届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九18页word版.docx

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九18页word版.docx

《届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九18页word版.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九18页word版.docx（17页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九18页word版

2019届二轮复习阅读理解专题说明文类型模拟试题10篇训练之三十九

[一]

Measles（麻疹）,whichoncekilled450childreneachyearanddisabledevenmore,wasnearlywipedoutintheUnitedStates14yearsagobytheuniversaluseoftheMMRvaccine（疫苗）.Butthediseaseismakingacomeback,causedbyagrowinganti-vaccinemovementandmisinformationthatisspreadingquickly.Alreadythisyear,115measlescaseshavebeenreportedintheUSA,comparedwith189foralloflastyear.

Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.Whenvaccinationratesareveryhigh,astheystillareinthenationasawhole,everyoneisprotected.Thisiscalled“herdimmunity”,whichprotectsthepeoplewhogethurteasily,includingthosewhocan’tbevaccinatedformedicalreasons,babiestooyoungtogetvaccinatedandpeopleonwhomthevaccinedoesn’twork.

Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.Whensomerefusevaccinationandseekafreeride,immunitybreaksdownandeveryoneisinevenbiggerdanger.

That’sexactlywhatishappeninginsmallneighborhoodsaroundthecountryfromOrangeCounty,California,where22measlescaseswerereportedthismonth,toBrooklyn,N.Y.,wherea17-year-oldcausedanoutbreaklastyear.

Theresistancetovaccinehascontinuedfordecades,anditisdrivenbyarealbutverysmallrisk.Thosewhorefusetotakethatriskselfishlymakeotherssuffer.

Makingthingsworsearestatelawsthatmakeittooeasytooptout（决定不参加）ofwhataresupposedtoberequiredvaccinesforallchildrenenteringkindergarten.Seventeenstatesallowparentstogetanexemption（豁免）,sometimesjustbysigningapapersayingtheypersonallyobjecttoavaccine.

Now,severalstatesaremovingtotightenlawsbyaddingnewregulationsforoptingout.Butnoonedoesenoughtolimitexemptions.

Parentsoughttobeabletooptoutonlyforlimitedmedicalorreligiousreasons.Butpersonalopinions?

Notgoodenough.Everyoneenjoysthelife-savingbenefitsvaccinesprovide,butthey’llexistonlyaslongaseveryonesharesintherisks.

【语篇导读】麻疹是一种原本在美国彻底消失的疾病,但最近正在卷土重来,主要原因是一些人拒绝注射麻疹疫苗。

事实上,只有所有人都参与进来,群体免疫才会有效果。

1.Thefirsttwoparagraphssuggestthat　　　. 

A.asmallnumberofmeaslescasescanstartadangeroustrend

B.theoutbreakofmeaslesattractsthepublicattention

C.anti-vaccinemovementhasitsmedicalreasons

D.informationaboutmeaslesspreadsquickly

答案　A

解析　推理判断题。

根据第二段第一句“Thenumbersmightsoundsmall,buttheyaretheleadingedgeofadangeroustrend.”可推断出,麻疹患者的数量虽然不算多,但是很有可能会引发危险。

2.Herdimmunityworkswellwhen　　　. 

A.exemptionsareallowed

B.severalvaccinesareusedtogether

C.thewholeneighborhoodisinvolvedin

D.newregulationsareaddedtothestatelaws

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第三段第一句“Butherdimmunityworksonlywhennearlythewholeherdjoinsin.”可知,只有所有人群都参与进来,群体免疫才能最大限度地发挥效用。

3.Whatisthemainreasonforthecomebackofmeasles?

A.Theoveruseofvaccine.

B.Thelackofmedicalcare.

C.Thefeaturesofmeaslesitself.

D.Thevaccineopt-outsofsomepeople.

答案　D

解析　细节理解题。

根据倒数第三段第一句可知,麻疹卷土重来的主要原因是一些人拒绝注射麻疹疫苗。

4.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?

A.Tointroducetheideaofexemption.

B.Todiscussmethodstocuremeasles.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofvaccination.

D.Toappealforequalrightsinmedicaltreatment.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

通读全文内容可知,作者写这篇文章的目的是强调接种疫苗的重要性。

[二]

FLORENCE,Italy—SvetlanaCojochrufeelshurt.TheMoldovanhaslivedheresevenyearsasacaregivertoItaliankidsandtheelderly,butinordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatestwhichrequireshertowriteapostcardtoanimaginaryfriendandanswerafictionaljobad.

ItalyisthelatestWesternEuropeancountrytryingtocontrolagrowingimmigrant（移民）populationbydemandinglanguageskillsinexchangeforworkpermits,orinsomecases,citizenship.

Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration（融合）.Otherssayit’sonlynaturalthatnewcomerslearnthelanguageoftheirhostnation,seeingitasaconditiontoensuretheycancontributetosociety.

OtherEuropeancountrieslaiddownasimilarrequirementforimmigrants,andsometermsareeventougher.Thegovernmentsarguethatthiswillhelpforeignersbetterjointhesocietyandpromoteunderstandingacrosscultures.

Italy,whichhasamuchweakertraditionofimmigration,haswitnessedasharpincreaseinimmigrationinrecentyears.In1990,immigrantsnumberedsome1.14millionoutofItaly’sthen56.7millionpeople,orabout2percent.Atthestartofthisyear,foreignerslivinginItalyamountedto4.56millionofatotalpopulationof60.6million,or7.5percent,withimmigrants’childrenaccountingforaneverlargerpercentageofbirthsinItaly.

Cojochru,theMoldovancaregiver,hopedobtainingpermanentresidence（居住权）wouldhelpherbringhertwochildrentoItaly;theylivewithhersisterinMoldova,wheresalariesareamongthelowestinEurope.Shewasskepticalthatthelanguagerequirementwouldencourageintegration.

Italiansalways“seemeasaforeigner,”anoutsider,eventhoughshe’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently,shesaid.

【语篇导读】本文报道了意大利最近采取的一项限制移民的措施,即要求移民通过一项语言考试来获得工作条件甚至居民身份。

1.WhydoesCojochruhavetotakealanguagetest?

A.TocontinuetostayinItaly.

B.ToteachherchildrenItalian.

C.TofindabetterjobinItaly.

D.TobettermixwiththeItalians.

答案　A

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段中的“...inordertostayshe’shadtoproveherlanguageskillsbytakingatest...”可知她参加考试的原因是要继续留在意大利,故A项正确。

2.Somepeopleworrythatthenewlanguagerequirementmay　　　. 

A.reduceItaly’spopulationquickly

B.causeconflictsamongpeople

C.leadtofinancialdifficulties

D.putpressureonschools

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据第三段中的“Someimmigrantadvocatesworrythatashardfinancialtimesmakeitmoredifficultfornativestokeepjobs,suchmeasureswillbecomemoreavehicleforintolerancethanintegration.”可知,糟糕的经济状况已经让本土人很难保住工作,而这样一项措施使得移民压力变大,可能会导致排外而不是融合,故B项正确。

3.WhatdoweknowaboutCojochru?

A.SheliveswithhersisternowinItaly.

B.SheenjoyslearningtheItalianlanguage.

C.ShespeaksItalianwellenoughforherjob.

D.Shewishestogobacktoherhomecountry.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“...she’sstayedinthecountryforyearsandcanspeakthelocallanguagefluently...”可知,她能熟练地讲意大利语,故C项正确。

B项在文中未提到;A、D两项和文章倒数第二段内容矛盾。

[三]

Readingcanbeasocialactivity.Thinkofthepeoplewhobelongtobookgroups.Theychoosebookstoreadandthenmeettodiscussthem.Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.

Membersgoonthesiteandregisterthebookstheyownandwouldliketoshare.BookCrossingprovidesanidentificationnumbertostickinsidethebook.Thenthepersonleavesitinapublicplace,hopingthatthebookwillhaveanadventure,travelingfarandwidewitheachnewreaderwhofindsit.

BrucePederson,themanagingdirectorofBookCrossing,says,“Thetwothingsthatchangeyourlifearethepeopleyoumeetandbooksyouread.BookCrossingcombinesboth.”

Membersleavebooksonparkbenchesandbuses,intrainstationsandcoffeeshops.Whoeverfindstheirbookwillgotothesiteandrecordwheretheyfoundit.

Peoplewhofindabookcanalsoleaveajournalentrydescribingwhattheythoughtofit.E-mailsarethensenttotheBookCrosserstokeepthemupdatedaboutwheretheirbookshavebeenfound.BrucePedersonsaystheideaisforpeoplenottobeselfishbykeepingabooktogatherdustonashelfathome.

BookCrossingispartofatrendamongpeoplewhowanttogetbacktothe“real”andnotthevirtual（虚拟）.Thesitenowhasmorethanonemillionmembersinmorethanonehundredthirty-fivecountries.

【语篇导读】本文主要介绍一个面向全球的图书分享网站BookC。

人们通过该网站可以把书放在指定地点,由其他参与者自由获取,同时也能相互交流阅读体验。

1.Whydoestheauthormentionbookgroupsinthefirstparagraph?

A.Toexplainwhattheyare.

B.TointroduceBookCrossing.

C.Tostresstheimportanceofreading.

D.Toencouragereaderstosharetheirideas.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章第一段最后一句“Now,thewebsiteBookCturnsthepageonthetraditionalideaofabookgroup.”可知,现如今这个称之为BookC的网站推翻了人们传统观念中的“读书会”的概念。

由此引出下文对这一网站的介绍。

故此处提及bookgroups是为了引出话题。

因此B项正确。

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?

A.Thebook.

B.Anadventure.

C.Apublicplace.

D.Theidentificationnumber.

答案　A

解析　代词指代题。

根据文章第二段最后一句可以得知,此人将书放于一公众场所,盼着它能有一番奇遇,随着发现它的每一位新读者到处旅行。

因此此处it指代上文提到的thebook。

3.WhatwillaBookCrosserdowithabookafterreadingit?

A.Meetotherreaderstodiscussit.

B.Keepitsafeinhisbookcase.

C.Passitontoanotherreader.

D.Mailitbacktoitsowner.

答案　C

解析　推理判断题。

根据文章第二段及第四、五段可知,这些书会放在一些公共场所,发现者要将信息上传至网站,以便人们及时掌握这些书籍的动向。

因此可以得知,当人们阅读完后,会将其传给其他人,故选C项。

4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OnlineReading:

AVirtualTour

B.ElectronicBooks:

ANewTrend

C.ABookGroupBringsTraditionBack

D.AWebsiteLinksPeoplethroughBooks

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。

根据文章内容可以得知,本文主要介绍了一个图书分享网站BookC,故只有D项最合适。

A项表示“网上阅读”,virtual为错误信息;B项表示“电子书”,electronic为错误信息;C项表示“带回传统”,abookgroup为错误信息。

[四]

Careersinzoologyareextremelyvariedandunique,andcanprovideincrediblelearningandworkopportunitiesforanyonedevotedtoanimalstudiesandwelfare.Zoology,orthestudyofanimals,isawidefieldwithmanyspecialties,includingresearch,conservation,veterinary（兽医的）medicine,andthecareofanimals.Forpeoplewithaloveofanimalsandsometraining,dreamsofcareersinzoologymaycometrue.

Somecareersinzoologyfocusonresearchandscientificstudies.Thesecareersmayallowthosewithagoodtheoreticalsciencebackgroundtodevelopandruns