高考阅读高频难词.docx

1、高考阅读高频难词高考阅读理解解题指导及高考阅读高频难词第一节 对阅读理解中生词的理解 一、通过句子结构或句子成分来理解 1、通过定义解释来推测词义。 a. His uncle is a zoologist, an expert who does research on animals. b. Have you ever wondered what a Degree might be worth to you in your job or career? 2、通过对比关系来推测词义，如利用反义词说明生词的意义等。 a. A childs birthday party doesnt have to

2、 be a hassle ; it can be a basket of fun, according to Beth Anaclerio, an Evaston mother of two, ages 4 and 18 months. Question： What does the under lined word “hassle” probably mean? A. a party designed by specialists B. a plan requiring careful thought C. a situation causing difficulty or trouble

3、D. a demand made by guests b. Music, for instance, was once as groups experienceFor many people now, however, music is an individual experience. 3、通过同类关系来推测词义。 a. In each Olympic Games, medals of gold, silver and bronze can all be awarded. b. At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energ

4、y. 4、根据生活常识来猜测词义。 a. Mrs. Kreamer, a victim of smoke, was unconscious. b. Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 5、利用文意及逻辑关系来推测词义。 a. One mistaken idea about business is t

5、hat it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. b. She wanted the hairdresser to trim her hair a bit because it was too long. c. The river is so turbid that it is impossi

6、ble to see the bottom even when it is shallow. 【针对性练习】 请选出画线单词的正确意思。 1.Archaeology is the study of the buried remains of ancient times, such as houses, pots, tools and weapons. A. 地理学 B. 生态学 C. 心理学 D. 考古学 2. This strict officer is a martinet, a person who demands total obedience（服从）to rules, discipl

7、ine and orders. A.专制的人B. 软弱的人 C. 强硬的人 D. 要求严格服从纪律和命令的人 3. Though Mr. Smith has been general manager for just 3 months, he has already made much greaterachievements than his predecessors .A. 上级 B. 前任 C. 同事 D. 下级 4. The football game was getting more and more exciting , however, the old lady was still

8、 as dozy as she usually was. A. 昏昏欲睡的 B. 亢奋的 C. 欣喜若狂的 D. 麻木的 5. All his attempts to unlock the door was futile, because he was using the wrong key. A. 成功的 B. 徒劳的 C. 有效的 D. 匆促的 6. She did not hear what you said because she was completely engrossed in her reading. A. 心不在焉的 B. 紧张的 C. 全神贯注的 D. 睡意浓的 7. O

9、ne of symptoms caused by the peculiar illness is a high fever. A. 症状 B. 疾病 C. 恐惧 D. 威胁 8. In the strong wind, the beggar shivered with the terrible cold. A. 流泪 B. 乞讨 C. 呻吟 D. 颤抖 9. The hot tropical weather created a feeling of lassitude and encouraged laziness. A. 兴奋 B. 厌恶 C. 清醒 D. 疲倦 10.To quite a

10、great many people, money is an irresistible temptation（诱惑）. A. 不可抗拒的 B. 可抗拒的 C. 接受的 D. 不可接受的 二、通过构词法知识来理解 复合法，派生法和转化法。而派生是很重要的一种方法，它是由词根，前缀，后缀所组成。词根是单词最重要的部分，表达单词的基本含义，在词根前或后加上前缀和后缀，可以用来引申或转变原词的意思。只要我们掌握了各种词根、前缀、后缀等基本含义，那么就可以很容易地猜测出所构成的新词的含义了。利用构词法知识猜词义我们可以用下面的一些方法： 1.利用派生法知识猜派生词词义。 a. Car rentals a

11、re becoming more and more popular as an inexpensive way of taking to the roads. b. The popularity of the igloo is beyond doubt. 2.利用合成法知识猜测合成词词义。 a. “Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “the two share a littleabout their innermost feeling.” b.The colors of Hawaii in summer ar

12、e unforgettable. 3.要求猜测熟词新含义。 a. The major market force rests in the growing population of white collar employees, who can offer the new service. b. “It was the best night we had ever had” said said Angela Carraro, who runs an Italian restaurant. 4.要求猜测词性变换新词含义。 a. The hot sun had caused the dough（面

13、团） to double in size b. When men and women lived hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picturemodern life? 【针对性练习】根据构词法，猜测下面画线单词的意思。 1. Many factories were closed, so men faced unemployment 2. They had, I know, some undesirable friends. 3. The boy took a handful of chocolates before

14、 he went to school. 4. We seek to satisfy equality of pay for men and women. 5. Students should not disobey the rules of their school. 6. We favor an early start in the training of performing arts. 7. We fought hard to overthrow the policy. 8. Can you foresee what will happen tomorrow. 9. The man ma

15、de an admission that he was a spy. 10. He is very knowledgeable about wires. 第二节 对阅读理解中长难句的理解 一、长句成分分析法 （1）找准主干，关键是主句的主谓结构，方法是先将句子的修饰成分（名词性从句、定语从句、状语从句和非谓语动词）去掉，露出主句的真面貌，然后再分析修饰部分和主句的关系。另外在一个长句中可能会出现若干个从句，如果把整个的长句从头到尾理解透，势必很难。如果把各个从句剔出来单独理解，再把大意拼凑起来，构成整个长句的意思，就可降低长句的理解难度。（2）理清逻辑和思路。一些长句其实就是一个由主句和若干个

16、从句组成的一个多层次的主从复合句，因而一定要搞清主句和从句之间的逻辑关系。只要把逻辑关系搞清楚了，把主句的意思和从句的意思按逻辑意义进行理解，则长难句就好对付了。 平时要注意积累表示各种逻辑关系的连词和短语， 常见的有， 表目的： so that, for the purpose that, in order that 等；表结果：sothat, suchthat, that, as a result, therefore, thus等；表条件：if, on condition that, unless等；表原因：because, since, as等。（3）把握关键词。如果对一个长难句子一点

17、感觉 也没有，下下之策就是别把长、难句当句子看，只要能大体理解句中的关键词，也可以大体猜出了这个句子的意思。例如： 【例1】It is difficult to measure the quantity of paper used as a result of use of Internet-connected computers, although just about anyone who works in an office can tell you that when e-mail is introduced, the printers start working overtime.

18、【例2】Whereas a womans closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage, it wasnt unusual to hear a man say he didnt know his friends marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on a sofa. 【针对性练习】 1. They want to keep you under t

19、heir protection as long as they can, and since they can, and since they have always given you extra special care, they are afraid you wont make it without their support. 2. It was almost impossible for an Indian to gain even a fair education and extremely difficult, as a result, for an Indian to ris

20、e high in life. 3. Being very short of money and wanting to do something useful, I applied, fearing as I did so, that without a degree and with no experience in teaching my chances of getting the job were slim. 二、抓住核心简化长句 如果句子很长，就要对句子进行结构分析。一般来说，一个长句如果是由几个并列、转折、递进、对比关系的分句组成，句中往往有表示这些分句关系的连接词，只要能搞清分句

21、和分句之间的逻辑关系，把各层分句的意思加以连贯就构成了长句的句意。使用这一个方法，我们就会很快的把握句子的意思，这对我们完成试题是很有帮助作用的。在长句理解的过程中，教会学生划分意群。首先让学生划分意群，即先找出句子的主干：主语、谓语和宾语，这些是句子的核心所在。然后再找句子的修饰成分：同位语、定语、主语补足语、宾语补足语和状语。这样，把一个个复杂的长句分解为一个个相对简单的意群，这样符合由简入繁，由易入难的记忆和学习规律，能有效地消除学生对长句的畏惧心理，从而为解答阅读理解提供一把万能的金钥匙。 【例1】 I am always amazed when I hear people sayin

22、g that sport creates good will between the nations, and that if only the common peoples of the world could meet one another at football or cricket, they would have no inclination to meet on the battlefield. 另外，在英语语言中，平行并列结构占有相当大的比例。由于这种结构组成的方式不同，或其它句子成分的介入，或多重并列平行的存在，往往使读者在阅读时不易分辩清楚，找不到句子的主干，进而形成阅读理

23、解的障碍。并列平行结构中多有一些关联词语如and, or, but, not only but also, bothand, eitheror, neithernor 等；或标点符号如分号、逗号、破折号等信息标志，把若干个在语义上有联系或相互照应的句子连在一起以表达一个复杂的多层次的含义。 【针对性练习】（翻译下面的句子，并对句子进行分析） 1. My friends, having seen the recorder before them turned off, paid no attention to the microphones a few inches from their mou

24、ths, thus giving excellent sound quality. 2. And although you may not like it if she chooses your doorway as her place to sleep in the night, it is as normally hard to turn her away as it is a lost dog. 3 He did not believe nor reject (排斥) anything because any other person had believed or rejected i

25、t. 第三节 对阅读理解中段落的理解 【例1】 We all know that cigarette smoking is a dangerous habit because it causes health problems. Doctors say it can be a direct cause of cancer of the lungs and throat and can also contribute to cancer of other organs. In addition, it can bring about other health problems such as h

26、eart and lung diseases. It is clearly identified as one of the chief causes of death in our society. 【例2】 The need for wildlife protection is greater now than ever before. About a thousand species of animals are in danger of extinction, and the rate at which they are being destroyed has increased. W

27、ith mammals, for instance, the rate of extinction is now about one species every year; from AD 1 to 1800, the rate was about one species every fifty years. Everywhere, men are trying to solve the problem of preserving wildlife while caring at the same time for the worlds growing population. 【例3】 Tro

28、uble, trouble, trouble! First it was the tires! I discovered two of them completely worn out after only one years use. After replacing the tires, the brakes went bad. There went $150! Just when I thought everything was working fine, the engine boiled over as I sat in a long line at the toll（过桥收费处）br

29、idge. 【针对性练习】（请指出下面句子的主题句） 1. Birds use many different materials to build nests. Some birds use bits of grass. The tailor-bird of Africa and India uses grass to sew leaves together. Other birds find twigs and pebbles useful. 2. But no matter what it is called, all polyester has certain good points.

30、It does not wrinkle easily. It dries quickly after it is washed. It holds its shape. It is strong and keeps its colors well. 3. Black is the color of mourning. Red symbolizes danger, violence, or bloodshed. If you are afraid, you are yellow. None of these sayings is true outside the English speaking

31、 world. In China and Korea, white is the color of mourning. In Russia red stands for beauty and life. In Italy and Germany you are yellow with anger，not with fear. 4. Our chief source of fresh water is rainfall that collects in lakes, rivers, and reservoirs. Recently, however, we have discovered a new source, aquifers, which are rock formations containing water. Even under deserts, vast aquifers may be waiting to be tapped. Companies drilling for oil in the Middle East have sometimes struck aquifers, which provide unexpected water supplies