o

11、f measles itself.D. The vaccine opt-outs of some people.答案D解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段第一句可知,麻疹卷土重来的主要原因是一些人拒绝注射麻疹疫苗。4. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To introduce the idea of exemption.B. To discuss methods to cure measles.C. To stress the importance of vaccination.D. To appeal for equal rights in medica

12、l treatment.答案C解析推理判断题。通读全文内容可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是强调接种疫苗的重要性。二FLORENCE, Italy Svetlana Cojochru feels hurt. The Moldovan has lived here seven years as a caregiver to Italian kids and the elderly, but in order to stay shes had to prove her language skills by taking a test which requires her to write a postc

13、ard to an imaginary friend and answer a fictional job ad.Italy is the latest Western European country trying to control a growing immigrant(移民) population by demanding language skills in exchange for work permits, or in some cases, citizenship.Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial ti

14、mes make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs, such measures will become more a vehicle for intolerance than integration(融合).Others say its only natural that newcomers learn the language of their host nation, seeing it as a condition to ensure they can contribute to society.Other European coun

15、tries laid down a similar requirement for immigrants, and some terms are even tougher. The governments argue that this will help foreigners better join the society and promote understanding across cultures.Italy, which has a much weaker tradition of immigration, has witnessed a sharp increase in imm

16、igration in recent years. In 1990,immigrants numbered some 1.14 million out of Italys then 56.7 million people, or about 2 percent. At the start of this year, foreigners living in Italy amounted to 4.56 million of a total population of 60.6 million, or 7.5 percent, with immigrants children accountin

17、g for an ever larger percentage of births in Italy.Cojochru, the Moldovan caregiver, hoped obtaining permanent residence(居住权) would help her bring her two children to Italy; they live with her sister in Moldova, where salaries are among the lowest in Europe. She was skeptical that the language requi

18、rement would encourage integration.Italians always “see me as a foreigner,” an outsider, even though shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently, she said.【语篇导读】本文报道了意大利最近采取的一项限制移民的措施,即要求移民通过一项语言考试来获得工作条件甚至居民身份。1. Why does Cojochru have to take a language test?A. T

19、o continue to stay in Italy.B. To teach her children Italian.C. To find a better job in Italy.D. To better mix with the Italians.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段中的“.in order to stay shes had to prove her language skills by taking a test.” 可知她参加考试的原因是要继续留在意大利,故A项正确。2.Some people worry that the new language requireme

20、nt may .A. reduce Italys population quicklyB. cause conflicts among peopleC. lead to financial difficultiesD. put pressure on schools答案B解析推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Some immigrant advocates worry that as hard financial times make it more difficult for natives to keep jobs,such measures will become more a vehicle

21、 for intolerance than integration.”可知,糟糕的经济状况已经让本土人很难保住工作,而这样一项措施使得移民压力变大,可能会导致排外而不是融合,故B项正确。3. What do we know about Cojochru?A. She lives with her sister now in Italy.B. She enjoys learning the Italian language.C. She speaks Italian well enough for her job.D. She wishes to go back to her home coun

22、try.答案C解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“.shes stayed in the country for years and can speak the local language fluently.”可知,她能熟练地讲意大利语,故C项正确。B项在文中未提到;A、D两项和文章倒数第二段内容矛盾。三Reading can be a social activity. Think of the people who belong to book groups. They choose books to read and then meet to discuss them. Now, the

23、website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.Members go on the site and register the books they own and would like to share. BookCrossing provides an identification number to stick inside the book. Then the person leaves it in a public place, hoping that the book will have an

24、 adventure, traveling far and wide with each new reader who finds it.Bruce Pederson, the managing director of BookCrossing, says, “The two things that change your life are the people you meet and books you read. BookCrossing combines both.”Members leave books on park benches and buses, in train stat

25、ions and coffee shops. Whoever finds their book will go to the site and record where they found it.People who find a book can also leave a journal entry describing what they thought of it. E-mails are then sent to the BookCrossers to keep them updated about where their books have been found. Bruce P

26、ederson says the idea is for people not to be selfish by keeping a book to gather dust on a shelf at home.BookCrossing is part of a trend among people who want to get back to the “real” and not the virtual(虚拟).The site now has more than one million members in more than one hundred thirty-five countr

27、ies.【语篇导读】本文主要介绍一个面向全球的图书分享网站BookC。人们通过该网站可以把书放在指定地点,由其他参与者自由获取,同时也能相互交流阅读体验。1. Why does the author mention book groups in the first paragraph?A. To explain what they are.B. To introduce BookCrossing.C. To stress the importance of reading.D. To encourage readers to share their ideas.答案B解析推理判断题。根据文章第

28、一段最后一句“Now, the website BookC turns the page on the traditional idea of a book group.”可知,现如今这个称之为BookC的网站推翻了人们传统观念中的“读书会”的概念。由此引出下文对这一网站的介绍。故此处提及book groups是为了引出话题。因此B项正确。2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refer to?A. The book.B. An adventure.C. A public place.D. The identification

29、 number.答案A解析代词指代题。根据文章第二段最后一句可以得知,此人将书放于一公众场所,盼着它能有一番奇遇,随着发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。因此此处it指代上文提到的the book。3. What will a BookCrosser do with a book after reading it?A. Meet other readers to discuss it.B. Keep it safe in his bookcase.C. Pass it on to another reader.D. Mail it back to its owner.答案C解析推理判断题。根据文章第

30、二段及第四、五段可知,这些书会放在一些公共场所,发现者要将信息上传至网站,以便人们及时掌握这些书籍的动向。因此可以得知,当人们阅读完后,会将其传给其他人,故选C项。4. What is the best title for the text?A. Online Reading:A Virtual TourB. Electronic Books:A New TrendC.A Book Group Brings Tradition BackD.A Website Links People through Books答案D解析主旨大意题。根据文章内容可以得知,本文主要介绍了一个图书分享网站BookC

31、,故只有D项最合适。A项表示“网上阅读”,virtual为错误信息;B项表示“电子书”,electronic为错误信息;C项表示“带回传统”,a book group为错误信息。四Careers in zoology are extremely varied and unique, and can provide incredible learning and work opportunities for anyone devoted to animal studies and welfare. Zoology, or the study of animals, is a wide field

32、 with many specialties, including research, conservation, veterinary (兽医的) medicine, and the care of animals. For people with a love of animals and some training, dreams of careers in zoology may come true.Some careers in zoology focus on research and scientific studies. These careers may allow those with a good theoretical science background to develop and run s