跨境电子商务物流供应链外文翻译文献.docx

1、跨境电子商务物流供应链外文翻译文献文献信息：文献标题：Supply Chains of Cross-Border e-Commerce（跨境电子商务供应链）国外作者：Arkadiusz Kawa文献出处：Advanced Topics in Intelligent Information and Database Systems,2017.173-183字数统计：英文3507单词，18322字符；中文5561汉字外文文献：Supply Chains of Cross-Border e-CommerceAbstract A feature of e-commerce is worldwide c

2、overage. Almost any person or company can be a customer of an online shop. However, this common availability is in practice quite apparent. Despite the dynamic development of e-commerce, communication in other languages, the form of payment, currency, legal and tax conditions, as well as the deliver

3、y of products remain barriers to the free cross-border flow. The article focuses on the last factor mentioned above. The lack of delivery of goods to a distant place or a relatively long time and high cost of providing the purchased product hinders further development of e-commerce. This problem can

4、 be solved by introducing an intermediary that consolidates shipments from many retailers and delivers them to many clients scattered in different corners of the world.The main contribution of this article is to develop a model facilitating cooperation between online shops dealing with cross-border

5、trade. The purpose of the idea is to reduce costs and accelerate the delivery of goods ordered abroad via the Internet.Keywords: e-commerce, cross-border, supply chain, CEP (courier, express and postal) industry1.IntroductionThe rapid development of the Internet, and thus also e-commerce, has create

6、d new distribution channels for many trading, service and manufacturing companies. According to the European Commission, e-commerce is one of the main factors leading to better prosperity and competitiveness of Europe. It has significant potential that may contribute to economic growth and employmen

7、t. It is expected that its further development will have far-reaching effects, perhaps even exceeding the changes that concerned trade over the past several decades. Physical presence while shopping is becoming less and less important. Customers buy products, placing orders electronically, and the p

8、urchased goods are delivered to their workplaces, homes, click & collect points and parcel lockers. Placing ordering in this way replaces the trip to a store, and the delivery of the consignment eliminates the way back with the purchased goods.In contrast with traditional trade, online shopping is i

9、nseparably associated with the delivery to the final customer (so-called last mile), i.e. the most complicated and costly process in the whole supply chain. Internet retail businesses carry out a very large number of small orders. Unfortunately, there are delays in deliveries about which buyers are

10、not informed at all. Customers often do not have too much influence on the choice of the company that will deliver the goods, either. The delivery of the goods is most frequently performed by CEP (courier, express and postal) companies.Additionally, more and more attention has recently been paid to

11、expanding business activities beyond the borders of a single country. Sellers look for new buyers abroad, while customers want to have a greater choice of suppliers. A trend in e- commerce arises, then, which is defined as cross-border trade. It is particularly evident in the countries of the Europe

12、an Union. It is based on selling products to customers who are located in another country. However, it is related to several problems, such as a high cost and long delivery time, language barriers, different legal regulations and taxes, etc. The high cost and long delivery time are, in turn, associa

13、ted with the aforementioned problem of the last mile, but also with the problem of the relatively small flow of goods between countries which is realized by a single CEP operator. So the economies of scale do not take place yet.Therefore, there is a real need to offer e-commerce to retailers and to,

14、 indirectly, recommend comprehensive services to their customers, which would include, on the one hand, logistics services in Europe, and, on the other hand, full information on the quality of the service.The aim of this article is to develop a model of an intermediary facilitating cooperation betwe

15、en online shops dealing with cross-border trade. This model is expected to contribute to cost reduction and acceleration of the delivery of goods ordered abroad via the Internet.The structure of the article is as follows. Section 2 describes the electronic cross- border trade in Europe. Section 3 pr

16、esents logistical problems in e-commerce. Section 4 proposes the above-mentioned model. Section 5 summarizes the article and points to future directions of the research.2.Cross-border e-commerce in EuropeCurrently, e-commerce can be divided into several trends in the field of logistics, which will d

17、etermine further development of the CEP industry. These are: reverse logistics, same-day delivery, development of new models of cooperation in logistics (dropshipping, fulfillment, one-stop e-commerce), broker services and cross-border transport. This article focuses on the latter trend.Cross-border

18、 e-commerce still has a relatively small share in the whole market of e-commerce. In 2014, approx. 15% of the EU inhabitants made a purchase from sellers from a different country. This represents an increase in the share of this type of trade by 25% compared to the previous year. Not everywhere, how

19、ever, is cross- border e-commerce equally developed. For example, in 2014 only 4% of Poles made a purchase on the Internet from a seller located in another country, which placed Poland on the penultimate place in the European Union. Most foreign shopping is done by Luxembourgers (65%) and Austrians

20、(40%), and the least by Romanians (1%). The EU average is 15%.The total value of the commodity circulation in e-commerce within individual countries and among the EU Member States is estimated at about 241 bn. Of this amount, 197 bn (80%) are traded on domestic markets. Only about 44 bn (18%) cross

21、the borders between the EU Member States, and another 6 bn (2%) come from import from countries outside the EU.It can be seen from these data that the potential of electronic cross-border trade within the EU still remains unexploited. Only 8% of companies are involved in cross- border selling. Manag

22、ers of these enterprises argue that it is too complicated and too expensive. As part of the efforts to unleash the potential of e-commerce, the European Commission has adopted a package of proposals to stop the unjustified geo-blocking, increase the transparency of package delivery prices, and impro

23、ve the enforcement of consumer rights.3.Logistics problems of cross-border e-commerceThe logistics of products offered by online stores is one of the basic factors influencing the consumers decision about making purchases in them. Deliveries and product returns are one of the most important issues f

24、or both online shoppers and online stores in the EU. The European Commission indicates that the problem lies in particular in cross-border deliveries of packages realized for the needs of small and medium enterprises and those sent to the less developed and less accessible regions. Therefore, it put

25、s a lot of effort into increasing the availability of e-commerce for all EU citizens and businesses, regardless of their size and location.Another problem is the relatively little access to information about the CEP market, in particular about the available services, operators and prices. Many custo

26、mers know only certain operators whose services they could use. In the case of cross-border transport, they can choose between an international courier service or a common service provider, so the postal operator. This makes it difficult for new entrants to gain market share and reduces the competit

27、ive pressure on the existing operators, which in turn limits the incentives to improve the service quality and leads to higher prices.Currently, online stores selling their products abroad incur a very high cost of shipping - depending on the country it is up to 5 times higher than the cost of a con

28、signment realized within the country. The lower price of the product sold does not often compensate for the cost of delivery, which discourages buyers from abroad. It is one of the greatest barriers to the development of cross-border trade conducted via the Internet. Consumers and small enterprises

29、claim that the problems with the delivery, in particular the high prices, prevent them from increasing the sales or purchases in other Member States. Foreign exchange in e-commerce could be completely different if these costs were significantly reduced.Apart from the cost of delivery, another barrie

30、r to the development of cross-border e-commerce is the delivery time. It results mainly from the distance between the vendor and the customer. In most cases (mainly outside the border regions) it will be much greater than in the case of domestic shipments. In international trade, shipments often hav

31、e to undergo additional operations, go through a greater number of hubs and branches, which further prolongs the time of delivery.Operating activities of CEP companies are based on the hub and spoke concept. It is a system used for the distribution of small size or weight loads. In contrast to direc

32、t deliveries, hubs are used that connect the individual places where shipments are posted and received. The hub and spoke (H&S) concept minimizes storage costs and reduces the individual costs of transportation. Although a single consignment is transported over a long distance, the total distance fo

33、r all shipments counted separately is shorter than in the case of direct deliveries. This solution works very well for a large number of items that are posted and received in multiple locations. An example is distribution within a country where most large cities are connected with one another by means of one or more hubs. Fig. 1 il