职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案05146.docx

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案05146.docx

《职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案05146.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案05146.docx（8页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案05146

职称英语考试《卫生类》历年真题精选及答案0514-6

1、Hedemolishedmyargumentsinminutes.【单选题】

A.disproved

B.disputed

C.accepted

D.supported

正确答案:

A

答案解析:

题干大意：

他在几分钟内就驳倒了我的观点。

demolish意为“推翻，驳倒”；disprove意为“反驳”，例如：

It?

is?

nearly?

impossible?

to?

disprove?

a?

rumor.（要辟谣几乎是不可能的。

）dispute意为“辩论，怀疑”，例如：

We?

disputed?

with?

each?

other?

onvarious?

issues.（我们为各种问题互相争论。

）support意为“支持，扶持”，例如：

I?

will?

always?

support?

you?

whatever?

you?

do.（不论你做什么，我都会支持你。

）

2、Cancer

Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normallycellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor.Benign（良性的）tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomeback.Malignant（恶性的）tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.

Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatleadtocanceraretheresultoftobaccouse,diet,exposuretoultravioletradiationfromthesun,orexposuretocarcinogens（致癌物）intheworkplaceorintheenvironment.Somegenealterationsareinherited.

Cancertreatmentcanincludesurgery,radiationtherapy,chemotherapy（化疗）,hormonetherapy,andbiologicaltherapy.Thedoctormayuseonemethodoracombinationofmethods,dependingonthetypeandlocationofthecancer,whetherthediseasehasspread,thepatient'sageandgeneralhealth,andotherfactors.Becausetreatmentforcancercanalsodamagehealthycellsandtissues,itoftencausessideeffects.Patientsanddoctorsgenerallydiscussthetreatmentoptions,weighingthelikelybenefitsofkillingcancercellsandtherisksofpossiblesideeffects.

Havingcancerdoesnotalwaysmeanhavingpain.Whetherapatienthaspainmaydependonthetypeofcancer,theextentofthedisease,andthepatient'stoleranceforpain.Mostpainoccurswhenthecancergrowsandpressesagainstbones,organs,ornerves.Painmayalsobeasideeffectoftreatment.However,paincangenerallyberelievedorreducedwithprescriptionmedicinesorover-the-counterdrugsrecommendedbythedoctor.

Paragraph1____.

【单选题】

A.Doescanceralwayscausepain

B.Cancancerbeprevented

C.Whatiscancer

D.Howcommoniscancer

E.Whatcausescancer

F.Howiscancertreated

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

第一段没有主题句，该段主要介绍了癌症是由控制细胞生长增殖机制失常而引起的疾病，本段对癌症进行了简单的界定。

显然，该段回答了C选项“Whatiscancer?

”所提问题，故C为正确答案。

3、Almosteveryoneatthemeetinghasdifferentviews.【单选题】

A.Scenery

B.sight

C.understanding

D.opinion

正确答案:

D

答案解析:

view在此句中和opinion意思相同，表示“意见、看法、主张”；scenery:

风景、景色；sight:

视力、视线范围、眼界；understanding:

理解、谅解。

4、BlastsfromthePast

1Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory.Notbecausetheywerebigger,butbecausethecarbontheyreleasedwipedoutlifewithgreaterease.

2PaulWignallfromtheUniversityofLeedswasinvestigatingthelinkbetweenvolcaniceruptionsandmassextinctions.Notallvolcaniceruptionskilledofflargenumbersofanimals,butallthemassextinctionsoverthepast300.millionyearscoincidedwithhugeformationsofvolcanicrock.Tohissurprise,theolderthemassivevolcaniceruptionswere,themoredamagetheyseemedtodo.

3Wignallcalculatedthe"killingefficiency"forthesevolcanoesbycomparingtheproportionoflifetheykilledoffwiththevolumeoflavathattheyproduced.Hefoundthatsizeforsize,oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecentrivals.

4ThePermianextinction,forexample,whichhappened250millionyearsago,ismarkedbyfloodsofvolcanicrockin.SiberiathatcoveranarearoughlythesizeofwesternEurope,Thosevolcanoesarethoughttohavepumpedoutabout10gigatonnesofcarbonascarbondioxide,Theglobalwarmingthatfollowedwipedout8percentofallmarinegeneraatthetime,andittook5millionyearsfartireplanettorecover.

5Yet60millionyearsagointhelatePalaeocenetherewasanotherhugeamountofvolcanicactivityandglobal-warmingbutnomassextinction.Someanimalsdiddisappearbutthingsreturnedtonormalwithintenthousandsofyears,"Themostrecentoneshardlyhaveaneffectatall,"Wignallsays.HeignoredtheextinctionwhichwipedoutthedinosaursattheendoftheCretaceous,65millionyearsago,becausemanyscientistsbelieveitwasprimarilycausedbytheimpactofanasteroid.

6WignallthinksthatoldervolcanoeshadmorekillingpowerbecausemorerecentlifeformswerebetteradaptedtodealingwithincreasedlevelsofC02Oceanchemistrymayalsohaveplayedarole.Asthesupercontinentsbrokeupandexposedmorecoastlinetheremayhavebeenmoreweatheringofsilicarocks.Thiswouldhaveencouragedthegrowthofphytoplanktonintheoceans,increasingtheamountofC02absorbedfromtheatmosphere.

7VincentCourtillot,directoroftheParisGeophysicalInstituteinFrance,saysthatWignall'sideaisprovocative.Buthesaysitisincrediblyhardtodothesesortsofcalculations.Hepointsoutthatthekillingpowerofvolcaniceruptionsdependsonhowlongtheyfasted.Anditisimpossibletotellwhetherthehugeblastslastedforthousandsormillionsofyears.

8Courtillotalsoaddsthatitisdifficulttoestimatehowmuchlavaprehistoricvolcanoesproduced,andthatlavavolumemaynotnecessarilycorrespondtocarbondioxideorsulphurdioxideemissions.

Paragraph4____

【单选题】

A.KillingPowerofAncientVolcanicEruptions

B.AssociationofMassExtinctionwithVolcanicEruption

C.CalculationoftheKillingPowerofOlderEruptions

D.AMassExtinction

E.VolcanicEruptionsThatCausedNoMassExtinction

F.ccountingfortheKillingPowerofOlderEruptions

正确答案:

D

答案解析:

Amassextinction意为“一次大量的生物灭绝”。

文章的第一句话是这么说的：

Volcanoesweremoredestructiveinancienthistory.火山在远古更具毁灭性。

这是文章的基本论点或基本假设。

假设是需要证明的。

第二、三段其实都是在证明这一基本假设。

第三段还有这样一句话：

oldereruptionswereatleast10timesaseffectiveatwipingoutlifeastheirmorerecantrivals.这个命题虽然可用来支持文章的基本假设，但是它本身也需要证明。

第四段讲的是二叠纪生物灭绝，这是发生在远古的大规模的生物灭绝。

这是一个证据，因此D是正确的。

5、SmokingCanIncreaseDepressiveSymptomsinTeens

Whilesometeenagersmaypuffoncigarettesto"self-medicate"againsttheblues,scientistsattheUniversityofTorontoandtheUniversityofMontrealhavefoundthatsmokingmayactuallyincreasedepressivesymptomsinsometeens.

"Thisobservationalstudyisoneofthefewtoexaminetheperceivedemotionalbenefitsofsmokingamongteens,"saysleadresearcherMichaelChaiton,aresearchassociateattheOntarioTobaccoResearchUnitoftheUniversityofToronto."Althoughcigarettesmayappeartohaveself-medicatingeffectsortoimprovemood,inthelongtermwefoundthatteenswhostartedtosmokereportedhigherdepressivesymptoms."

Aspartofthestudy,some662highschoolteenagerscompletedupto20questionnairesabouttheiruseofcigarettestoaffectmood.SecondaryschoolswereselectedtoprovideamixofFrenchandEnglishparticipants,urbanandruralschools,andschoolslocatedinhigh,moderateandlowsocioeconomicneighborhoods.Participantsweredividedintothreegroups:

neversmokers;smokerswhodidnotusecigarettestoself-medicate,improvemoodorphysicalstate;smokerswhousedcigarettestoself-medicate.Depressivesymptomsweremeasuredusingascalethataskedhowfelttoofiredtodothings:

hadtroublegoingtosleeporstayingasleep;feltunhappy,sad,ordepressed;felthopelessaboutthefuture;feltvexed,antsyortense;andworriedtoomuchaboutthings.

"Smokerswhousedcigarettesasmoodimprovershadhigherrisksofelevateddepressivesymptomsthanteenswhohadneversmoked,"saysco-researcherJenniferO'Loughlin,aprofessorattheUniversityofMontrealDepartmentofSocialandPreventiveMedicine."Ourstudyfoundthatteensmokerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingareathigherriskof____depressivesymptoms."

Theassociationbetweendepressionandsmokingexistsprincipallyamongteensthatusecigarettestofeelbetter."It'simportanttoemphasizethatdepressivesymptomscoreswerehigheramongteenagerswhoreportedemotionalbenefitsfromsmokingaftertheybegantosmoke,"saysDr.Chaiton.

【单选题】

A.changing

B.identifying

C.developing

D.overcoming

正确答案:

C

答案解析:

本句又重复了上题所表达的意思。

只有developing的意义才符合上下文，因此是答案。

6、Thesepaintingsareconsideredbymanytobeauthentic.【单选题】

A.faithful

B.royal

C.sincere

D.genuine

正确答案:

D

答案解析:

很多人都认为这些油画是真品。

本题难度不大，考察的是单词的基础含义，干扰项干扰不强，authentic“真的，可靠的”，和genuine“真的，非伪造的”是同义词，sincere指“真诚”，最佳答案是D。

7、Cancer

1.Cancerisagroupofmanyrelateddiseasesthatbeginincells,thebody'sbasicbuildingblocks.Thebodyismadeupofmanytypesofcells.Normally,cellsgrowanddividetoproducemorecellsastheyareneededtokeepthebodyhealthy.Sometimes,thisorderlyprocessgoeswrong.Newcellsformwhenthebodydoesnotneedthem,andoldcellsdonotdiewhentheyshould.Theextracellsformamassoftissuecalledagrowthortumor（肿瘤）.Benign（良性的）tumorsarenotcancer.Theycanoftenberemovedand,inmostcases,theydonotcomeback.Malignant（恶性的）tumorsarecancer.Cellsinmalignanttumorsareabnormalanddividewithoutcontrolororder.

2.Scientistshavelearnedthatcanceriscausedbychangesingenesthatnormallycontrolthegrowthanddeathofcells.Certainlifestyleandenvironmentalfactorscanchangesomenormalgenesintogenesthatallowthegrowthofcancer.Manygenechangesthatl