完整版人教版高中英语选修8Unit1单词及课文详解.docx

1、完整版人教版高中英语选修8Unit1单词及课文详解选修8 Unit 1 单词及课文详解California 加利福尼亚（州）Californian 加利福尼亚（州）人illustrate vt. 说明；阐明 illustration 实例 插图 图解Be illustrated with 有插图 - sth. 给书加插图 阐明By way of -tion 作为说明 in -tion of 作为.例证distinct adj. 清晰的；明显的；明确的 distinctive 独特的 有特色的distinction n. 差别；区分cn；卓著 优秀un.Distinguish between a

2、nd :distinguish A from B -ed 杰出的 以.著名Make a distinction between and Make no distinction 没有区别： without distinction with distinction 优异地immigrant n. （从外国移入的）移民live on 继续存在；继续生存 - by 以.为生 - through 活过 度过.熬过Live up to 实践原则 誓言等 做到 - down 改过自新生活忘掉过错strait n. 海峡=straitsBering 白令海峡Arctic adj. 北极的；北极区的the Ar

3、ctic 北极means n. 手段；方法by means of 用办法；借助 By all means 一定 务必 by no means 绝不By this means 通过这种方式：in this way/ with this method/ in this manner by some means or other 想尽办法 prehistoric adj. 史前的majority n. 大多数；大半 the - 做主语 谓语动词单数 各个成员 可用复数The - of + 单数名词或pl. 谓语动词与名词保持一致In a - 占大多数 get a - 获得多数票 have a - 拥

4、有多数Major minor minority -ity .状态、性质ministry n. （政府的）部；（全体）牧师；牧师的职责 神职任期 the - of DefenseCatholic adj. 天主教的 n.天主教徒Alaska n. 阿拉斯加（州）San Francisco n. 圣弗朗西斯科（也称旧金山）adventurer n. 冒险家make a life 习惯于新的生活方式、工作等despite prep. 尽管；不管hardship n. 苦难；困苦elect vt. 选择；决定做某事；选举某人federal adj. 联邦制的；联邦政府的rail n. 铁路；扶手；（护

5、栏的）横条percentage n. 百分比；百分率Los Angeles n. 洛杉矶Italy n. 意大利Italian n. 意大利人；意大利语adj.意大利人的；意大利语的Denmark n. 丹麦（北欧国家）keep up 坚持；维持；沿袭（风俗、传统等）- away from 不接近 - back 阻止 抑制 -. From 阻止 免受伤害 - off 远离 - out 使不入内- up with 跟上 -an eye on 注视 - hold of 抓住 - a record of记载 - in touch withHollywood n. 好莱坞；美国电影业boom n. （

6、人口、贸易的）繁荣 （运动 音乐）突然风靡的时期 深沉的响声V. 轰鸣 激增 处于经济迅速发展时期-er=baby -er 生育高峰期出生的人 - town 新兴都市aircraft n. 飞行器；航空器；飞机Cambodian n. 柬埔寨人；柬埔寨语Korea n. 韩国；朝鲜Korean n. 韩国/朝鲜人；朝鲜/韩语 adj.韩国（人/语）的；朝鲜（人/语）的Pakistan n. 巴基斯坦Pakistani adj. 巴基斯坦（人）的 n.巴基斯坦人immigrate vi. 移入（外国定居）immigration n. 移民；移居入境racial adj. 人种的；种族的cross

7、ing n. 横渡；横越；十字路口；人行横道vice n. & adj. 代理；副职nephew n. 侄子；外甥pole n. 地极；电极；磁极applicant n. 申请人customs n. 海关；关税；进口税socialist n. 社会主义者；社会党人 adj.社会主义者的socialism n. 社会主义occur vi. 发生；出现 有计划或无计划It -s to sb. To do/ that. 某人想到 -rencecattle n. 牛（总称）Hispanic n. （美）讲西班牙语的美国人indicate vt. 指出；指示；表明；暗示back to back 背靠背l

8、uggage n. 行李（baggage）shave vt. & vi. (shaved; shaved, shaven) 刮；剃cable n. 缆绳；绳索；电缆cable car 缆车；（美）有轨缆车Andrew Hallidie 安德鲁海利迪tram n. （有轨）电车apparent adj. 显而易见的；显然的；表面上的apparently adv. 显然地；显而易见地It is - to sb. That. 在某人看来 显然.brake n. 闸；刹车；制动器 Vi. & vt. 刹（车）；用制动器减速conductor n. （公车）售票员；列车员；（乐队）指挥slip vi.

9、滑动；滑行；滑跤 n.滑动；滑倒 小错误- off 迅速脱去衣服：- out of -on 迅速穿上 -out 被无意中说出 - away 消失 消亡 - up 犯错误 疏忽wharf n. 码头bakery n. 面包房；面包厂ferry n. 渡船；渡口 vt.摆渡；渡运Angel Island 天使岛team up with 与合作或一起工作hire vt. & n. 租用；雇用- sth. To .租给 - . From.向.租借 租设备用hire 租房子：let/rentfascinating adj. 迷人的；吸引人的mark out 划线；标出界线 选定 表明- down 记下

10、减价 给低分 - off 划出界限 -up 标高价格 - with 以.为标记- for life 留下终生的伤痕seagull n. 海鸥take in 包括；吸收 理解 欺骗 - apart 拆开 -away 拿走 - back 收回- to 喜欢 习惯 - on承担 呈现 雇佣 - over 接管-up 占据 继续 -up with 和 交往angle n. 角；角度a great/good many 许多；很多Many/many a/an / a great/good many/ more than one/ a good/large number of +pl.Much/ a goo

11、d/great deal of/ a large amount of /amounts of+unA lot of/lots of/ a quantity of/ quantities of/ plenty of/ a supply of/supplied of+pl./unAmounts of/ quantities of+un. 谓语动词用复数Many a(more than one)+单数 谓语动词用单数apply for 申请；请示得到Apply 申请 敷 产生作用 使努力- to do 申请做 - .to.将.涂抹于- oneself to 专心从事 applicant applic

12、ation appliednowhere adv. 无处；到处都无miserable adj. 痛苦的；悲惨的punishment n. 处罚；惩罚justice n. 公正；公平mourn vt. & vi. 哀悼；悼念；表示悲痛 -er哀悼者 -ful 忧伤的 -ing n, 哀悼civil adj. 公民的；国内的；民间的authority n. 权威；权力 (pl)当局；官方reform vt. & vi. 改革；革新 n.改革；改造；改良grasp vt. & n. 抓住；抓紧；掌握；领会thoughtful adj. 关切的；体贴的；深思的thankful adj. 感激的；感谢的

13、insert vt. 插入；嵌入 n. 插面广告 挿入物 -ion 放入选修八Unit1 CALIFORNIA加利福尼亚California is the third largest state in the USA but has the largest population（grow/fall; large/small）. 加州是美国第三大洲, 而且是人口最多的州。 It also has the distinction of （有与众不同之处）being the most multicultural（多元文化的，multi-多方面 多方向 multicolored multimedia

14、multiparty） state in the USA, having attracted people from all over the world. 加州与众不同之处在于它也是美国最具多元文化的一个州。它吸引了来自世界各地的人们。 The customs and languages of the immigrants live on in their new home. 这些移民的风俗习惯以及语言在他们的新家都得以延续。 This diversity of culture is not surprising when you know the history of California

15、.当你了解了加利福尼亚的历史，你就不会对其文化的多样性感到惊奇了。NATIVE AMERCANS美洲土著人Exactly when the first people arrived in what we now know as California, no one really knows. 最早一批人具体是什么时候来到我们现在了解的加利福尼亚地区的, 谁也说不清楚。 However, it is likely （可能的，=probable , it is likely that/sb is likely to do more than likely 很可能 likeable 可爱的 like

16、wise同样的 likelihood可能性）that Native Americans were living in California at least fifteen thousand years ago. 然而，可能至少在一15,000年以前美洲土著人就住在加利福尼亚了。Scientists believe that these settlers crossed the Bering Strait in the Arctic to America by means of a land bridge which existed in prehistoric times. 科学家们认为这些

17、迁居者通过一条史前时期曾经存在的大陆桥穿越北极地区的白令海峡到达美洲。 In the 16th century, after the arrival of the Europeans, the native people suffer（+痛苦 损失； suffer from+ 战争 自然灾害带来的苦难-ance 经勉强同意 ）ed greatly. 欧洲人在16世纪到来这里之后，土著人遭受了极大的苦难。 Thousands were killed or forced into slavery. 成千上万人被杀或被迫成为奴隶。In addition, many died from （外因 die

18、 of 内因 - by 自杀 吊死 被刀剑杀死 - down 渐渐消失 -off 相继死去 -away 逐渐消失 - out 绝种 pass away sleep the final sleep be no more breathe ones last）the diseases brought by the Europeans. 另外, 欧洲人带来的疾病，使许多人染病而死。 However, some survived （比.活的长 - from 从.幸存下来 -on靠.维生 survival survivor）these terrible times, and today there are

19、 more Native Americans living in California than in any other state. 不过，还是有一些人经历了这些恐怖时期而活下来了。今天住在加利福尼亚的美洲土著人比任何其他州的都要多。 THE SPANISH西班牙人In the 18th century California was ruled by Spain. 在18世纪的时候，加利福尼亚是被西班牙统治的。 Spanish soldiers first arrived in South America in the early 16th century, when they fough

20、t（打架 打仗 争辩 - against 为反对.而斗争 - for 为争取 而斗争 - with并肩战斗；=- against ; - back 奋力抵抗 -off 击退 -sth. Back 忍住 抑制住 - to the death 战斗到底） against the native people and took their land. 西班牙士兵最早是在16世纪初期来到南美洲的，他们同土著人打仗，夺去了他们的土地。Two centuries later, the Spanish had settled in most parts of South America and along t

21、he northwest coast of what we now call the United States. 两个世纪以后, 西班牙人在南美洲大部分地区定居下来，而且还在我们现在称之为美国的西北沿海地区住下来。Of the first Spanish to go to California, the majority were religious men, whose ministry was to teach the Catholic religion to the natives. 在首批移居加利福尼亚州的西班牙人中，大部分是宗教人士，他们的职责是向原住居民传授天主教。In 1821

22、, the people of Mexico gained their independence （win/gain/have -from, be independent form/of independent school=private school）from Spain. 1821年,墨西哥人从西班牙获得了独立。 California then became part of Mexico.加利福尼亚于是成了墨西哥的一部分。In 1846 the United States declared （+n./that./sb./sth. To be/as. - war on宣战 - agains

23、t 声明反对 -on 宣布.要发生 -for 宣布支持 -off宣布取消 -ration -d 公开宣布的 公开 正式 announce 第一次宣布 预告性质）war on Mexico, and after the war won by the USA, Mexico had to give California to the USA. 1846年美国向墨西哥宣战，美国赢得战争胜利后，墨西哥被迫把加利福尼亚割让给美国。However, there is still a strong Spanish influence （exert /have - on/upon.）in the state.

24、 但是,这个州至今仍然保留着很强的西班牙文化的影响。That is why today over 40 of Californians speak Spanish as a first or second language. 这就是为什么今天还有40%的加利福尼亚人仍然把西班牙语作为第一或第二语言的缘故。It/that/this is why.The reason why.is that.RUSSIANS俄罗斯人In the early 1800s, Russian hunters, who had originally gone to Alaska, began settling in Ca

25、lifornia. 在19世纪初期，一批最初到阿拉斯加的俄罗斯猎人开始在加利福尼亚定居下来。 Today there are about 25,000 Russian-Americans living in and around San Francisco. 今天，住在旧金山及其周边地区的美籍俄罗斯人大约25，000人。GOLD MINERS金矿工In 1848, not long after the American-Mexican war, gold was discovered in California. 1848年,美墨战争后不久,在加利福尼亚发现了金矿。 The dream of

26、becoming rich quickly attracted people from all over the world. 发财梦很快就吸引了来自世界各地的人。The nearest, and therefore the first to arrive, were South Americans and people from the United States. 距离最近因而来的最早的是南美洲人和美国人， Then adventurers from Europe and Asia soon followed. 随后跟着来的有欧洲和亚洲的探险家。 In fact, few achieved

27、 their dream of becoming rich. 事实上, 很少有人圆了发财梦。Some died or returned home, but most remained （-+n./a./done/doing/介词短语；+to do/to be done; that. -der 剩余物 -s 残余物 -ing 剩下的）in California to make a life （开始新生活 习惯新的生活方式）for themselves despite great hardship. They settled in the new towns or on farms. 许多人死了或

28、回家了，但是尽管条件十分艰苦，大多数人仍然留在了加利福尼亚劳作谋生，在新的城镇或农场里定居下来。 By the time California elected to become the thirty-first federal state of the USA in 1850, it was already a multicultural society.到1850年加利福尼亚成为美国第31个州的时候, 它已经是一个有着多元文化的社会了。LATER A RRIVALS后来的移民Although Chinese immigrants began to arrive during the Gol

29、d Rush Period, it was the building of the rail network from the west to the east coast that brought even larger numbers to California in the 1860s. 虽然中国移民在淘金热期间就开始来到（美国），但是更大批量的中国移民却是在十九世纪六十年代为了修建贯穿美国东西海岸的铁路而来的。Today, Chinese-Americans live in all parts of California, although a large percentage （术语

30、，百分百 不能用数词修饰 high/low what提问 数词+percent there is no percentage in.做没有好处）have chosen to stay in the Chinatowns of Los Angeles and San Francisco. 今天,加利福尼亚州各地都有美藉华人居住,尽管有很大比例的华人还是选择住在洛杉矶和旧金山的“中国城”里。Other immigrants such as Italians, mainly fishermen but also wine makers, arrived in California in the la

31、te 19th century. 十九世纪后期，其他国家的移民，比如意大利人来到加利福尼亚，他们主要是渔民，也有些酿酒工人。 In 1911 immigrants from Denmark established a town of their own（属于某人自己的 后置定语 表语; 前置定语：ones own sth.）, which today still keeps up their Danish culture. 1911年丹麦移民建立了他们自己的城镇，至今仍保留着丹麦文化。 By the 1920s the film industry was well established （i

32、t is -ed that 据证实. - oneself in 定居 ）in Hollywood, California. 到了二十世纪二十年代，电影产业在加利福尼亚州的好莱坞建立了起来。 The industry boom attracted Europeans including many Jewish people. 这个行业吸引了许多欧洲人包括许多犹太人。Today California has the second largest Jewish population in the United States. 今天，加利福尼亚的犹太人口在美国占第二位。Japanese farmers began arriving in California at t