考研英语典型长难句及解析.docx

1、考研英语典型长难句及解析考研英语典型长难句及解析考研英语典型长难句及解析之一1. Even when we turn off the bedside lamp and are fast asleep (2), electricity is working for us (1), driving our refrigerators, heating our water,or keeping our rooms air-conditioned (3).电仍在为我们工作。即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作。即使在我们关掉了床头灯深深地进入梦乡时, 电仍在为我们工作开动电冰箱,

2、 把水加热, 或使室内空调机继续运转。2. But now it is realized that supplies of some of them are limited, and it is even possible to give a reasonable estimate of their “expectation of life (1), the time it will take to exhaust all known sources and reserves of these materials (2).可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比

3、较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年” 。可是现在人们意识到, 其中有些矿物质的蕴藏量是有限的, 人们甚至还可以比较合理的估计出这些矿物质“可望存在多少年”, 也就是说, 经过若干年后, 这些矿物的全部已知矿源和储量将消耗殆尽。If parents were prepared for this adolescent reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgm

4、ent (2), they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by resenting and resisting it (1).他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。如果做父母的对这种青少年的反应有所准备, 而且认为这是一个显示出孩子正在成长, 正在发展珍贵的观察力和独立的判断力的标志,他们就不会感到如此伤心, 所以也就不会因对此有愤恨和反对的情绪而把孩子推到对立面去。4. They (the poor) are the fi

5、rst to experience technological progress as a curse (1) which destroys the old muscle-power jobs (2) that previous generations used as a means to fight their way out of poverty (3).他们(穷人们)最早体味到了技术进步所带来的危害。他们(穷人们)最早体味到了技术进步所带来的危害，因为技术进步使传统的体力劳动受到了威胁。他们(穷人们)最早体味到了技术进步所带来的危害，因为技术进步使传统的体力劳动受到了威胁。而在过去，体力

6、劳动是人们摆脱贫困的一种手段。5. Television, it is often said, keeps one informed about current events, allow one to follow the latest developments in science and politics, and offers an endless series of programmes (1) which are both instructive and entertaining (2).人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷的新节

7、目。人们常说, 通过电视可以了解时事, 掌握科学和政治的最新动态。从电视里还可以看到层出不穷、既有教育意义又有娱乐性的新节目。6. All they have to do is press a button, and they can see plays, films, operas, and shows of every kind, not to mention political discussions and the latest exciting football match (2).他们所必须做的只是按一下开关。然后就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目。他们所必

8、须做的只是按一下开关。然后就可以看到电视剧、电影、歌剧, 以及其他各种各样的文艺节目，更不用说政治辩论以及近来激动人心的足球赛了。7. People were afraid to leave their houses (1), for although the police had been ordered to stand by in case of emergency (3), they were just as confused and helpless as anybody else (2).人们不敢出门，因为警察也象他们一样不知所措、无能为力。人们不敢出门，因为虽然警察已接到命令以防

9、万一，但他们也象其他人一样不知所措、无能为力。8. Modern scientific and technical books, especially textbooks, requires revision at short intervals (1) if their authors wish to keep pace with new ideas, observations and discoveries (2).现代科技书籍，尤其是教科书，在很短的时间内就需要重新修订。现代科技书籍，尤其是教科书，在很短的时间内就需要重新修订，如果它们的作者希望能够跟上新观点、新资料和新发现的话。对于现

10、代科技书籍，尤其是教科书来说，如果其作者想要跟上新观点、新资料和新发现的话，每隔较短的时间，就要对书的内容进行修订更新。9. Up to the present time, throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (2), this new tendency placed the home in the immediate suburbs,but concentrated manufacturing activity, business relations, government, and pleasure in the cente

11、rs of the cities (1).这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。到目前为止, 经历了 18 和 19 两个世纪, 这种新的倾向是把住宅安排在城市的近郊, 而把生产活动、商业往来、政府部门以及娱乐场所都集中在城市的中心地区。从 18 世纪、19 世纪一直到现在，所出现的一种新的趋势是住宅位于城市的近郊，而生产、商务活动、政府机构以及娱乐活动等则集中在城市的中心区域。10. How can the European Union contribute to the development of a European

12、 film and television programme industry (1) which is competitive in the world market and capable of radiating the influence of European culture and of creating jobs in Europe?欧洲联盟怎样才能促进欧洲影视业的发展呢?欧洲联盟怎样才能促进欧洲影视业的发展，使其在世界市场上更加具有竞争性，使其能够扩大欧洲文化的影响，并为欧洲创造更多的就业机会呢？11. In America, plans by the government t

13、o allow government agencies and intelligence sevices easy access to telephone conversations and electronic mail (2) have caused considerable concern (1).在美国，计划引起了人们普遍关注。在美国，政府允许政府部门和情报机构可以随意监听电话和监视电子邮件的计划引起了人们普遍的关注。12. Many people believe (1) that man is not solving these problems of pollution quick

14、ly enough (2a) and that his selfish pursuit of possessions take him past the point of no return (2b) before he fully appreciates the damage (2ba).许多人认为，人类没有尽快的解决这些污染问题而只顾谋求私利，以至于错过了悔改的机会，以后才充分认识到这种损害。考研英语典型长难句及解析之二1. This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continu

15、e agriculture in the high-energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields.结构分析:句子的主干是 This will be particularly true。 since 引导原因状语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个由关系代词 that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the high-energy American fashion。 在定语从句中， that 做主语， makes 做谓语，it 做形式宾语， 不定式短语 to combine few farm

16、ers with high yields 则是真正的宾语（不定式短语内部 to combine 是主干，few farmers 是宾语，with high yields 是状语） ，possible 做宾语补足语。this 指代前句中提到的这种困境。energy pinch 译为“能源的匮乏”;infashion 译为“用方法、方式” 。译文：这种困境将是确定无疑的，因为能源的匮乏，高能量消耗这种美国耕种方式将很难在农业中继续下去，而这种耕种方式使投入少数农民就可获得高产成为可能。2. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparat

17、ive matter，we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a“valid”or“fair”comparison.结构分析:句子的主干是 we must be sure。 since 引导原因状语从句 the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter。 主句中又有 that引导的宾语从句 that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provide

18、s a“valid”or“fair”comparison。此宾语从句中又套嵌一个由介词 with+which 引导的定语从句 with which we are comparing our subjects 修饰先行词 the scale。scale 在此处意为“尺度、衡量标准”。译文：既然对智力的评估相比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象进行比较时，我们所用的尺度能够提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。3. In general，the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most pr

19、ecisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicted can be not well defined.结构分析:句子的框架是 the tests work most effectively whenand least effectively when。and 连接两个并列分句，每个并列分句中皆有一个 when 引导的时间状语从句分别说明 work most effectively 和 and（work）least effectively。第二个时间状语从句中还有一个主语从句whatpredi

20、cted。the tests 是主句的主语，work 为动词做谓语。qualities 在此处是可数名词，不译为“质量” ，而译为“特征” 。defined不能直译为“被定义为”，而应译为主动语态“界定”。译文：一般来说，当所需要测定的特征能被精确界定时，测试最为有效;而当所测定或预测的东西不能被明确界定时，测试效果最差。4. For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have be

21、en had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.结构分析:句子的框架是 they do not compensate，and thus do not tell how。and 连接两个并列分句，第二个并列分句中由 how 引导的宾语从句是一个带有虚拟条件句的主从复合句，其中 had he grown up（=If he had grown up）是省略了连词 if 的非真实条件句。主句主语的 they，在此代指上文提到的 tests; able 在句中作 might have been 的表语。underprivileged 在此不能

22、译为“没有特权的” ，而译为“没有地位的”或“物质条件差的”。译文：例如，测试并不能弥补明显的社会不公;因此，它们不能说明一个物质条件差的年轻人，如果在较好的环境中成长的话，会有多大才干。5.It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset：it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans，or with no consideration at all.结构分析:句子

23、的框架是 It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that。冒号后的复合句是对冒号前部分作进一步说明。复合句中 that 引导宾语从句，从句中有 eitheror引导的两个并列的介词结构作状语，修饰动词 be treated，其中第一个with 介词结构中还有一个省略了关系代词 that 或 which 的定语从句 humans extend to other humans，修饰 the consideration。it 代指上文的观点，即如果对人权没有达成一致看法，而谈论动物的权利是

24、徒劳的。介词短语 at the outset 译为“从一开始” 。动词 invites 应转译为“使”、“让”或“促使”。动宾结构 extend consideration to 意为“给予关怀或关心” ，consideration 不应译为“考虑” 。译文：这种说法从一开始就将讨论引向极端，它使人们认为应该这样对待动物:要么像对人类自身一样关怀体谅，要么完全冷漠无情。6. But even more important， it was the farthest that scientists had been able to look into the past， for what they

25、 were seeing were the patterns and structures that existed 15 billion years ago.结构分析:句子的框架是 it was the farthest that。但 It wasthat在本句中不是强调句型。it 是指上句中所提到的 150 亿年前形成的巨大云团（a strip of enormous cosmic clouds some 15 billion light-years from earth）;that 引导的应是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 the farthest。for 引导的是表示原因的分句，分句中还有

26、that 引导的定语从句，修饰 the patterns and structure。译文：但更重要的是，这是科学家们所能观测到的有关过去的最为遥远的景象，因为他们看到的是 150 亿年前宇宙云的形状和结构。7. Thus it happened that when the new factories that were springing up required labor，tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workers， with their wives and children， were forced into

27、 the cities in search of work， and any work， under any condition， that would keep them alive.结构分析:句子的框架是 it happened that。it 做形式主语，that 引导的从句做真正的主语。主语从句中，又有一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句，主句为 tens of thousands of homeless and hungry agricultural workerswere forced， 时间状语从句中从句主语 the new factories又带有一个定语从句 that wer

28、e springing up; that would keep them alive 做 work 的定语从句。spring up 意为“发生，出现，建立” 。译文: 于是就出现了这样的情况:正当新办的工厂纷纷建立，需要劳动力的时候，成千上万无家可归、饥肠辘辘、以农业为生的劳动者携家带口，被迫进入城市;他们要找活干，不管什么活儿，不论什么条件，只要不被饿死就行。8. As a result of two or three centuries of scientific investigation we have come to believe that nature is understand

29、able in the sense that when we ask her questions by way of appropriate observations and experiments，she will answer truly and reward us with discoveries that endure.结构分析:句子的框架是we have come to believe that。 that 引导的从句做 believe 的宾语从句;此从句中有一个 that 从句作 the sense 的同位语从句;同位语从句中又套嵌一个由 when 引导的时间状语从句;此时间状语从

30、句又套嵌一个定语从句 that endure，修饰其先行词discoveries。by way of 意为“经由，通过方法”;reward sb. with 意为“以报答，酬劳”;endure 此处应译为“持久，持续”,不要译为“忍受，容忍”。译文:由于两三个世纪以来的科学研究成果，我们逐渐相信，如果运用合适的观察和实验方法向大自然探究问题，她会真心实意地给我们答复，并且以永垂不朽的发现来报答我们。从这个意义上来说，大自然是可以认识的。9. These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details

31、 were it not for the fact that theoretical understanding has reached the stage at which it is becoming possible to indicate the kind of measurements required for reliable weather forecasting.结构分析:句子的框架是 These new observational capabilities would result in simply a mass of details。 后面紧跟省略了 if 引导的虚拟条件

32、句were it not for the fact that，即 if it were not for the fact that;that 从句作 the fact 的同位语从句。此从句中又套嵌一个定语从句，修饰其先行词 the stage; required for reliable weather forecasting 为过去分词短语修饰 the kind of measurements。 simply 译为 “只不过， 仅仅” ，不应译为“简单地”。译文：理论上的认识已达到了这样一个阶段,即现在已能指出需要哪种测量方式才能可靠地预报天气。如果做不到这一点，那么上述这些新的观察能力只不过提供了一大堆细节而已。10. The story of the discovery of what is now generally called the principle of Archimedes，namely that a solid body when immersed in a liquid loses a portion of its weight of the liquid it displaces，has many different versions