职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案05146.docx

1、职称英语考试卫生类历年真题精选及答案05146职称英语考试卫生类历年真题精选及答案0514-6 1、He demolished my arguments in minutes.【单选题】A.disprovedB.disputedC.acceptedD.supported正确答案:A答案解析:题干大意：他在几分钟内就驳倒了我的观点。demolish意为“推翻，驳倒”；disprove意为“反驳”，例如：It?is?nearly?impossible?to?disprove?a?rumor.（要辟谣几乎是不可能的。）dispute意为“辩论，怀疑”，例如：We?disputed?with?each

2、?other?on various?issues.（我们为各种问题互相争论。）support意为“支持，扶持”，例如：I?will?always?support?you?whatever?you?do.（不论你做什么，我都会支持你。）2、CancerCancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the bodys basic building blocks. The body is made up of many types of cells. Normally cells grow and divide to

3、produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass of tissue called a growth or tumor. Benign (良性的) tumors are not cancer.

4、They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Ce

5、rtain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that lead to cancer are the result of tobacco use, diet, exposure to ultraviolet radiation from the sun, or exposure to carcinogens (致癌物) in the workplace or in the en

6、vironment. Some gene alterations are inherited.Cancer treatment can include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy （化疗), hormone therapy, and biological therapy. The doctor may use one method or a combination of methods, depending on the type and location of the cancer, whether the disease has spr

7、ead, the patients age and general health, and other factors. Because treatment for cancer can also damage healthy cells and tissues, it often causes side effects. Patients and doctors generally discuss the treatment options, weighing the likely benefits of killing cancer cells and the risks of possi

8、ble side effects.Having cancer does not always mean having pain. Whether a patient has pain may depend on the type of cancer, the extent of the disease, and the patients tolerance for pain. Most pain occurs when the cancer grows and presses against bones, organs, or nerves. Pain may also be a side e

9、ffect of treatment. However, pain can generally be relieved or reduced with prescription medicines or over-the-counter drugs recommended by the doctor.Paragraph 1_.【单选题】A.Does cancer always cause painB.Can cancer be preventedC.What is cancerD.How common is cancerE.What causes cancerF.How is cancer t

10、reated正确答案:C答案解析:第一段没有主题句，该段主要介绍了癌症是由控制细胞生长增殖机制失常而引起的疾病，本段对癌症进行了简单的界定。显然，该段回答了C选项“What is cancer?”所提问题，故C为正确答案。3、Almost everyone at the meeting has different views.【单选题】A.SceneryB.sightC.understandingD.opinion正确答案:D答案解析:view在此句中和opinion意思相同，表示“意见、看法、主张”；scenery:风景、景色；sight:视力、视线范围、眼界；understanding:理

11、解、谅解。4、Blasts from the Past 1 Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. Not because they were bigger, but because the carbon they released wiped out life with greater ease. 2 Paul Wignall from the University of Leeds was investigating the link between volcanic eruptions and mass extinction

12、s. Not all volcanic eruptions killed off large numbers of animals, but all the mass extinctions over the past 300. million years coincided with huge formations of volcanic rock. To his surprise, the older the massive volcanic eruptions were, the more damage they seemed to do. 3 Wignall calculated th

13、e killing efficiency for these volcanoes by comparing the proportion of life they killed off with the volume of lava that they produced. He found that size for size, older eruptions were at least 10 times as effective at wiping out life as their more recent rivals. 4 The Permian extinction, for exam

14、ple, which happened 250 million years ago, is marked by floods of volcanic rock in. Siberia that cover an area roughly the size of western Europe, Those volcanoes are thought to have pumped out about 10 gigatonnes of carbon as carbon dioxide, The global warming that followed wiped out 8 per cent of

15、all marine genera at the time, and it took 5 million years far tire planet to recover. 5 Yet 60 million years ago in the late Palaeocene there was another huge amount of volcanic activity and global-warming but no mass extinction. Some animals did disappear but things returned to normal within ten t

16、housands of years, The most recent ones hardly have an effect at all, Wignall says. He ignored the extinction which wiped out the dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous, 65 million years ago, because many scientists believe it was primarily caused by the impact of an asteroid. 6 Wignall thinks that

17、older volcanoes had more killing power because more recent life forms were better adapted to dealing with increased levels of C02 Ocean chemistry may also have played a role. As the supercontinents broke up and exposed more coastline there may have been more weathering of silica rocks. This would ha

18、ve encouraged the growth of phytoplankton in the oceans, increasing the amount of C02 absorbed from the atmosphere. 7 Vincent Courtillot, director of the Paris Geophysical Institute in France, says that Wignalls idea is provocative. But he says it is incredibly hard to do these sorts of calculations

19、. He points out that the killing power of volcanic eruptions depends on how long they fasted. And it is impossible to tell whether the huge blasts lasted for thousands or millions of years. 8 Courtillot also adds that it is difficult to estimate how much lava prehistoric volcanoes produced, and that

20、 lava volume may not necessarily correspond to carbon dioxide or sulphur dioxide emissions. Paragraph 4_ 【单选题】A.Killing Power of Ancient Volcanic EruptionsB.Association of Mass Extinction with Volcanic EruptionC.Calculation of the Killing Power of Older EruptionsD.A Mass ExtinctionE.Volcanic Eruptio

21、ns That Caused No Mass ExtinctionF.ccounting for the Killing Power of Older Eruptions正确答案:D答案解析:A mass extinction意为“一次大量的生物灭绝”。文章的第一句话是这么说的：Volcanoes were more destructive in ancient history. 火山在远古更具毁灭性。这是文章的基本论点或基本假设。假设是需要证明的。第二、三段其实都是在证明这一基本假设。第三段还有这样一句话： older eruptions were at least 10 times as

22、effective at wiping out life as their more recant rivals. 这个命题虽然可用来支持文章的基本假设，但是它本身也需要证明。第四段讲的是二叠纪生物灭绝，这是发生在远古的大规模的生物灭绝。这是一个证据，因此D是正确的。5、Smoking Can Increase Depressive Symptoms in TeensWhile some teenagers may puff on cigarettes to self-medicate against the blues, scientists at the University of Tor

23、onto and the University of Montreal have found that smoking may actually increasedepressive symptoms in some teens.This observational study is one of the few to examine the perceived emotional benefits of smoking among teens, says lead researcher Michael Chaiton, a research associate at the Ontario

24、Tobacco Research Unit of the University of Toronto. Although cigarettes may appear to have self-medicating effects or to improve mood, in the long term we found that teens who started to smoke reported higher depressive symptoms. As part of the study, some 662 high school teenagers completed up to 2

25、0 questionnaires about their use of cigarettes to affect mood. Secondary schools were selected to provide a mix of French and English participants, urban and rural schools, and schools located in high, moderate and low socioeconomic neighborhoods. Participants were divided into three groups: never s

26、mokers; smokers who did not use cigarettes to self-medicate, improve mood or physical state; smokers who used cigarettes to self-medicate. Depressive symptoms were measured using a scale that asked how felt too fired to do things: had trouble going to sleep or staying asleep; felt unhappy, sad, or d

27、epressed; felt hopeless about the future; felt vexed, antsy or tense; and worried too much about things.Smokers who used cigarettes as mood improvers had higher risks of elevated depressive symptoms than teens who had never smoked, says co-researcher Jennifer OLoughlin, a professor at the University

28、 of Montreal Department of Social and Preventive Medicine. Our study found that teen smokers who reported emotional benefits from smoking are at higher risk of _ depressive symptoms.The association between depression and smoking exists principally among teens that use cigarettes to feel better. Its

29、important to emphasize that depressive symptom scores were higher among teenagers who reported emotional benefits from smoking after they began to smoke, says Dr. Chaiton.【单选题】A.changingB.identifyingC.developingD.overcoming正确答案:C答案解析:本句又重复了上题所表达的意思。只有developing的意义才符合上下文，因此是答案。6、These paintings are c

30、onsidered by many to be authentic.【单选题】A.faithfulB.royalC.sincereD.genuine正确答案:D答案解析:很多人都认为这些油画是真品。本题难度不大，考察的是单词的基础含义，干扰项干扰不强，authentic“真的，可靠的”，和genuine“真的，非伪造的”是同义词，sincere指“真诚”，最佳答案是D。7、Cancer1. Cancer is a group of many related diseases that begin in cells, the bodys basic building blocks. The bo

31、dy is made up of many types of cells. Normally, cells grow and divide to produce more cells as they are needed to keep the body healthy. Sometimes, this orderly process goes wrong. New cells form when the body does not need them, and old cells do not die when they should. The extra cells form a mass

32、 of tissue called a growth or tumor(肿瘤). Benign(良性的) tumors are not cancer. They can often be removed and, in most cases, they do not come back. Malignant (恶性的) tumors are cancer. Cells in malignant tumors are abnormal and divide without control or order.2. Scientists have learned that cancer is caused by changes in genes that normally control the growth and death of cells. Certain lifestyle and environmental factors can change some normal genes into genes that allow the growth of cancer. Many gene changes that l