名词性从句的用法.docx

1、名词性从句的用法名词性从句从句有名词性从句、定语从句和状语从句三大类。名词性从句又可分为宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句及同位语从句，因为从句的在这个句子中的功用相当于名词；定语从句有称为形容词性从句，因为从句功能相当于形容词；而状语从句则称为副词性从句，因为从句功能相当于副词 。 什么是名词性从句?在英语的句子结构中，本来该由名词充当的主语、宾语、表语和同位语，由一个句子来充当,这个句子就叫名词性从句。宾语从句 ( The Object Clause)表语从句 ( The Predicative Clause)主语从句 ( The Subject Clause)同位语从句 ( The Appos

2、itive Clause)宾语从句一、引导词： 主要有that，which， when， where， who(m), whose， how， why，if whether 等二、语序无论主句是陈述句还是疑问句，宾语从句都必须使用陈述语序，即“主句连词宾语从句（主语谓语）”句式。根据连接词在从句中所担任的不同成分，可分为以下四种：1)连接词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语。常见的连接词有： who，what，which等。如：Could you tell me who knows the answer，please？你能告诉我谁知道答案吗？2）连接词名词谓语。连接词在从句中作主语的定语。常见的连接词

3、有：whose，what，which，how many，how much等。如：The teacher asked us how many people there were in the room老师问我们房间里有多少人。3）连接词主语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语、状语或表语。常见的连接词有：who，what，which，how many，how much， when，why，how，where，if whether（在句中不充当任何成分）等。如：Could you tell me what I should do with the money ？你能告诉我我如何处理这笔钱吗？4）连接词名词主

4、语谓语。连接词在从句中作宾语或表语的定语。常见的连接词有：what，which，how many，how much，how等。如：Do you know which class he is in ？你知道他在哪个班吗？用合适的连接词填空1. Wang Hai told me _ he didnt go cycling yesterday afternoon.（how, why）2. Can you tell me _ else is going to be on duty today?（who, whom）3. She said _ it wouldnt matter much.（that,

5、if）4. He always thinks _ he can do better.（how, who）5. I really dont know _ the bridge will be finished.（how long, how soon）三、种类 1. 作动词的宾语 (1) 由that引导的宾语从句（that 通常可以省略）,例如： I heard that be joined the army. (2) 由what, whether (if) 引导的宾语从句，例如： 1) She did not know what had happened. 2) I wonder whether

6、 you can change this note for me. (3) 动词间接宾语宾语从句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.2. 作介词的宾语 例如：Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.3. 作形容词的宾语 例如：I am afraid (that) Ive made a mistake. That 引导的从句常跟在下列形容词后作宾语： Anxious, aware, certain, confident, convi

7、nced, determined, glad, proud, surprised, worried, sorry, thankful, ashamed, disappointed, annoyed, pleased, hurt, satisfied, content 等。也可以将此类词后的that 从句的看作原因状语从句。4. It 可以作为形式宾语注意：如果主句中有形容词或名词作宾语补足语时，一般用it来作形式宾语，把从句放在宾补后面。that不能省.We heard it that she would get married next month.We think it our duty

8、that we should help others.I find it impossible that he should finish the work in two days.5. 后边不能直接跟that 从句的动词这类动词有Allow, refuse, let, like, cause, force, admire, condemn, celebrate, dislike, love, help, take, forgive等。这类词后可以用不定式或动名词作宾语，但不可以用that引导的宾语从句。例如： I admire their winning the match. (right)

9、 I admire that they won the match. (wrong)6. 不可用that从句作直接宾语的动词 有些动词不可用于“动词间接宾语that从句“结构中，常见的有Envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等。例如： He impressed the manager as an honest man. (right) He impressed the manager that he was an honest man. (wrong)7. 否定的转

10、移 若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, fancy, guess, imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。例如：I dont think this dress fits you well.我认为这件衣服不适合你穿.I dont think he will lie to me.我认为他不会对我撒谎的.I dont think we should lend him money.我认为我们不应该借钱给他.I think he wont come here. ( )I dont

11、 think he will come here. ( )四、宾语从句的时态含宾语从句的复合句，主、从句谓语动词的时态呼应应包括以下三点内容：1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时，从句的谓语动词可根据需要，选用相应的任何时态。如：I dont know when he will come back我不知道他将何时回来。He tells me that his sister came back yesterday他告诉我他姐姐昨天回来了。2）如果主句的谓语动词是过去时，宾语从句的谓语动词只可根据需要，选用过去时态即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时或过去完成时的某一种形式。如：The childr

12、en didnt know who he was孩子们不知道他是谁。3）如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象或习惯性动作等，不管主句用什么时态，从句时态都用一般现在时。如：The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun老师说地球绕着太阳转。练习1. Could you tell me if it _ tomorrow? A. rains B. is raining C. will rain D. rain 2. The teacher told his students the sun_ in the east. A. ris

13、e B. rises C. rose D. risen 3. Peter knew _. A. whether he has finished reading the book B. why the boy had so many questions C. there were 12 months in a year D. when they will leave for Paris 4. Could you tell me _? A. where is the nearest railway station B. where the nearest railway station was C

14、. where the nearest railway station is D. where was the nearest railway station 5. I really dont know if she _ it when she _. A. finds/ arrives B. finds/ will arrive C. will find/ will arrive D. will find/ arrives表语从句在句中充当表语的从句(即放在be动词后面)叫做表语从句。表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语连系动词表语从句”。可以接表语从句的连系

15、动词有be, look, remain, seem等。引导表语从句的that常可省略。另外，常用的还有the reason is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：Our purpose is that he can realize his faults.我们的目的是他能认识到错误。注意：引导表语从句的连接词一般不省略。The question is whether it is worth doing.问题是它是否值得做。注意：表语从句表示“是否” 只用“whether” 而不用“if”1) The question is whether we can make good

16、preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we cant get the support of the people3) But the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.用合适的连接词填空That house is _ the garden tools are stored.The reason I dont want to go ther

17、e is _ Ive just got a new job here.That was _ they had made the mistake.Everything in the room is _ it was ten years ago.The dream Jack has in mind is _ he will become a scientist in the future. 主语从句在句中充当主语的从句叫做主语从句。通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。He will come here on Wednesday is certain.他星期三来这里是肯

18、定的。He will come here on Wednesday is not certain.他星期三是否来这里还不肯定的。What he said is not true.Who broke the window has not been found out.How he escaped is still a mystery.Whom she borrowed money from still puzzled him. 1. It 作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It 作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调

19、，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人是也可用who/whom。例如： It is a pity that you didnt go to see the film. It doesnt interest me whether you succeed or not. It is in the morning that the murder took place. It is John that broke the window.2. 用it 作形式主语的结构 (1) It is 名词从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非

20、常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) it is 形容词从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange that 奇怪的是 (3) it is 不及物动词从句 It seems that 似乎 It happened that 碰巧(4) it 过去分词从句 It is reported that 据报道 It has been proved that 已证实3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况 (1) if 引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 (2) It is said , (reported) 结构中的主语从句不可

21、提前。例如： It is said that President Jingo will visit our school next week. (right) That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. (wrong) (3) It happens, It occurs 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. (right) That he failed in the examination occurred to

22、 him. (wrong) (4) It doesnt matter how/whether 结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： It doesnt matter whether he is wrong or not. (right) Whether he is wrong or not doesnt matter. (wrong) (5) 含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： Is it likely that it will rain in the evening? (right) Is that will rain in the evening likely? (wron

23、g) 4. What 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 What 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语宾语表语，而that 则不然。例如： 1) What you said yesterday is right. 2) That she is still alive is a consolation.练习Exercise 11. _ she said puzzled him.2. _ she said such a thing puzzled him.3. _ we should send to take part in the party is to be discussed.

24、4. _ they dont want to drop the plan is clear.5. _ he finished the work in so short time remains a question. 6. _ it is going to snow this evening is not certain.Exercise 21. _ (她离开他) cut him to the cut.2. _ (月球上没有生命) is known to all.3. _ (我在会议上说的) must be kept secret.4. _ (是否这件事是真的) remains a quest

25、ion.5. _ (我们什么时候开会) is to be discussed.Exercise 31. It is a wonder _ you werent injured.2. It is still unknown _ and _ this took place.3. It makes no difference to me _ he is rich or poor.4. It is not yet decided _ is to take her place as secretary.5. It is said _ this plaza has 15 cinemas.6. It doe

26、snt matter _ you are going to do it.同位语从句在句中用作同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。同位语从句一般放在如idea, news, fact, promise, suggestion, belief, truth等含有丰富内涵的抽象的词语后面，用来说明前面那个词的具体内容。一般说来，同位语从句都用that来作连接词，而且不能省略。也可用how, when, where等。He gave her a promise that he would come back after two months.他给了她一个承诺，他会在两个月后回来。试区分以下句子Do you k

27、now the fact that he stole the car?Do you know the fact that they were talking about?注意：1. 如果是定语从句，它的从句肯定是不完整的，关系词肯定在句中充当成分的；而同位语从句中的that只起连接作用。 2. 定语从句是对先行词起修饰作用，而同位语从句则解释说明先行词的具体内容。1. The news that the plane would take off on time made everybody happy.2. The news that is spreading around the airpo

28、rt is that a heavy storm is coming.练习一、翻译1.The suggestion _is worth considering. 学生应该学些实用的东西的建议值得考虑。2.Dad made a promise _ _爸爸承诺如果我通过英语考试就会给我买 一个CD机。二、单选1.The question is _the film is worth seeing.A. if B. what C. whether D. how 2.They received orders _ the work be done at once.A .which B. when C. /

29、 D .that 3.The reason _ I have to go is _ my mother is ill in bed. A .why; why B. why; because C. why ; that D. that; because4. _ I cant understand is _ she wants to change her mind. A. What; why B. Which; how C. That; why D. What; because5. _ his dream of going to college will come true is uncertain. A. That B. Whether C. If D. Even if6. It is known to us _ where there is pollution, there is harm. A. which B. where C. what D. that7. I have the information _. A. of what hell come soon B. that hell come soonC. of that hell come soon D. his coming soon