中考英语非谓语动词语法讲解.docx

1、中考英语非谓语动词语法讲解2020年中考英语非谓语动词语法讲解【名师精选历届中考真题，值得下载练习】非谓语动词专题一非谓动词概述：非谓语动词，即在句子中不作谓语的动词，其具体形式分：不定式，动名词，分词三种。二非谓语动词的共性特征：1.没有单、复数变化和人称变化（因为不作谓语）；2.仍然具有动词本身的特点：可以带宾语、状语；可以有自己的时态、（被动）语态变化；可以构成非谓语动词短语（即不定式短语、动名词短语、分词短语）。3.非谓语动词的否定形式：其结构形式无论是单一结构还是复合结构，都在其前面直接加not形成。例如：a.Notknowingarightaddress,hecouldntfind

2、hisfriendshome.b.Imsosorrynottohavetoldyouabouthimalittleearlier.c.Notswimmingintheriverinsummerisgoodforyou.4.非谓语动词的复合结构（即逻辑主谓关系）：a.ItsveryimportantformetolearnEnglishwellnow.b.Doyoumindmyopeningthewindow,please?c.Therebeingnoclassestoday,wedontgotoschool.Becausetherearenoclassestoday,.一、动词不定式知识点1：

3、动词不定式的基本形式基本形式肯定： to do否定： not to do例：He refused to do extra work. 他拒绝做额外的工作。My teacher advised me not to stay up late.我的老师建议我不要熬夜。知识点2：动词不定式的用法1) 用作主语(to do sth.+be)例： To see is to believe. (眼见为实；百闻不如一见)翻译：尽全力处理这些问题是我们的责任。It is our duty _these problems.2) 用作表语( 主语+be+ to do sth.)动词不定式作表语，常说明主语的内容、性

4、质、特征。如：例：最好的方法是加入一个英语俱乐部。The best way is_.第一件事是认真听老师讲。The first thing is_. 注意：以goal, duty, hope, idea, job, plan, problem, purpose, thing, wish等名词为中心的短语，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用, 例如：His goal is to study abroad in the near future3) 用作宾语 (动词+ to do sth.)(1)可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有：要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree)，期望决定学

5、习(expect, hope, decide, learn)，宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know)，希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)，敢于计划准备(dare, plan, prepare)，拒绝提供失败(refuse, offer, fail)，觉得好像答应（seem, promise）。如：我们决定谈论一下去哪里度假。We decided _where to go for a holiday. 他宁可吃白面包和米饭。He prefers _white bread and rice.(2)动词decide, know, learn

6、, show, teach, tell.，介词结构on.可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语，但why后面的不定式不带to。如：我不知道把车停在哪里。I dont know_.他给出建议如何做。He gives advice on_. (3)动词feel, find, make, think等后面，可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语动词不定式，句子结构是.feel / find / make / think. it+ adj. / n.+ to do. 如：例：我发现记住所有的很难。I find _everything. 4）用作定语（名词/代词+ to do）例我今天有如此多的衣服要洗。I h

7、ave_ today.我们没有房子住。We have_.5）用作宾语补足语（动词+宾语+to do）1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有：要求允许提议(ask, allow, advise)，期望邀请鼓励(expect, , invite, encourage)，教导告诉想要(teach, tell, want)，等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如：1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.2)We should allow the children to choose their own

8、 clothes. 2.动词不定式作补语，在主动语态句里省略to，包括四“看”：look at, notice, see, watch，三“让”：have, let, make，二“听”：hear, listen to，一“感觉”：feel。如：1)This picture makes me feel excited！2)We saw Liu Yu play baseball last week.3.help后接动词不定式作补语，to可带可不带。1) They can help you to learn English.2)Using email English helps you write

9、 quickly. 6) 用作状语1.目的状语，置于句首或句末，置于句首时常表示强调。如：1)为了赶上早班车，她起床非常早。_, she got up very early.2)一群年轻人为了讨论这个问题聚在一起。A group of young people got together_. 3)她来到这座城市看望她的女儿。She came to this city_.2.原因状语，多见于“sb.+be+ adj.+to do.”结构句中。如：1) 我很幸运有这个机会。I feel very lucky_.2) 见到你很高兴。I am pleased_.3.结果状语，多见于“too.to”，“e

10、nough to.”“only to”结构句中。如：1)我太累了做不好这件事。Im _ well. 2)这个房间足够大，能住三个人。The room is_.3)她迅速赶回家结果发现她家的房子着火了。She hurried to her home _on fire.二、分词知识点1：分词分类分词可分为两类：现在分词和过去分词。现在分词一般表示主动和进行的意义如：the developing countries 发展中国家（正在发展的）the boiling water 正开着的水过去分词一般表示被动和完成的意义如：the developed countries 发达国家（发展过的） the b

11、oiled water 开过的水知识点2：分词用法 成份 形式主语宾语表语定语状语补语现在分词过去分词1. 作表语e.g. The topic is very interesting.We are interested in the topic.2. 作定语e.g. Dont disturb the sleeping birds in the tree. The man called Jim is my cousin.3. 作状语(1)分词作时间状语或原因状语时，一般放在句首。e.g. Standing in front of so many people, he couldnt say a

12、word at all. Asked to look after the babies, I have to stay at home and cant go with you.(2)分词作方式状语、伴随状语以及结果状语时一般放在句末。e.g. They sat in sofa, waiting for their mother. The thief ran quickly, chased by some policemen.4. 作补足语e.g. He loves birds very much and likes watching them flying in the sky.知识点3：分

13、词的构成、特征及功能构 成特征和功能时态和语态否定式具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语主动结构被动结构在分词前加not分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done过去分词done3、动名词知识点 1. 动名词的用法1）作主语例：Running is my favourite sport.跑步是我最喜爱的运动。2）作宾语a. 动词后面加动名词ing 作宾语，即V. +doing sth.例：admit avoid keep consider delay prevent miss suggest mind 等b. 词组后接do

14、ing例：prefer.to. be used to. devote oneself to. be busy. Its worth. 等3）作表语例：Her job is washing, cleaning and taking care of the children.其他注意点：知识点1：it做形式主语, 不定式做主语句型句型特点常用形容词It is/ was + adj. + of sb. to do sth.这里形容词是对人的品质、特征等的修饰、说明good, kind, nice, clever, right, careful, wise, foolish, selfish, car

15、eless, wrong, silly, generous 句型句型特点常用形容词It is/was + adj. + for sb. to do sth.这里的形容词是对做的事的好坏等性质的修饰、说明hard, difficult, easy, important, interesting, necessary, possible, impossible知识点2：动词不定式的否定式不定式的否定式是not to do.，不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do.如：例：1.They decide not to talk to each other.2.His parents te

16、ll him never to play soccer in the street.知识点3：不定式做宾补在被动语态中还原to这些词有一感(feel), 二听(listen to; hear), 三让(let, make, have), 四看(see, look at, watch, notice)如：see sb do sthsb be seen to do sth (主动语态不含to，被动语态必须带to。)hear sb do sthsb be heard to do sth make sb do sthsb be made to do sthhave sb do sthsb be had

17、 to do sth知识点4：现在分词和过去分词用法区别1. 现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别区 别例 句 现在分词与被修饰词之间是主谓关系，表示动作和谓语动作之间是同时发生。Be careful of the boiling water!过去分词与被修饰词之间是被动关系，表示动作发生在谓语动作之前，现已完成。It is boiled water, you can drink it.2. 现在分词和过去分词作宾语补足语的区别常见动词与宾语的逻辑关系及时间概念例句现在分词一感；feel 二听：hear, listen to 三使：make ,let ,have四看：look at, see,wat

18、ch, notice主谓关系，谓语动作正在进行，尚未完成I saw her dancing in the music room just now.过去分词动宾关系，动作已经完成，多强调状态We found our hometown greatly changed.3. 现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别与主语的逻辑关系例句现在分词主谓关系Standing in the top of the mountain, he could see the whole city clearly.过去分词动宾关系Asked to remember the song, I have to practice read

19、ing it again and again.知识点5：have sb. do sth., have sb. doing sth.和have sth.done的区别1. have sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事”，have可以用let, make代替。不定式往往表示一次性的具体动作，且强调动作已经完成或尚未发生。例：The soldiers had the boy stand with his back to his father.士兵们让这个男孩背对着他的父亲站着。2. have sb. doing sth. 意为“让某人一直做某事”,have可以用keep代替，现在分词doing

20、这个动作往往具有持续、进行的含义。例：The two men had their lights burning all night long. 那两个人让灯通宵亮着。3. have sth. done意为“让某事被（别人）做”，即ask sb. to do sth.过去分词(done)这个动作由他人（非主语本身）来完成，含有被动意义且强调动作已经完成。例：1. The driver had his car washed once a week. 那位司机每周让人洗一次车。2. My hair is too long. Ill have it cut tomorrow. 我的头发太长了。明天我要

21、请人理发了。知识点6：现在分词和动名词的区别（选讲）构 成特征和功能时态和语态否定式具有形容词和副词的作用，在句中作表语、定语、补语和状语主动结构被动结构在其前加not现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done动名词具有名词的作用，在句子中作主语、宾语、定语和表语【例题精讲】1. - Would you like to play table tennis with me?- I dont feel like it. I would rather _ at home and watch TV.A. stay B. to stay C. stayi

22、ng D. stayed2. -I hope to take the DIY course at weekends. -Good idea. _ more about it, visit the website.A. Know B. Knew C. Knowing D. To know3. The ORBIS doctors did everything _ the girl with eye problems.A. save B. saved C. to save D. saving4. -A young man has just borrowed 5,000,000 yuan from a

23、 bank to buy a flat. -That sounds crazy. He will risk _ everything all at one time.A. lose B. losing C. to lose D. of losing5. Jim has got a blood cancer. Lets _ some money for him.A. rise B. donate C. pay D. raise6. Life is about waiting for the right moment_, because everyone is in his own TIME ZO

24、NE.A. acting B. to act C. act D. acts7. You should be confident enough _ a speech in front of many people.A. make B. made C. making D. to make8. Andy made a big bamboo box_the little sick bird until it could fly again.A. keep B. kept C. keeps D. to keep9. _ viruses from spreading, we should wash our

25、 hands more often.A. Stop B. Stopped C. Stopping D. To stop10. WeChat has become a hot free software. You can often see people_with their friends over WeChat everywhere. A. to talk B. talked C. talk D. talking11. -Youre late again, Tom! -Sorry, Mr. Smith. I promise_ late next time.A. not to be B. no

26、t be C. dont be D. wont be12.-Whats the most important morning news on CCTV today? -The Chinese government warned Japan_do harm to Chinas territorial sovereignty (领土主权)once more.A. to not B. not to C. didnt D. do not13. _ the project as planned, well have to work two more hours a day. A. Completing

27、B. Complete C. Completed D. To complete14. Mr. Chen spends more time than before _ games with his child after work.A. playing B. play C. played D. plays15. _ you the truth, she knows nothing about it.A. Tell B. Telling C. Told D. To tell16. - What do they often go to Zhenghe Park for?-Those ladies?

28、Oh, they dance there _ healthy. A. keep B. kept C. keeping D. to keep17. -What beautiful flowers! I cant decide_ for my mom.-For Mothers Day, it cant be better to buy some carnations. A. when to choose B. which to choose C. how to choose D. to choose what【答案】BADCD BDDDC ABDAD DB【变式练习】1. Mr. Zhang asked us when we should go to dance classes. （改为简单句）Mr. Zhang asked us _ _ go to dance classes. 2. Mary is very busy.She does not have any time for social activities.（合并为一句）Mary is _ busy _ have any time for social activities.3. Mr.Jiang advised us which we should ch